Reporter Guo Yanzhong Correspondent Wang Yan Yu Lu

　　As the summer temperature rises, infants and young children become infected with hand, foot and mouth disease and enter a high incidence period. Professor Zeng Guang, chief scientist of epidemiology at the Chinese Center for Disease Control, recently said that the hand-foot-mouth disease transmission coefficient is as high as 4.2-6.5, which is three times that of the new coronavirus. Among the reported incidences of statutory infectious diseases in 2018, hand-foot-mouth disease ranked first with 2.376 million cases.

　　Recently, experts from Jiangsu Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Yangzhou University Affiliated Hospital and other hospitals said that hand-foot-mouth disease is a common infectious disease that is prone to high incidence in summer and autumn, and is highly contagious. A few serious diseases are even life-threatening.

　　Early symptoms are similar to flu

　　"Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease caused by enterovirus (EV) infection in children." Xu Jinmei, deputy chief physician of the Department of Pediatrics of the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, said that the main virus serotypes include Coxsackie virus (CV) Group A 4-7, 9, 10, 16 and Group B 1-3, 5 types, some serotypes of Escherichia virus and enterovirus type 71 (EV-A71), etc., among which CV-A16 and EV- A71 is the most common, and severe cases and deaths are mostly caused by EV-A71.

　　According to experts, hand-foot-mouth disease has a periodic epidemic trend, which is more common in summer and autumn. Infants aged 3 years or younger have the highest incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease and can cause local epidemics. From a clinical point of view, older children and adults sometimes "stroke" and should not be taken lightly.

　　Hand, foot and mouth disease is characterized by fever, skin herpes on the hands, feet, mouth, and buttocks, and may be accompanied by cough, runny nose, and loss of appetite. However, some cases only show rash or herpes angina, and some cases may not have rash. Typical rashes are maculopapular rash, papules, and herpes. There is inflammatory blush around the rash, less fluid in the herpes, no pain or itching, no scabs or scars when the rash recovers.

　　It should be noted that the fever, cough, and runny nose in the early symptoms of hand-foot-mouth disease are similar to the flu, and are easily overlooked. Xu Jinmei said: "Hand, foot and mouth disease and influenza are both viral infections. Both may have fever, cough, fatigue, runny nose, throat discomfort, and loss of appetite. However, the real typical symptoms are different, and hand, foot and mouth disease will appear. Rashes on the hands, feet, and mouth, and flu does not have this symptom."

　　The hidden infection is the main source of infection

　　Hand, foot and mouth disease is highly contagious. What is the source of infection? Xu Jinmei told reporters that children with hand-foot-mouth disease and people with recessive infections of hand-foot-mouth disease are the main sources of infection, and the hidden infection rate of hand-foot-mouth disease is high. Enteroviruses can easily survive in hot and humid environments, and can be widely spread through infected stool, throat secretions, saliva and herpes fluid.

　　"Hand, foot and mouth disease can be spread through close contact or respiratory droplets. It can cause infection through contact with virus-contaminated hands, towels, handkerchiefs, tooth cups, toys, tableware, milk utensils, bedding, underwear, etc.; drinking or ingestion Virus-contaminated water and food can also be infected. Especially when the child has a high fever and a rash, it is the most contagious." Xu Jinmei said that the susceptible people of hand-foot-mouth disease are infants and children, mainly preschool children . Therefore, families with young children should pay special attention.

　　Experts remind that no matter whether it is a school or a family, if it is found or diagnosed as hand, foot and mouth disease, it is not necessary to be too nervous, and the transmission route should be cut off immediately to achieve early isolation and early treatment. The patient should cooperate with the doctor to take the correct treatment according to the symptoms of different degrees. In particular, children at home should avoid contact with other children to reduce cross-infection. At the same time, the clothes of the children should be dried or disinfected in time, and the feces of the children should be disinfected in time.

　　In the high season, prevention and treatment should be the first

　　According to experts, many children are affected by hand, foot and mouth disease every year. Therefore, in this high season, you must always be vigilant and take the necessary precautions to keep children away from the virus.

　　How to prevent hand, foot and mouth disease? "General precautions: wash hands frequently, eat cooked food, drink boiled water, often ventilate, and sun." Xu Jinmei said that maintaining good personal hygiene is the key to preventing hand, foot and mouth disease. Wash your hands frequently, and don't let children drink raw water and eat cold food. Children's toys and items that are often in contact should be regularly cleaned and disinfected. Avoid close contact between children and children with HFMD.

　　Xu Jinmei told reporters that the most effective way to prevent hand, foot and mouth disease is to vaccinate. At present, the inactivated EV-A71 vaccine can be used in children aged 6 months to 5 years old to prevent hand-foot-mouth disease caused by EV-A71 infection. The basic immunization program is 2 doses, separated by 1 month. Encourage before 12 months of age Complete the vaccination. Inoculation of preventive vaccines, the protection rate can reach 95%. The protective effect of the vaccine will be slightly different due to individual differences, but timely vaccination can form an immune barrier in the population and can effectively prevent the occurrence of severe hand-foot-mouth disease.

　　Experts also stated that hospital infection control should be strengthened: medical institutions should actively do hospital infection prevention and control. Because a variety of enteroviruses can cause hand, foot and mouth disease, babies who have had a hand, foot and mouth disease may be infected with different viruses or different serotypes, causing multiple illnesses.