China News Service, June 29, according to the website of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs recently issued "Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Facility Planting Mechanization" (hereinafter referred to as "Opinions"). The opinion pointed out that by 2025, the level of facility planting mechanization will generally reach more than 50%, and the land output rate, labor productivity, and the utilization rate of fertilizers, pesticides and water resources will reach a new level.
Data figure: The plant protection drone sprays the straw decomposing agent. China News Agency reporter Wang Zhongju
In terms of development goals, opinions suggest that by 2025, the area layout of planting facilities will be more reasonable and the structure types will be more optimized. The total area of planting facilities, mainly plastic greenhouses, solar greenhouses and multi-span greenhouses, will be stable at more than 2 million hectares; facility structure Regional standardized design, construction, and transformation have been steadily advancing, agricultural machinery operating conditions have been significantly improved, new facility structures, materials, and energy-saving and consumption-reducing technical equipment have achieved breakthroughs; new varieties and new technologies suitable for mechanized production have been promoted to speed up. Facilities such as vegetables, flowers, The mechanized technical equipment system and socialized service system for the production of major varieties of fruit trees and Chinese medicinal materials have been basically established, the mechanization level of facility cultivation has reached more than 50%, and the land output rate, labor productivity and utilization rate of fertilizers, pesticides and water resources have reached new levels Stairs.
In terms of main tasks, the opinion stated that it is necessary to promote the standardization of facility layout. Promote standardized greenhouse facilities around the advantageous areas of the facility planting industry.
The north is dominated by energy-saving solar greenhouses, and the south is dominated by plastic greenhouses. In Huanghuaihai, Bohai Rim and Northwest warm temperate zone, northeast and northwest middle temperate zone, the development of energy-saving solar greenhouses is the main development, large-span plastic greenhouses are moderately developed, and multi-span glass greenhouses and multi-span plastic greenhouses are moderately developed in areas with low energy costs. The subtropical rainy areas in the Yangtze River Basin are mainly developed with single-story and multi-story plastic greenhouses, and moderately developed shade sheds, rain sheds, and insect-proof net rooms. Subtropical rainy areas in South China are dominated by plastic greenhouses and sun-shade and rain-proof sheds. Areas where conditions permit develop moderately connected plastic greenhouses. The tropical areas in southern and southwestern China are dominated by multi-span plastic greenhouses and sunshades, and moderately develop insect-proof net rooms and multi-span plastic greenhouses. The climate zone of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau focuses on the development of energy-saving solar greenhouses.
The opinion also stated that it is advisable to promote the construction of facilities. Standardize the structure and construction of standardized greenhouse facilities suitable for different regions, make clear the spatial structure, entrances and exits, internal channels and other dimensions that meet the conditions of agricultural machinery operations, and propose structural strength specifications that meet equipment installation needs and safe production requirements.
At the same time, speed up the ergonomic transformation of old planting facilities, in accordance with the passage of agricultural machinery and indoor operating conditions, transform entrances, skeletons, ear rooms, buffer rooms, indoor passages, etc., optimize the layout of planting space, and innovate mechanized planting models to meet equipment installation Operation and mechanical traffic requirements. Actively promote energy-saving facility construction materials and low-energy-consumption electric facility equipment to reduce energy consumption and pollution emissions.
The opinions are clear, and we must promote the mechanization of production operations. Increase the investment in scientific and technological innovation of facility planting equipment, support collaborative research in industry, academia and research, and break through shortcomings in technical equipment such as precise seeding, seedling grafting, transplanting and harvesting. Accelerate the improvement of the level of mechanization of environmental regulation and plant protection operations, and popularize the technical equipment for land cultivation, irrigation and fertilization. Promote the integration of electric transportation, water and fertilizer integration facilities and multi-functional operation platforms with the greenhouse structure. Strengthen the promotion of resourceful and efficient utilization of technical equipment such as tail vegetables, plant stalks, residual film, etc., to achieve facility planting and clean production.
In addition, carry out joint research, accelerate the selection and promotion of special varieties of mechanized facilities, demonstrate the promotion of mechanized planting technology models, promote the coordination of equipment and equipment at all links, and actively build a regionalized and standardized facility planting mechanization technology system. Promote the matching of good varieties, good methods and good opportunities to create good conditions for mechanized production. Areas with conditions should take the lead in realizing mechanization of the whole process of facility cultivation.
The opinion also stated that it is necessary to promote the intelligentization of facilities and equipment. Accelerate the integration of informatization and mechanization, promote technologies such as automatic environmental control, integrated intelligent control of water and fertilizer, and crop growth information monitoring, to reduce production costs and improve the level of facility planting mechanization. Strengthen scientific and technological research, focus on breakthroughs in key technical equipment such as special sensors, automatic operations, precision operations and intelligent operation and maintenance management of facility planting equipment, develop agricultural robots and fully automatic plant factories for grafting, pollination, inspection, harvesting, etc. to achieve information Online perception, fine production management and control, and efficient operation and maintenance management.
The opinion pointed out that we must promote the socialization of production services. Guide greenhouse greenhouse growers to set up cooperative planting machinery service cooperative organizations to improve the sharing service capacity of machinery and equipment throughout the production process. Strengthen the support and guidance of facility planting mechanized social services, cultivate facility planting agricultural machinery cooperatives, production complexes, comprehensive service stations and other social professional service organizations, carry out greenhouse construction, maintenance, machine rental, seedling supply, job trust and processing Socialized services such as sales, innovative service mechanisms, and development of "full-scale mechanization + comprehensive agricultural services" and other facilities to plant new socialized service models and new formats. Strengthen the guidance for the standardized construction of service organizations, guide service organizations to improve management systems, improve operating mechanisms, expand service scope, and improve service standards.
In terms of safeguard measures, the Opinions also proposed five measures, including strengthening organizational leadership, improving support policies, promoting scientific and technological innovation, strengthening demonstration and guidance, and strengthening public services.
Among them, in terms of improving support policies and measures, the opinion said that it is necessary to formulate appropriate standards and work guidelines for the construction and reconstruction of facility planting bases, and actively seek the support of the financial and financial departments to coordinate financial funds, credit funds and social funds to promote facility greenhouses. It should be mechanized construction and transformation. Increase the support for agricultural machinery purchase subsidies, include more facility planting equipment into the scope of subsidies, expand the pilot scope of standardized greenhouse skeleton subsidies, and actively explore the subsidy path for complete facilities and equipment. Implement facility agricultural land management policies and improve facility construction and renovation standards.
In addition, financial institutions should be promoted to develop mortgage loans for greenhouse equipment with clear ownership, explore discounts on loans for the purchase of agricultural equipment for large-scale facilities, and promote agricultural credit insurance models such as "greenhouse loans" and "greenhouse insurance". Actively guide the development of various types of private capital investment facilities for planting mechanization and accelerate the establishment of a diversified investment mechanism.