Crayfish, snail powder... These foods were originally "coveted" by many young people, but now they have entered the campus and supported an independent profession. Many people are also questioning: why do you need such a breakdown? The expert stated that-
The professional breakdown of colleges and universities is a trend, but "there are details in it"
Recently, China Pearl College was inaugurated in Zhuji, Zhejiang. The college will recruit 100 undergraduates every year for Jiyang College of Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, and will promote the pearl industry to become fashionable, ecological, by setting up a pearl industry class, vocational skills training and identification, and jointly building a pearl big data center. globalization.
The Pearl College is not alone. Just before this, the Snail Rice Powder College, the Crayfish College, and the Navel Orange College were successively established in my country, which caused a heated discussion in the society. "Snail Rice Powder College is here, is it Hot Pot College, Spicy Stick College, Claypot Rice College not far away?" Netizens ridiculed, and also reflected the thinking changes brought about by the professional subdivision adjustment of colleges and universities under the new employment situation.
Is it necessary for college majors to be subdivided to such a degree? What are the pros and cons of professional segmentation? In response, a reporter from Science and Technology Daily interviewed relevant experts.
Setting up a major is not easy
In a research field, what criteria are used to measure whether a profession can be established?
In an interview with the Science and Technology Daily, Li Zihua, Dean of the Teachers College of Qinghai University for Nationalities, said that in order to establish a major in a certain research field, it must meet several standards. First, there must be clear and specific professional training objectives, which is the prerequisite for talent training. At the same time, there must be a stable team of professional teachers. For example, in addition to teachers of cultural basic courses and professional technical courses, teachers of higher vocational education must also have stable practice guidance teachers. If the structure of the teaching staff is unreasonable, there is no way to improve the quality of professional training. In addition, it is necessary to have a perfect system, such as training programs, curriculum plans, teaching plans, syllabus, etc., which is the key to ensuring the cultivation of professional talents. "Finally, there must be a stable job market demand. Higher education, especially vocational higher education, has a high degree of fit with the job market. If the professionally trained personnel do not meet the market demand, then this major will lose its meaning and existence. Value." Li Zihua introduced.
The establishment of a professional dynamic adjustment mechanism oriented by social needs in colleges and universities is a key link to promote college transformation and serve regional economic and social development. Under the influence of various foreseeable social factors, the purpose of the dynamic adjustment mechanism of college majors is to promote colleges to quickly and accurately identify the target positioning, actively integrate into the needs of economic and social development, and guide colleges and universities to cultivate applied research and professional technology application talents as the goal It is guided by connotation construction and service capabilities, highlights the school-oriented concept of social needs, serves regional economic and social development, enhances students’ employment and entrepreneurship capabilities, and cultivates high-quality talents for national strategies and regional economic development.
In order to establish a dynamic adjustment mechanism for majors, colleges and universities must have an overall plan, which should not only reflect the school’s positioning and professional characteristics, but also combine their own school running characteristics to master the economic development and social needs of the school’s majors in the region. Master the running status, enrollment scale and employment status of similar majors in other universities Adjustment mechanism.
Continuous subdivision is the future trend
Earlier, according to media reports, when the Hubei Jianghan Art Vocational College set up the Crayfish College, the first batch of students were booked without graduation, and the first domestic Liuzhou Snail Powder Industry College established by the Liuzhou Vocational and Technical College in Guangxi has also attracted a lot of attention recently. This specialty offers 7 specialties in green food production and testing, food testing technology, equipment maintenance and management, aiming to cultivate "snails and rice flour industry technology and skills combined application talents."
In people's minds, the "serious" majors in colleges include Chinese language and literature, law, physics, chemistry, etc. In fact, in recent years, along with economic and social development and reform, new majors such as e-commerce, logistics, computers, and electronic materials have emerged. The professional breakdown is an adjustment based on employment needs under the new situation.
In the new era, the emerging specialties such as the crayfish specialty and the snail powder specialty make people wonder. Is it necessary to subdivide this? In this regard, Li Zihua said that from the perspective of my country's future technology and education development, professional refinement is an inevitable trend of future education development. "Diversified professional directions are necessary to distinguish. With the development of the times, the original large and comprehensive professional gradually developed many research directions, and each research direction is self-contained, and some subdivision fields can be set as a single At the same time, the improvement of the professional level of teachers also supports professional subdivision. In the early stage of a professional development, teachers need to expand as much as possible in the professional breadth, and when the development of the professional system has matured, each professional direction of development More refined, it requires teachers to dig deep and study in professional theory and practice in order to cultivate specialized talents." Li Zihua said.
He said that with the development of Internet technology, some interdisciplinary disciplines and emerging industries are constantly emerging. The industry and industry development require higher, more sophisticated and deeper professional and technical personnel, and the number of majors in universities will increase. Come thinner. For example, the computer science major is divided into software engineering, databases, computer networks, artificial intelligence, computer graphics and multimedia, architecture/compiler and parallel computing, human-computer interaction, management information systems, information security, theory and algorithms, etc. More than ten branches to cultivate technical talents with more refined professional skills.
The data shows that there are as many as 1,500 majors in colleges and universities in the United States, and there are about 250 majors for students to choose from at the University of Michigan, allowing students to choose two majors or even three majors at the same time. In this regard, Li Zihua believes that professional subdivision is a new trend in the development of international education. He believes that with the development of technology and education, some new majors such as homeland security, globalization research, computer forensics, agricultural ecology, etc. have appeared in universities, and even some universities have begun to allow students to create their own majors, that is, students according to their own He has an interest in designing majors, so he has psychology anthropology, consciousness and brain research, cultural crime and family health.
How to subdivide needs scientific considerations
In the short term, the emerging emerging professions meet the market demand, enabling graduates trained by colleges and universities to quickly integrate into local economic construction. From the perspective of professional training, what are the possible adverse effects of professional breakdown? Many scholars have believed that professional subdivision will affect the cultivation of comprehensive talents. Is this also the case?
Li Zihua said that the debate on the pros and cons of professional subdivision has a long history in colleges and universities. Its advantage is that it can train talents who meet the needs of the market, effectively increase the professional counterparty rate of student employment, and cultivate more practical talents for regional industry construction. The downside is that the finer the major, the less the general knowledge and ability of the students is, which is not conducive to the overall development of the students.
Although professional segmentation is the future trend of education, comprehensive quality is the key factor that determines the success or failure of professional segmentation. On the one hand, with the development of society, the competition for talents has become increasingly fierce. The biggest advantage that professional subdivision brings to students lies in their professional counterparts, but at the same time, it also intensifies the competitive pressure under the same professional. When the professional level of talents is about the same, comprehensive quality plays a decisive role.
On the other hand, learning professional knowledge and meeting market demands are not the only goals for students to study. Students need to broaden their horizons and cultivate their sentiments through general education as they grow up, improve their overall quality, and better contribute to society and the country. power.