As corona19 in China in late 2019 spread to the world, the number of confirmers per day is increasing by more than 100,000. According to the count of Johns Hopkins University, as of May 15, at 10 pm, Corona19 had a global presence of 4.46 million, and 38,000 deaths.
After five months of corona in Wuhan, China, at the end of last year, Corona19, which spread from Iran and Italy to the Middle East and Europe, is also rising in South America and Africa, following the United States. Corona19 is also spreading rapidly in Singapore, Indonesia and India.
As the number of new corona19 diagnoses has decreased and China and South Korea, which have entered a phase of termination, are increasing again, corona19 is now said to be settled as a type of endemic disease such as malaria or dengue fever.
"The virus could be another endemic to our society," said Michael Ryan, WHO deputy director of emergency preparedness at a video briefing on the 13th. HIV hasn't disappeared, but it's possible to find and cure treatments and treatments, and now you're not afraid as you used to, providing a long and healthy life for people living with HIV, not comparing the two diseases, but realistically. I don't think anyone can predict when this disease (corona19) will go away or really go away, of course there's hope, if you can develop a very effective vaccine and distribute it to someone who needs it, get rid of it. The vaccine is very effective for this. You have to be an enemy and be able to supply enough. "
On the 14th, WHO chief scientist, Soumya Swaminathan, said at the Financial Times Global Burn Seminar in the UK, "It may take 4-5 years to combat the Corona19 virus."
Although there is a high expectation for the development of the Corona 19 vaccine, it still needs to be studied more accurately about the corona 19-induced disease and corona 19 itself, and it is interpreted as a statement considering the situation in which the vaccine will not cause any side effects.
Endemic is an infectious disease that occurs periodically in a limited area, epidemic is an infectious disease that spreads over a relatively wide area as the epidemic spreads rapidly, and pandemic is an epidemic that goes beyond epidemic. It is the highest level of the World Health Organization's (WHO) infectious disease warning level.
Corona 19, which was announced after WHO confirmed 124,000 people in 121 countries and 4,585 people died in 3 months after the onset of March 11, is now a difficult disease to fight together. It is predicted that it can be established as the same infectious disease.
Vaccines and drugs from governments, pharmaceutical companies, and research institutes are desperately needed as vaccines and drugs are needed to fight Corona 19, as countries around the world are lifting the blockade at the risk of the second spread of corona 19 vaccine this summer . Development competition is fierce.
However, there are still no cure or vaccines to combat Corona 19 completely. Vaccine experts say that vaccine development usually takes at least 12 to 18 months.
On May 1st, the U.S. FDA approved Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for rendesivir, an antiviral drug from Gilead Science. This is based on clinical trials that showed remedy in 11 days as a result of administering remedyvir to Corona19 patients. The treatment period was 4 days earlier than the non-dose patients. The Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) means that it can be used for patients admitted to Corona 19 at a US hospital, although it has not been officially approved.
Infectious disease experts and scientists say that even though Remedyvir is approved for full use, Corona19 treatment will require several complex treatments to protect the cardiovascular, nervous system, digestive organs, and other human organs.
CNBC in the US introduced the current status of Corona 19 vaccine development by US pharmaceutical companies in a special article on May 13. Modena, which is at the forefront of vaccine development, has announced that it plans to complete the first phase 1 clinical trial, phase 2 clinical trials later this month or next month, and complete the Corona 19 vaccine as early as July.
Innovio, which is conducting the second human clinical trial following Modena, Johnson & Johnson, Pfizer, Sanofi and Glaxosmicline (GSK), Novabox ( Novavax) and others have announced plans to complete vaccine development as early as this summer and at the latest in the first half of next year.
The U.S. health authorities plan to use existing drugs, such as remedyvir, as Corona19 emergency treatments, until vaccines are developed.
Here are the current developments of Corona19 vaccines and treatments by global pharmaceutical companies reported by CNBC.
<Vaccine>
● Modena: mRNA, Phase 1 clinical trials Completed during Phase 2 clinical trials, the
National Institutes of Health (NIH) is working on a rapid development project for the bio-company Moderna and Corona19 vaccine. Modena conducted Phase 1 clinical trials in 45 applicants in March, and Phase 2 trials in 600 patients in late June or June were also approved. It is expected that if it is smoothly promoted, it will be able to produce vaccines in July.
Moderna's vaccine contains a laboratory-generated genetic material called messenger RNA (mRNA). This mRNA was found in the corona virus envelope as a genetic code that directs cells to produce proteins. Antibody responses are induced by directing cells to make proteins similar to coronavirus.
• Johnson & Johnson: Modified adenovirus, pre-clinical
Johnson & Johnson began developing the Corona 19 vaccine in January. Johnson & Johnson announced in March that it will enter the first phase of clinical trials by September and that clinical results will be available by the end of this year. The company said that if vaccine development progresses smoothly, it will be able to produce vaccines that can be dosed from 600 million to 900 million times in April 2021.
Johnson and Johnson said they are using the technology used to develop the Ebola vaccine, which was supplied to the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2019. The technique involves combining genetic material from the coronavirus with a modified adenovirus known to cause colds in humans.
