Preem ended up in the middle of the climate debate when it applied to expand its refinery in Lysekil, which according to the company would mean that the company's emissions increase by one million tonnes of carbon dioxide each year.

The company believes that the expansion - which is estimated to cost around SEK 15 billion if it becomes a reality - is a climate investment since it could then produce cleaner ship fuel. At the same time, the protests have been large from several environmental movements.

Collaboration with Chalmers

To reduce emissions from the Lysekil refinery, Preem is testing a facility for capturing carbon dioxide, so-called CCS technology. The company hopes for a full-scale facility in five years.

- Then emissions would be reduced by up to 500,000 tonnes, then you have the opportunity to switch on more plants, says Preem's project manager Karin Lundqvist.

The test facility is a collaboration with, among others, Chalmers. But the major challenge lies in the technology of capturing carbon dioxide. Instead, the question marks are several when it comes to shipping and trading of captured carbon dioxide.

Not clear who to pay

For example, today it is not allowed to carry carbon dioxide to Norway, where it is planned to pump it back into the seabed. It is also unclear how and who will pay for the storage of carbon dioxide. Something that critics often point to when it comes to CCS technology.

- We aim to reduce emissions. That's why we work actively with CCS, which is a puzzle piece to reduce emissions, says Preem's project manager Karin Lundqvist.

On Monday, an advance notice is expected from the Land and Environmental Court if Preem can obtain permission for the proposed extension. A final message should then be taken by the government.