102 central government departments "drafted books" significantly reduced the expenditure of three public funds
Reasonable use of the three public funds to live a good "tight days"
● Compared with previous years, there have been some new changes in the central government’s budget disclosure this year. Among them, the public implementation of the government’s “tight days” requirement to reduce expenditures has become a major attraction of this year’s “sun” budget.
● The reduction of the three public funds has a certain relationship with the development of the supervision system in recent years and the implementation of the eight regulations and strict rules governing party discipline. Through the supervision system to promote various departments to further squeeze out all kinds of water in the three public funds, so that this fee more and more truly reflects the administrative needs
● From the perspective of future development, the three public funds should be developed in the direction of building a service-oriented government, so that the three public funds can better match the positioning and functions of the government, so as to determine the expenditure and scale of the three public funds and set a reasonable expenditure structure.
□ Reporter Zhao Li
□ Qin Huamin, an intern in this newspaper
On June 11, my country's 102 central government departments focused on "expanding" the budget to society. This year is the 11th consecutive year that the central government has promoted the disclosure of departmental budgets.
Compared with previous years, there have been some new changes in the central government budget disclosure this year. Among them, the public implementation of the government's "tight days" requirement to reduce expenditures has become a major focus of this year's "sun" budget. The public funds most concerned by the outside world have generally experienced significant reductions.
"Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the expenditure of the three public funds in government departments has been declining year by year, which is a good trend. This year, affected by the epidemic, various departments and institutions of the country are reducing relevant administrative funds, including the three public funds. "Zhuang Deshui, deputy director of the Research Center for Clean Government Construction of Peking University, said in an interview with a reporter from the Legal Daily.
Zhuang Deshui believes that on the one hand, it shows that we have achieved results and results in implementing the central development regulations; on the other hand, it shows that we are now not only reducing the amount of three public funds in terms of quantity, but also structurally. The functions and positioning have gradually become clear.
Substantially reduce the three public funds
Optimize fiscal expenditure structure
This year, various departments are still "showing" eight tables, including the total income and expenditure table, the total income table, the total expenditure table, the general public budget three public expenditure table, the government fund budget expenditure table and so on.
In terms of the depth of disclosure, in addition to confidential information, "general public budget expenditures" are disclosed to item-level subjects in the expenditure functional classification, and "basic expenditures" are disclosed to economic classification-level subjects. At the same time, each department also separately explained such matters as the increase and decrease of budget revenues and expenditures, the organization of operating funds, the three public funds, government procurement, the occupation of state-owned assets, and budget performance management.
"Legal Daily" reporters concerned that "tight days" has once again become the key word of this year's departmental budget.
This year’s government work report made it clear that governments at all levels must really live a “tight life”. The central government should take the lead. The central government’s expenditure arrangements at the current level have negative growth. Among them, non-emergency needs and non-rigid expenditures should be reduced by more than 50%. Collect and reschedule.
How should the central government's money be spent when the funding is reduced? It is important to optimize the fiscal expenditure structure.
In his government work report, Premier Li Keqiang requested that basic people's livelihood expenditures should only increase, and that expenditures in key areas should be effectively guaranteed, and general expenditures should be resolutely reduced.
This year, the central government's non-urgent non-rigid expenditures have been reduced by more than 50%, unprecedentedly. Last year, the central government reduced general expenditure by an average of 10%, and reduced three public funds by 3.8%.
From the perspective of the reduction, the top five departments for the overall reduction of the three public funds are: China National Railway Group Co., Ltd. (99.19%), the State Administration of Cultural Heritage (76.64%), the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security (72.49%), the State Medical Security Bureau (66.6%), China Council for the Promotion of International Trade (65.91%).
Taking China National Railway Group Co., Ltd. as an example, the budget of the three public funds in this department in 2020 is 22,312,400 yuan less than in 2019, a decrease of 99.19%. The main reason is not only the "tight days" but also the adjustment of the departmental budget. The railway public security budget is included in the budget management of the Ministry of Public Security.
After these adjustments, China National Railway Group Co., Ltd.’s budget for official reception in 2020 is only 5,000 yuan, and there is no penny budget for going abroad.
"The state is becoming more and more refined in the disclosure of financial funds, especially the three public funds is a hot topic of social concern. Therefore, the control of the three public funds by various departments is becoming more and more strict, and the relevant quotas are becoming more and more cautious." China Wang Jingbo, dean of the Institute of Rule of Law and Government at the University of Political Science and Law, said that there is another obvious trend this year, which is the reduction of public and administrative funds.