● Inovio Pharceutical: INO-4800, Phase 1 clinical trial Innobio
began clinical trials on vaccine candidates on April 6th. It is the second most influential Corona19 vaccine after Modena. We plan to conduct clinical trials with resources from 40 healthy adults in Pennsylvania and Missouri, USA, and we expect that data on immune response and safety will be available late this summer. Innovio made a vaccine by injecting genetic material from coronavirus into synthetic DNA, and it is hoped that this material will cause an immune response to form antibodies.
a Corona vaccine developed by researchers at Oxford University during the first phase of clinical trials, began the first phase of clinical trials on April 23. British Chancellor Matt Hancock said it will provide $ 24.5 million for the Oxford vaccine development project. Researchers at Oxford University said they are conducting clinical trials in 600 people around the world, and that their goal is to produce a vaccine that can be administered 1 million times by September.
The vaccine developed by researchers at Oxford University is ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, a type of recombinant viral vector vaccine. Like Johnson and Johnson, researchers at Oxford University are trying to provoke an immune response by injecting genetic material from the coronavirus into another, modified virus.
● Pfizer: BNT162, the
largest pharmaceutical company during clinical trials Pfizer launched a vaccine test to combat Corona 19 in the United States on May 5, along with German pharmaceutical company BioNTech. Headquartered in the United States, Pfizer hopes to produce vaccines that can be administered millions of times by the end of the year, and expects to produce vaccines that can be administered hundreds of millions next year. Pfizer's candidate vaccine uses mRNA like Moderna. mRNA is a genetic code that directs the production of certain substances in cells. In this experiment, it is directed to make antibodies that cause an immune response against coronavirus.
Sanofi and GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) announced on April 14 that they will jointly develop a Corona 19 vaccine. The two companies plan to conduct clinical trials in the second half of this year and, if successful, will produce a vaccine that can be dosed 600 million times next year. For vaccine development, Sanofi plans to use SARS vaccine candidates that have been developed and not on the market, and GSK will provide assistive technologies to improve the immune response of the vaccine.
Novax: NVX-CoV2373, pre-clinical stage
Nova Vax discovered vaccine candidates on April 8, and announced that the first results will be released in July, which will begin clinical trials in May. . A candidate vaccine called NVX-CoV2373 utilizes an assistive technology that neutralizes the spike protein on the viral surface that the corona virus uses to penetrate cells.
● Gilead Science: Remedyvir approved for emergency use The
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Remedyvir for emergency use of Corona19 on May 1st. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has reported the results of corona19 patients who took Remdecivir recovered faster than those who did not. Although it has been approved for emergency use for remedyvir, several clinical trials have been conducted, such as whether it is effective in suppressing corona virus proliferation.
Remdecivir has also been shown to be effective in the treatment of coronavirus-induced SARS and MERS. Health officials such as the United States and China have been using remedyvir, which has been developed to treat Ebola, to treat Corona19. Gilead Sciences expects to be able to produce remdesivir, which can dose 140,000 times on a 10-day treatment basis by the end of this month, and remdesivir, which can treat 1 million times by the end of the year.
hydroxychloroquine during clinical trials , is a decades-old treatment for malaria that President Trump boasted of as a 'game changer'.
The drug has been shown to be effective in treating lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, but not in corona19. The results of a study administered to patients in Corona in France and China have sparked hope that it could help treat Corona19. However, Haridoxychloroquine, now available as a generic drug and also produced by the French pharmaceutical company Sanofi under the name plaquenyl, can cause serious side effects such as muscle weakness and arrhythmia.
Hydroxychloroquine has been shown to cause problems in patients' heartbeats, and the FDA warns against use outside hospitals or clinical trial environments.
On March 24, a large-scale clinical trial of hydroxychloroquine was conducted at the Langon Medical Center at New York University. However, the results of more than 10 experiments conducted in the United States were unsuccessful.
A study conducted by the New York Health Department in collaboration with Albany University found that hydroxychloroquine did not help corona patients. In particular, studies have shown that when used with azithromycin, which is known to accelerate recovery in France, the probability of heart attack is greatly increased.
● Zhejiang Hisun Pharmaceutical: Fabipiravir, a mid-stage clinical trial,
Favipiravir is a flu drug marketed by Fujifilm Holding under the name Avigan. Chinese researchers tested whether the drug is effective in treating Corona19. The preclinical data of Fabiviravir are related to the treatment of flu and Ebola. However, according to Japanese researchers, papyviravir is known to have a wide range of actions against RNA viruses.
● Regeneron and Sanofi: During the clinical trials,
Regeneron and Sanofi began clinical trials in March to administer corona19 patients with rheumatoid arthritis treatment, Kebraza. Quebraza is known to block the mechanism of inflammation in the lungs of patients with severe corona19.
The company said last month that Kebraza worked for severe corona19 patients, but not for those with less severe symptoms. As a result, trials with mild patients were discontinued.
Eli Lilly: Baricitinib, during clinical trials,
Eli Lilly, together with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), is examining whether varicitinib, a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis, is also effective in treating coronavirus. . The company believes that the anti-inflammatory effect of varicitinib will help suppress the human response of coronavirus.
Ellie Lily, AstraZeneca, and Risenerone: Antibody Treatment Unlike other pharmaceutical companies trying to find vaccines, Ellie Lily, AstraZeneca and Risenerone can act as defenses when exposed to viruses like human immune cells. The so-called antibody therapy is being developed. Earlier this month, Regeneron said the treatment could be used late or fall this summer.
[Report file] Will Corona 19 vaccine come out this summer? WHO "May be impossible to fight"
2020-05-17T02:40:18.446Z
As corona19 in China in late 2019 spread to the world, the number of confirmers per day is increasing by more than 100,000. According to the count of Johns Hopkins University, as of May 15, at 10 pm, Corona19 had a global presence of 4.46 million, and 38,000 deaths.
Source: sbskr