This year is the decisive year to win the blue sky defense battle-
Increase the difficulty of pollution control
2020 is the decisive year to win the battle of blue sky defense. Adhering to the same direction and undiminished strength is the main theme of winning the battle of blue sky defense this year. At present, the “14th Five-Year Plan” special plan for the prevention and control of air pollution has been launched. It will focus more on precise pollution control, scientific pollution control, and legal pollution control. The purpose of designing is not only to focus on improving the air quality of the atmosphere, but also to meet the people ’s expectations for a sense of blue sky and a better life, but also to connect with the fundamental change in air quality in 2035 proposed by the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.
This year is the decisive year to win the blue sky defense battle. In accordance with the decision and deployment of the Party Central Committee, adhere to the same direction, undiminished strength, adhere to scientific, precise and legal pollution control, continue to promote the optimization and adjustment of industrial structure, energy structure, transportation structure and land use structure, and coordinate economic development and environmental protection The continuous improvement of national air quality is the main theme of winning the blue sky defense battle this year.
Every project is a "difficult bite"
"At present, air pollution control has entered a critical period. To achieve a successful conclusion of the three-year action plan to win the blue sky defense battle, there are still many challenges." Liu Bingjiang, director of the atmospheric environment department of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, said.
The first is that the PM2.5 concentration is still relatively high. Although PM2.5 has generally declined throughout the country this year, the PM2.5 concentration in the "2 + 26" cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is still relatively high.
Secondly, ozone pollution gradually appeared, and the increase in ozone concentration gradually became an important factor influencing the number of good days after PM2.5. From July to September last year, the meteorological conditions of high temperature and less rain in many provinces across the country led to a significant increase in ozone concentration year-on-year, and the number of days exceeding the standard increased significantly. If similar meteorological conditions reappear this summer, it will have a greater impact on achieving the goal of a good number of days.
In addition, structural adjustment is more difficult. With the deepening of air pollution control work, the terminal control space and emission reduction potential are getting smaller and smaller, and the focus of future work will gradually shift to structural optimization and adjustment. At present, my country's industrial structure is relatively heavy, the energy structure is coal, the transportation structure is highway, and the land structure is extensive. The problems have not been fundamentally changed.
"Macroscopically, these structural optimization and adjustment tasks are important measures to promote high-quality development, stimulate effective investment, fill shortcomings, and achieve a win-win situation between the economy and the environment; 'Bone'. "Liu Bingjiang said.
The reporter learned that the focus of this year's victory in the battle to defend the blue sky will focus on four aspects: One is the classification and guidance of precise policies. On the basis of the three key regions, strengthen the focus on the Northeast region, the border region of Ningshan, Shanxi and Jinzhou in Inner Mongolia, the border region of Jiangsu, Anhui and Luyu. Put autumn and winter as the key PM2.5 control period, and summer as the key ozone control period. The second is to implement key pollution control projects. Actively promote the cooperative emission reduction of VOCs and NOx, increase the comprehensive treatment of VOCs and industrial furnaces in key industries, and strengthen the prevention and control of mobile source pollution. Fully promote the "2 + 26" rural areas in the urban plain area to complete three major projects, such as coal-to-clean energy reform, ultra-low emissions from iron and steel enterprises, and the construction of special railway lines for bulk cargo transportation enterprises, which not only promotes air quality improvement, but also helps drive economic growth. The third is to strengthen regional joint prevention and joint control and response to heavy pollution weather. The fourth is to strengthen supervision and enforcement of air pollution prevention and control.
There will be an upgraded version of the Blue Sky Defense War
Liu Bingjiang said that since the start of the Blue Sky Defence Campaign, national air quality improvement has achieved significant results, but these goals are staged, and it will take a long time for all cities across the country to reach the 35 microgram / cubic meter standard. It can be said clearly that the Blue Sky Defence War will continue to be fought, and an upgraded version of the Blue Sky Defence War Action Plan is also being formulated.
According to reports, the “14th Five-Year Plan” special plan for the prevention and control of air pollution that has been launched will highlight more precise pollution control, scientific pollution control, and legal pollution control, and adhere to problem-oriented and goal-oriented guidance.
In terms of goal setting, continuing the ideas of the "Ten Atmospheres" and the "Three-Year Action Plan for the Blue Sky Defence Warfare", the goals are mainly designed to improve air quality and reduce emissions of major pollutants, focusing on improving air quality as the core, Satisfying the people's expectation of a sense of blue sky and a better life, it is also connected with the fundamental change in air quality in 2035 proposed by the 19th National Congress of the Party. At the same time, the ozone problem has become more prominent in recent years, so in the plan, emission reduction targets will be designed for the two precursors of ozone, VOCs and NOx.