In this regard, Zhu Lijia, professor of the Department of Public Administration of the Central Party School (National School of Administration), told the Legal Daily reporter that since the Third Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee, the government has attached great importance to the three public funds, and the expenditure of the three public funds has declined year by year. The decline is even greater. On the one hand, affected by the epidemic this year, the government departments have increased the reduction of the three public funds, and strived to use the reduced three public funds in the field of people's livelihood; on the other hand, the reduction of the three public funds is an important work that the government has been doing since 2013 And policy, so there will be a downward trend.
Build a strong supervision network
Accurately determine the scale of expenditure
A reporter from the Legal Daily noted that most of the 102 central departments’ budgets for the three public funds this year have reduced the purchase and operation expenses of official vehicles in accordance with the requirements of the Party Central Committee and the State Council on the “tight days”.
According to media statistics, the budget for the three public funds of 102 central departments in 2020 is about 4.8 billion yuan, of which the budget for official vehicles accounts for 4.1 billion yuan. In 2019, the official vehicle budget is more than 5 billion yuan, that is to say, only in the official vehicle budget budget, this year can save nearly 1 billion yuan.
Most of the central departments have reduced the budget for official vehicles. In addition, 21 departments have maintained the level of last year, and only 4 have increased the budget for official vehicles. From the point of view of the reduction rate, the reduction rate of various departments reached 50%, and some even reached or approached 100%.
There is also a substantial reduction in the budget for going abroad (international) for business, which is one of the three public funds, which generally reflects international travel expenses, transportation costs between foreign cities, accommodation fees, food expenses, training fees, Expenses such as public expenses.
In 2020, the budgets of 102 central departments for business trips abroad will total more than 430 million yuan. Compared with more than 1.17 billion yuan in 2019, it is reduced by more than 740 million yuan in 2020, a decrease of 63.4%. In terms of the specific reduction, 25 central departments with a reduction of more than 10 million yuan.
"Legal Daily" reporter noted that in recent years, the three public funds from the central government to local governments have been reducing.
"The reduction of the three public funds has a certain relationship with the development of the supervision system in recent years, as well as the implementation of the eight regulations and strict rules governing party discipline. Therefore, in the audit, various supervision systems, and inspection systems, the three public funds also have Become a focus." Wang Jingbo analyzed, therefore, through the supervision system to promote various departments to further squeeze out all kinds of water in the three public funds, so that this cost more and more truly reflects some of the administrative needs.
In the opinion of the interviewed experts, the decline in these data is not only in response to the call in this year's government work report, but also the performance of my country's achievements in the construction of the "four winds" in recent years.
"In recent years, the government has not only introduced some related management systems, but also adjusted the three public funds according to the actual situation every year. Secondly, it is also because we are seriously implementing the central policies and systems and supervising, inspecting and Rectify deviations and ensure the implementation of the system." Zhuang Deshui said, while the supervision is more intense than before. In the past, the supervision of the three public funds was mainly carried out by the audit department to supervise and review. Now it also accepts the supervision and inspection of the representatives of the society and the People's Congress in an open manner, forming a strong supervision network.
"This is a good development trend. From the perspective of future development, San Gong's funds should be developed in the direction of building a service-oriented government, which can make San Gong's funds better match the government's positioning and functions, so as to determine San Gong's funds. The expenditure and scale of the project are set up in a reasonable expenditure structure."
The less the better, the misunderstanding
The key lies in fair use
According to the data released by various departments, taking the Ministry of Finance as an example, the budget for three public funds in 2020 is 24.461 million yuan; the public budget of the National Development and Reform Commission shows that the budget for three public funds in 2020 is 14.7697 million yuan; the three public funds for 2020 in the Ministry of Education It was 871.94 million yuan.
Some members of the public have questioned why the gap between the three public expenditure budgets of the central departments is so large. Some departments have budgets of 20 million yuan and some departments have budgets of only one million yuan.
Wang Jingbo told the "Legal System Daily" reporter that the gap between the three public funds of various departments is relatively large, mainly due to the different conditions of each department, which cannot be generalized. The key question is whether the three public funds are used effectively, scientifically and effectively, and whether they can really promote official management. .
Zhu Lijia wants the public to avoid a misleading concept-"the less public funds, the better."
"The budget gap between the three public funds is mainly determined by the nature of the work of each department. In some departments, the three public funds are less or because of their second-level and third-level departments. Staff requirements and equipment requirements will also affect how much the three public funds budget." Zhu Lijia said.
