On May 18, at a press conference on the prevention and control of the new coronavirus pneumonia epidemic in Beijing, the Xicheng District Health and Health Commission informed the 33 people in a certain unit of the district of the situation of fever. After overnight investigations, these 33 people ruled out new coronary pneumonia. The clinical diagnosis of 33 patients was based on "bacterial respiratory tract infection". In the detection of multiple pathogens in the respiratory tract, many people were positive for group A hemolytic streptococcus.
How does group A hemolytic streptococcus spread? Is it new bacteria? Who is easily infected? Today, the Beijing Center for Disease Control gave an authoritative explanation.
Let's focus on the following:
What is group A hemolytic streptococcus?
Key to answer: Common pathogens like to "settle" in the upper respiratory tract oropharyngeal mucosa epithelium and skin epidermis
Group A hemolytic streptococcus is a common human pathogen. The only important biological host known at present is humans, and in non-human primates and other mammals, occasional or very rare natural infections may occur. The main colonization sites of group A hemolytic streptococci include the upper respiratory tract oropharyngeal mucosa epithelium and skin epidermal surface layer. Group A hemolytic streptococci have no known meaningful environmental storage.
What are the transmission routes?
Key to answer: droplet spread and contact spread can also spread with patients sharing cups and cutlery
The main transmission routes are droplet transmission and contact transmission. Contact transmission includes touching mucous membranes such as mouth or nose after touching contaminated objects; sharing cups and tableware with patients; and contacting skin ulcers caused by group A streptococci. Sometimes it can also be infected by eating contaminated food.
Who is susceptible?
Key to answer: The most common place where children are crowded is the place where the epidemic of epidemics is high
Children from 5 to 15 years old are the most common; followed by parents of school-age children and other adults who have frequent contact with children. Schools, child care institutions, centralized office premises, nursing homes and other crowded places are the places where group A hemolytic streptococcus cluster epidemic outbreaks are frequent.
What are the clinical manifestations?
Key to answer: Common infections include pharyngitis, scarlet fever, pneumonia, skin abscess, etc.
The incubation period is generally 2-5 days. Common infectious diseases caused by group A hemolytic streptococcus are pharyngitis, scarlet fever, pneumonia, skin abscess, etc. Repeated infections can be secondary to rheumatic fever, rheumatic heart disease, rheumatoid arthritis, acute glomerulonephritis, etc. Immune diseases. Infrequent cases of invasive infections mainly cause sepsis, toxic shock syndrome and necrotizing fasciitis. Mild cases can lead to limb necrosis and amputation, and individual patients can cause death if left untreated.
How to treat?
Key to answer: symptomatic treatment of penicillin and cephalosporins works
Under the guidance of a physician, symptomatic treatment can be used, and β-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin and cephalosporin, are preferred.
How to prevent it?
Answer: At present, there is no vaccine, frequent ventilation, frequent hand washing and wearing masks
There is currently no vaccine to prevent it. Take the following measures to reduce the risk of infection:
Ventilation and disinfection: It is recommended that rooms and workplaces be ventilated at least 2-3 times a day for at least 30 minutes each time. Keep warm during ventilation. The use of air conditioning and ventilation system should pay attention to disinfection and cleaning.
Hand hygiene: Do hand hygiene, especially after going out, wash your hands with soap and running water for at least 20 seconds after coughing or sneezing, before and after meals, and when processing food.
Wear masks: Wear masks in confined spaces and places where people gather, especially when visiting a hospital or in contact with other patients.
Pay attention to cough etiquette: when coughing or sneezing, cover your mouth and nose with a tissue; if you do n’t have a tissue, cover your sleeves or elbows.
The summer weather is hot, the temperature is high, the humidity is high, the pathogenic microorganisms multiply faster, the food is prone to spoilage and deterioration, and bacterial food poisoning and intestinal infectious diseases are prone to occur. Therefore, we must pay attention to cleanliness and hygiene during food preparation and food preservation to avoid food poisoning.
Timely medical treatment: Once symptoms such as fever or rash are found, patients should wear masks and go to the hospital in time to avoid going to work or school.
Reporter Jia Xiaohong