In terms of key initiatives, including: further highlighting the space, time period, industry areas and pollutants of key management and control, strengthening the coordinated control of PM2.5 and ozone; actively promoting the four major structural adjustment and optimization of industry, energy, transportation and land use, especially for Special requirements for comprehensive treatment of furnaces and VOCs; further research and improvement of the key areas of air pollution prevention and control during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, strengthening of regional joint prevention and joint control and response to heavy pollution weather; further improvement of environmental monitoring and law enforcement supervision capabilities, and promotion of atmospheric environmental management Modernize systems and governance capabilities.
Zeroing loose coal is a rigid task
In recent years, clean heating has been highly concerned by all sectors of society. On the one hand, it has received rave reviews, and on the other hand, the voice of controversy and doubt has never stopped. It is one of the most difficult tasks to promote air pollution control.
Rural bulk coal does not undergo any treatment, and the emission of atmospheric pollutants from burning one ton of coal is equivalent to more than ten times that of power plants. Practice has proved that clean coal heating to gas and coal to electricity is the only way to improve air quality in developed countries. In my country, coal-to-gas and coal-to-electricity reforms were first promoted in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas, gradually expanding to the Fenwei Plain, from 2 cities to 12 cities, and now covering 39 cities in the two regions.
In the process of promoting clean heating, adhere to local conditions. According to different winter temperatures, some provinces mainly convert coal to gas, some provinces mainly convert coal to electricity, and concentrated use of biomass. The city and surrounding areas are more Relying on the expansion of the thermal power plant's pipe network for bulk coal treatment. After evaluation, the contribution rate of coal-to-gas and coal-to-electricity to PM2.5 decline has reached more than one-third, and the environmental benefits are obvious.
Liu Bingjiang said that the central government has given strong support to coal-to-gas and coal-to-electricity reforms, and local governments have also given great support. "It is a rigid task to clear the scattered coal in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, and surrounding areas, and the Fenwei Plain. In the next step, we will continue to make unswerving efforts to ensure that the scattered coal in the rural areas of Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, and the surrounding areas before the 2020 heating season is basically Clear it. "
Improving air quality in areas of high concern as soon as possible
In this year's Ministry of Ecology and Environment air pollution control work arrangement, the border area of Jiangsu, Anhui, Lu and Yu has become a high-concern area for accurate guidance by classification.
"Su Anlu and Yuyu are the connecting belts between the Yangtze River Delta and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei key atmospheric governance areas. The air pollution problems that the Yangtze River Delta and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei surrounding areas are striving to solve are very effective. The problem of air pollution has become apparent. "Liu Bingjiang said.
In terms of location, on the one hand, the characteristics of the interannual and interannual changes of atmospheric pollutant concentrations in the cities of the region are similar, the heavily polluted weather process is highly consistent, and it has typical regional pollution characteristics. On the other hand, the area is close to the "2 + 26" city and the Yangtze River Delta area, and there are obvious transmission effects between the two key areas.
From the perspective of pollution degree, the border area between Jiangsu, Anhui, Shandong and Henan has become one of the most polluted areas in the country, showing significant compound pollution characteristics. PM2.5 pollution is serious in autumn and winter, and ozone pollution is prominent in summer.
From the perspective of basic emissions, the structural problems in the region are prominent, and the basic emissions are large. In terms of industrial structure, the region has concentrated nearly 80 million tons of steel, 40 million tons of coking, 140 million tons of cement, and 110 million tons of petrochemical production capacity. In terms of energy structure, the total coal consumption in the region amounts to 320 million tons, and the coal consumption intensity per unit area is equivalent to that of the "2 + 26" cities. Half of the cities consume more than 10 million tons of coal. In terms of transportation structure, the logistics industry in the region is well-developed, but road transportation is the mainstay. The railway freight volume is less than 7%. There are more than 2.4 million diesel trucks, which is equivalent to the number of "2 + 26" cities (3 million). In terms of land use structure, the management of road dust and mining dust is not in place, and the average dust reduction far exceeds the Yangtze River Delta area. These structural problems have led to a large amount of basic air pollutant emissions in the region, which is difficult to control.
From a management point of view, the air pollution control work in this area started late and the foundation is weak, and it has become a depression for air pollution control and environmental supervision. Some cities have not yet systematically organized the compilation of emission source lists and the analysis of pollution sources, and some cities have not adequately supervised corporate environmental violations.
"Combining the above factors, we will promote the establishment of a joint air pollution prevention and control mechanism in 22 cities in the border area of Jiangsu, Anhui, Lu and Henan this year. On the one hand, we must work together to manage and act together to form a strong joint force; Improve the level of governance, increase the intensity of governance, and ultimately achieve accelerated improvement of air quality throughout the region. "Liu Bingjiang said.
Cao Hongyan, reporter of Economic Daily · China Economic Net