Zhu Lijia believes that for the public sector, basic, sufficient three public funds can ensure normal operation. If the public funds are too small, it may affect the work schedule and office efficiency. In the future, the public funds of some departments will continue to be reduced, and the funds of some departments will increase. "With the modernization process and the increase in demand for public services, some departments may increase some personnel and training. The key is to use them reasonably, not The less the better."
"In the future, we may focus on the rationality of the use of San Gong funds. Whether it is San Gong funds or other administrative funds, the core is to serve public administration and administrative management, so the use of this fund should improve performance. Let taxpayers spend their money on the edge." Wang Jingbo said that the scientific budget is very critical. In addition, the work and budget must be highly matched to avoid frequent budget changes.
However, regarding the issue of fair use, Zhu Lijia raised some practical issues. For example, bureaucracy and formalism in some places are still relatively serious, resulting in unnecessary meetings, document transmission, training, and so on.
Zhuang Deshui added that the problem of lack of process supervision of conference fees still exists.
"For a long time, the public believed that the data release was not detailed enough, but from the actual situation, it will be technically difficult for the central government departments to release detailed data, because the budget is only to control the upper limit of consumption, and does not control the internal structure. The public should focus on the final accounts, and the monitoring effect will be better." Zhuang Deshui said, "Some public funds involving state secrets, such as some sensitive data of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Public Security, cannot be disclosed to the society, and can only be provided in general. Data. Therefore, government departments should disclose as much as they can, as long as their capabilities allow and guarantee national security, that is, openness and transparency as the principle and pursuit of goals." Zhuang Deshui said.
Implementation of performance appraisal system
Achieve budget democratic supervision
Since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Party, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has solved the problems by implementing the eight regulations of the Central Committee, and has been resolutely and vigorously focused on style building. Shortly after the introduction of the eight regulations, the Central Office and the State Office issued the "Notice on the Party and Government Organs Stopping the Construction of New Buildings, Halls and Offices", requiring party and government organs at all levels not to use any form or reason within five years. Newly built buildings.
Heavy measures have been introduced successively, ranging from the "Regulations for the Party and Government Organs to Practise Saving and Opposing Waste" to the "Guiding Opinions on Comprehensively Promoting the Reform of the Official Vehicle System", from the "Notice on Prohibiting the Meeting of Party and Government Organs to Scenic Spots" to "Party and Government "Standards for the Construction of Office Buildings for Institutions"...... The binding force of the system is constantly emerging, and the "iron plywood" has been added to the style construction, and the "screws" have been tightened.
Wang Jingbo believes that, overall, the management of the three public funds has become more and more refined and standardized, which is actually a very important achievement.
"The reason for the development in this direction is largely related to the reform of the financial system and the promotion of the information disclosure system, as well as the improvement of various supervision systems." Wang Jingbo said.
Zhu Lijia also commented that with the implementation of the performance appraisal system, the accuracy and refinement of the three public funds announced in the future will all increase simultaneously. After the introduction of the performance system, it is mainly for cost accounting issues, comparative analysis of input and output, to improve efficiency, "In this way, the government must publish where the three public funds are consumed, how much money is spent in each place, and how much money is spent. Otherwise, performance evaluation and cost accounting cannot be carried out. Therefore, performance evaluation is an important starting point for the refinement of the three public funds."
"After the introduction of the performance system, if the relevant conferences, training, etc. do not achieve the desired effect and promotion, the relevant departments will reduce the costs in this regard. In addition, the process of democratizing budget supervision should also be accelerated." Zhu Lijia It is recommended that first of all, the public funds should be as open and transparent as possible; secondly, the supervision of public opinion and the supervision of the people’s congresses at all levels should be strengthened, and the public funds should be included in the accounting system. "The reason for many government departments’ luxurious offices is that the accounting system of the public funds is not Very specific".
Zhuang Deshui also suggested that: improve budget capacity, control the total amount and scale; conduct process supervision; conduct structural and performance evaluation to see whether the expenditure of the three public funds has reached the expected political effects and goals.
Wang Jingbo added that in terms of the performance of the use of financial funds, it is necessary to further reduce its utilization rate in some inefficient areas. Because the situation in various places is not completely consistent, in some places with strong technical capabilities, government departments can make more use of some technical means. For example, during epidemic prevention and control, many places conduct online meetings. With information security guaranteed, online meetings obviously have lower administrative costs than renting conference rooms.
Cartography / Gao Yue