On the issue of making up for the shortcomings of building a well-off society in an all-round way
Xi Jinping
First, decisive progress has been made in building a well-off society in an all-round way. Since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Party, our party has made people's longing for a better life as its goal of struggle, overcome difficulties, forge ahead, and achieve historic achievements in building a well-off society in an all-round way. Since the Party Central Committee put forward the strategic concept of a well-off society at the beginning of reform and opening up, after several generations of consistent and continuous struggle, overall, my country has basically achieved the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way, with better results than originally expected. This important judgment is well-founded.
——In terms of comprehensive development indicators, my country's economic strength has risen sharply. In 2018, the total economic volume was 90 trillion yuan, and the per capita GDP was reduced to 9770 US dollars, ranking among the highest in the middle-income countries. From the perspective of human development index, my country ranked 86th among 189 countries and regions in the world in 2017. my country's urbanization rate is close to 60%, which is higher than the average of 52% in middle-income countries.
——From the perspective of people's living standards, the goal of doubling the per capita income of urban and rural residents in 2020, as determined by the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, can be achieved on schedule. The decisive battle against poverty has made decisive progress. By the end of 2018, there were still 16.6 million poor people in rural areas. Since the end of 2012, a cumulative reduction of 82.39 million has been recognized worldwide. my country has formed the world's largest middle-income group. If the annual household income is 100,000 to 500,000 yuan, it has exceeded 400 million people. In 2018, the Engel coefficient of national residents (the proportion of food in residents' consumption expenditure) has dropped to 28.4%. Household appliances have been widely popularized, and cars have quickly entered ordinary people ’s homes. In 2018, the number of household cars per 100 households in the country was 33, higher than that of Singapore and Hong Kong; housing conditions improved significantly. In 2017, the per capita housing construction area of urban and rural residents in China was 36.9 and 46.7 square meters, higher than some developed countries.
From May 11 to 12, 2020, Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, State President, and Chairman of the Central Military Commission, inspected Shanxi. This is the afternoon of May 11, Xi Jinping, at the skill training service station in Fangcheng New Village, Xiping Town, Yunzhou District, Datong City, to check the display of related products of Huanghua Industry. Xinhua News Agency reporter Xie Huanchi / photo
——In terms of infrastructure and public services, nine-year compulsory education has been universalized, and higher education is entering the popularization stage from the popularization stage. The gross enrollment rate has reached 48.1% in 2018. A social security system covering urban and rural residents has been basically established, with an average life expectancy of 76.7 years in 2017, 4.2 years higher than the world average life expectancy. The proportion of rural residents in my country accessing electricity is 100% (2016), and the proportion of people drinking safe water is 95.8% (2015), which are much higher than the world average of 87.4% and 71%.
The international community generally appreciates my country's development achievements and believes that China is a "top student" of developing countries. This confirms that our country's development level and people's living standards are real.
Second, correctly understand the shortcomings faced by the comprehensive construction of a well-off society. At present, there are some shortcomings in building a well-off society in an all-round way. The Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China clarified the new requirements for building a well-off society in an all-round way. This is our standard of measurement, and it is not appropriate to make any adjustments. We must focus on the weaknesses of shortcomings and implement precise tackling. We must grasp the following relations in our work.
One is to grasp the relationship between overall goals and individual goals. Building a well-off society in an all-round way is the country ’s overall goal. To achieve GDP and per capita income of urban and rural residents by 2020 will double that of 2010. It does not mean that all regions, all cities, counties, and all people will double by then. Different regions and different groups of people will reach the national average at the same time. my country's development is unbalanced. It is normal for urban-rural, regional, and income gaps to exist, and a comprehensive well-off is not egalitarian. In this regard, we must unify our understanding and widely publicize the ideology.
The second is to grasp the relationship between absolute standards and relative standards. Some of the requirements for the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way are absolute indicators, such as poverty alleviation, which means that under the current standards, the rural poor will achieve poverty alleviation, all poverty-stricken counties will remove their hats, and solve the overall regional poverty. The current standard refers to the annual standard of living of rural residents per person below 2300 yuan (the same price in 2010), which is consistent with the requirement of "two guarantees and three guarantees". At the same time, there are many relative indicators, such as environmental improvement, which require the proportion of inferior V water bodies to be less than 5%. Such indicators will continue to improve in the future.
The third is to grasp the relationship between quantitative analysis and qualitative judgment. The comprehensive construction of a well-off society and the completion of the "13th Five-Year Plan" are consistent in terms of time. It can be said that the completion of the main targets of the 13th Five-Year Plan has also achieved the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way. To measure the completion of a well-off society in an all-round way, it is necessary not only to look at the quantitative indicators, but also to fully consider the actual living conditions and sense of reality of the people.
On the basis of the scientific assessment of progress, we must carefully sort out the outstanding shortcomings and hard tasks that must be completed in order to fully build a well-off society.
From the perspective of the crowd, it is mainly the elderly, the weak, the sick and the poor. Among the current rural poor population, 40.7% and 20.2% of the poor are due to disability, and 18.5% are poor elderly people over the age of 65. Most of them do not have the ability and conditions for self-development. In contrast to the requirements of "two no worries and three guarantees", the four issues are more prominent: one is the problem of not seeing or seeing the disease; the second is the problem of children dropping out of school in poor families; the third is the problem that some poor people still live in dilapidated houses; More than 1 million poor people have not solved the problem of drinking water safety.
From a regional perspective, it is mainly a region of deep poverty. Three conditions should be paid attention to: First, the "three districts and three states" area, the poor population is relatively concentrated, the natural conditions are extremely bad, and the task of tackling poverty is the heaviest, which is the "shortcoming in the short board." The second is the deep poverty counties in the central and western regions other than the "three districts and three states". These areas are mostly old revolutionary base areas and border areas, with a large proportion of poor people and weak infrastructure. The third is that some areas that have been lifted out of poverty but have a higher risk of returning to poverty are mostly areas where development is lagging seriously and the ecology is very fragile. The industrial foundation is generally weak, and the results of poverty alleviation may be lost.
