It does not seem that anyone imagining the scene of the departure of the ousted president, Mohamed Morsi, inside the cage of an arbitrator accused by a glass wall that obscures his voice. Commemorate the first anniversary of the death of the country's first elected civilian president.

Thus, a year ago, al-Qadr chose to absent Morsi on June 17, 2019, leaving a deep-rooted conflict between supporters raising it for the well-being and the opponents who see it as a model of failure in managing the country, while a third voice remains, saying that sometimes it is more appropriate for one to leave his place and leave only.

In the life and death story of Egypt's first civilian president, facts and notations are used by these conflicting parties, either to mobilize citizens against the current military authority or to strengthen their survival, and in both cases the fate of the man's biography towards eternity appears inevitably associated with the revolution of January 25, 2011.

What is the presidency?

In a small village in Sharkia governorate and a middle-income family, Muhammad Muhammad Mursi Issa al-Ayyat was born in August 1951, about a year before the army officers turned on King Farouk and took control of the country’s rule on July 23, 1952.

In Sharkia schools, the student Mohamed Morsi received his education until he obtained a high school diploma, then he moved to the capital to study engineering at Cairo University, until he graduated in 1975 to be appointed as a teaching assistant, then he traveled to the United States of America to obtain a doctorate.

While in America, particularly in 1979, he got acquainted with the ideas of the Muslim Brotherhood until he became a member of this group.

In 1985, Morsi decided to return to his homeland, to work as a professor and head of the Department of Materials Engineering at the Faculty of Engineering at Zagazig University until 2010.

In conjunction with the academic career, the man continued his political career, beginning with a member of the group's political section. In 2000, he won the parliamentary elections to become a spokesman for the parliamentary bloc of the Muslim Brotherhood in the People's Assembly.

Besides, the engineering professor was among the co-founders of the National Change Front in 2004. In 2006 he was arrested while participating in a demonstration denouncing the conversion of two judges to the Competence Commission, because of their opposing position on the rigging of the 2005 parliamentary elections.

He was soon released after a few months, but he was arrested a few days after the revolution of January 25, and was placed in Wadi al-Natrun Prison before he was released due to the insecurity in Egypt at the time.

In April 2011, the Muslim Brotherhood's Shura Council elected him president of the Freedom and Justice Party that was established after the revolution as the group's political arm.

Ascension to the presidency

On the afternoon of Sunday, June 24, 2012, the head of the judicial committee overseeing the presidential elections announced the victory of the Freedom and Justice Party candidate, Mohamed Morsi, to head the country, at the expense of Ahmed Shafiq, the last prime minister during the era of ousted President Hosni Mubarak.

Amid the joy of losing Shafiq, who was considered a symbol of the remnants of the defunct era, as well as being a former general in the army, fears surrounding Morsi's victory, that academic and specialist in engineering and the successful parliamentarian. He is the son of a religious group from which many currents in society are concerned. The media often called it the banned Brotherhood, so how will the man deal with the deep state that the January revolution failed to displace?

Besides, he is the first civilian president of the country, that is, he is running a new college experience on Egypt, which needs a unique personality to ensure success, and not a man who was the second choice for his group after the prominent leader Khairat Al-Shater who was excluded from running.

The fear of the chest soon turned into a street reality represented by protests against the elected president, and the demonstrations erupted after a presidential decree was issued in November 2012, which the opposition considered to give the president broad powers to return the country to the previous era of tyranny.

The most widespread criticism concerned his affiliation with the Muslim Brotherhood, and opponents considered him a machine in the hands of the guide, not the president of all Egyptians, as well as pressure on him to achieve tangible achievements in many political, economic and social files.

Military coup

One month before Morsi completed a year in office, the matter was no longer merely casual demonstrations produced under any democratic system. Rather, it seemed as if someone had stuck to all the strands to go in the only direction, which is the overthrow of the elected president.

A youth movement had gathered, gathering citizens ’signatures on agencies that refused to continue its rule, calling itself a" rebellion "and calling with other opposition entities for mass demonstrations to demand his departure on the first anniversary of his assumption of power.

On the other side, supporters of Morsi, whether from the Islamic trend, or who are afraid of not adhering to the legitimacy of the electoral funds and deviating from the democratic path, or who did not find the president's performance calling for his overthrow, or who saw Egypt’s problems difficult to solve in only one year.

Thus the demonstrations took place on June 30, 2013, in a scene that seemed pure spontaneous and popular, although the facts will reveal after that that everything was prepared in preparation for the military coup on July 3, 2013.

In the aftermath of the military coup, Morsi was arrested and forcibly disappeared, to appear in the courtroom as a defendant, where 3 final rulings were issued against him, in cases of federal events, intelligence with Qatar, and insulting the judiciary, with a total of 48 years imprisonment.

The country's first elected president remained in solitary confinement and deprived of his visit for six years, until Fate chose to have his death in the courtroom during one of his trial sessions, following a heart attack at the age of 68.

The military regime did not miss the rudeness of the last line in the civil president’s story, so he refused to implement Morsi's will to be buried in his family’s tombs in the east, and was buried under heavy guard in a cemetery in which former guides of the Muslim Brotherhood were buried.

Who ruled?

On the surface, it appears that Morsi took over the country for a year, but all the circumstances that took place during that period make the question "Who governed Egypt from June 2012 to June 2013?" A legitimate question.

On the one hand, it was apparent that the state apparatus did not cooperate with the civil president, the son of the remote village, who did not have an eagle on his shoulder, and went to the Republican Palace to start his work and then returned to his simple apartment that he rented, and his sister died of liver disease in a government hospital.

According to observers of the scene at the time, the state’s agencies - especially the security ones - did not cooperate with Morsi in managing the country, and the reasons for this differed from the failure of these agencies to his policies that were to enable Brotherhood members from government positions, and the fear of the success of the democratic experiment, which would successively lead to the demise The deep state, which is the state apparatus of its arms.

Also, the media machine - owned by businessmen affiliated with the deep state - was fiercely critical of any behavior or statement issued by Morsi. Rather, things that the man did not commit were attached to him and it is one of the driving tools towards demonstrations against him.

In that case, the question evolved to: "How does the president manage organs that refuse to run him?", While the issues of things answer that Morsi was plowing in a sea of ​​deception.

On the other hand, the president was the son of a group that owes all its members the absolute loyalty to the guide, and is subject to an organizational structure that cannot be overlooked, and therefore the independence of Morsi's decision cannot be envisioned away from the Brotherhood.

There is not much evidence for this, but the conference to support the Syrian revolution that was held a few days before the military coup and attended by Morsi, at which two sheikhs called for jihad in Syria - and considered this a presidential blessing for that call - indicates that the man did not have all the powers to start his work out of control His group.