From March 29 to April 1, 2020, Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, State President, and Chairman of the Central Military Commission, inspected Zhejiang. This is March 31. Xi Jinping inspected the wetland protection and utilization in Hangzhou Xixi National Wetland Park. Xinhua News Agency reporter Yan Yan / photo
From the perspective of the field, the shortcomings are mainly obvious in the ecological environment, public services and infrastructure. The task of air pollution control in key areas is arduous, heavy pollution weather occurs in autumn and winter, the ecological protection and restoration tasks in the Yangtze River Basin are arduous, and the problems of urban black and smelly water bodies and dirty rural environment are outstanding. The education and medical services in the poor areas are weak. Infrastructure in poor areas, such as water and electricity, is in poor condition, and many places have failed to get through the "last mile." In addition, risks in the financial and other fields still need to be further prevented and controlled.
Third, the next key tasks and work requirements. It is now less than two years before the completion of a well-off society in an all-round way, and we must concentrate our superior forces to fight annihilation.
One is to comprehensively complete the task of tackling poverty. We must work hard together and fight continuously, with more powerful measures and more detailed work, to ensure that the task of poverty alleviation is fully completed. It is necessary to avoid impetuous emotions, keep the goal unchanged and keep the bullseye open, focus the focus of poverty alleviation on the deepest poverty-stricken areas, and on the basis of the general realization of the "two no worries", focus on conquering the last bastion of the "three guarantees". We must resolutely overcome problems such as "digital" poverty alleviation and "target" poverty alleviation, and effectively prevent poverty alleviation households from returning to poverty and marginal households from leaving behind.
From January 19 to 21, 2020, Xi Jinping, general secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, State President, and Chairman of the Central Military Commission, came to Yunnan to visit the cadres and masses of all ethnic groups and extend Chinese New Year blessings to the people of the country. This is the afternoon of the 19th. Xi Jinping inspected Li Fashun, a villager of the Smola Wa village in Zhongzhai Village, Sanjia Village, Qingshui Township, Tengchong City, to understand the living environment. Xinhua News Agency reporter Xie Huanchi / photo
The second is to solve the outstanding problems of environmental pollution in key areas. It is necessary to fight the tough battle of pollution prevention and control and achieve the phased target by 2020. We must focus on the air pollution control in key areas such as Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, strengthen the ecological protection of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, resolutely control the "scattered pollution" enterprises, promote clean heating in the northern region, and pay close attention to solving urban black and odorous water bodies, garbage disposal, industrial and mining enterprises pollution, Motor vehicle emission pollution and other outstanding urban environment problems. It is necessary to comprehensively carry out rural garbage and sewage treatment, toilet revolution, village appearance improvement, etc., and promote the obvious improvement of the rural human settlement environment.
The third is to accelerate the work of the people's livelihood. We must increase investment in areas such as compulsory education, basic medical care, housing and drinking water safety, child care and old-age care, and solve some urgent real-world problems such as the difficulty of going to school, looking down on illness, and living in dilapidated houses. It is necessary to strengthen the construction of infrastructures such as rural water supply and communication, and the renovation of dilapidated houses, and establish and improve a care service system for left-behind children, women, and the elderly in rural areas. It is necessary to promote the unification of poverty alleviation and relocation in the ex situ, follow-up industrial development, and social governance.
The fourth is to improve the social insurance pocket mechanism. It is necessary to improve the minimum living security system and comprehensively use social security, social assistance, social welfare and other security and relief measures for the poor, incapable of working, such as the elderly, the weak, the sick, and the disabled, so as to realize the full guarantee and ensure that the basic life is covered. All poor people should be included in the scope of urban and rural residents' basic medical insurance, critical illness insurance, and medical assistance, and the system for protecting critical illnesses should be improved to solve the problem of poverty caused by illness. At the same time, we must plug the loophole to prevent fraud and laziness.
Building a well-off society in an all-round way involves all aspects, but making up for shortcomings is a hard task. Party committees and governments at all levels must conscientiously fulfill their main responsibilities, and leading cadres at all levels must set their goals, be practical, and unite and lead the unremitting efforts of the broad masses of the people. There are differences in the development level of various regions, and the work of completing the construction of a well-off society in the final stage should also have its own focus. The underdeveloped areas in the central and western regions, especially the concentrated contiguous destitute areas and the deeply impoverished areas, should continue to concentrate their superior forces to firmly gnaw hard bones and complete hard tasks. Regions with relatively better development levels in the central and western regions should complete the remaining poverty alleviation tasks according to the planned deployment, consolidate the achievements of poverty alleviation, and enhance sustainability. Some areas in the east have a relatively high level of development, and it is also a hard task to build on the current development to basically realize modernization, while continuing to do a good job in poverty alleviation and counterpart support. It is necessary to guide the whole society to correctly understand the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way, to objectively and truly reflect the shortcomings and deficiencies that still exist, to prevent unrealistically high appetite, and to avoid blind comparisons. We must respond to social concerns in a timely manner, form good expectations, and strengthen development confidence.
At present, we must not only run the "last mile" for the comprehensive construction of a well-off society, but also take advantage of the momentum to start a new journey to build a socialist modernized country. It is necessary to formulate the "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan" in conjunction with research, to plan for the development after the comprehensive construction of a well-off society, and to achieve the organic convergence of the "two hundred years" struggle goals.
This is part of General Secretary Xi Jinping's speech at the fourth meeting of the Central Finance Committee on April 22, 2019.