Explore to solve the ecological problems of rivers and lakes from the root
[Green governance, these cities do this]
About 20 miles northeast of Suzhou Shihu, Jiangsu, in the alley of Pingjiang Road in the old city, comment on Dingdong. Outside the flower window, the cruise ship dangled in the small river. Tourists leaned down curiously and found that there are "a lot of fish in a string" in the clear small river. 15 miles east of Pingjiang Road, the Suzhou Industrial Park, known as "Ocean Suzhou", has lights flashing on the shore of Jinji Lake and a 14-kilometer walkway around the lake, making it a good place for citizens to exercise and relax. Both viewing and fitness, the beauty in the circle of friends is the beauty, but also the satisfaction of a happy life.
Smart Suzhou really makes people forget about it. It is a "paradise" of water. The river network is densely covered, with 353 lakes, more than 20,000 rivers, and a water area of 3,205 square kilometers. It is known as the "Oriental Water City".
"Yijiang Qingshui" is a test mark for Suzhou to practice ecological civilization. Ecology needs to be protected and economy needs to be developed. How can we achieve "combination of economic development and ecological protection"? Suzhou innovatively implements the "addition, subtraction, multiplication and division" to systematically and comprehensively promote the co-administration of the Yangtze River, Taihu Lake, Yangcheng Lake, Qiputang, Wangyu River and tributary banks. The conversion channel between Yinshan takes a new path of ecological priority and green development.
Fang Shinan, a distinguished professor at Suzhou University and the chief expert of Soochow Think Tank of Suzhou University, believes that Suzhou uses construction "subtraction" instead of ecological "addition" to do "division" on extensive growth and "multiplication" on development quality to promote high economic growth. Quality development, this is to explore the roots to solve the ecological problems of rivers and lakes, so that future generations can enjoy the ecological space forever.
"Smashing cages for green" layout new industries
"Oriental Water City" was also overshadowed. Under the development model that used to be "a hero based on GDP", Suzhou's land development and utilization intensity is close to 30% of the international warning line, and the conflict between people and land is prominent. In 2009, inferior Class V water in the surface water function area reached 45.7%. In 2014, the city ’s waste water discharge reached a peak of 1.4 billion tons. In 2016, 932 black and odorous water bodies were detected in the city.
The leadership team in Suzhou is in deep contemplation, the economy has gone up, but the environment has become worse. Where does "development for the people" actually manifest? We must be problem-oriented, take water environment improvement as an important yardstick to test the satisfaction of the people, coordinate the management of mountains, rivers, forests, lakes and grass systems, and return the sight of the beautiful rivers and lakes where the people have clear waters and green shores.
On April 24, 2017, Suzhou City issued the "Implementation Plan on Comprehensively Deepening the Reform of the River System". The plan is clear. By 2020, the compliance rate of the city's water function zones will reach 82%, and the urban and township domestic sewage treatment rates will reach 98 respectively. %, 92%, the rural sewage treatment rate increased from 80% to 85%. Experts pointed out that this is not a simple digital change, but reflects the change of Suzhou's development concept of "consciousness transformation, development transformation, and ecological improvement".
Suzhou city has twisted the "bull nose" of water control from the system. Take the ecological environment quality as the red line of responsibility of the district, county, and street party committees and governments, and incorporate the river system into the key special work promoted by the municipal party committee or city government or carry out special assessments for urgent, difficult, dangerous, and dangerous tasks. Effectively shoulder the responsibility of guarding the rivers and lakes. As of the end of April 2019, the city has set up 5,106 rivers and lakes at all levels, and each river and lake has a “parent”.
The change in the "iron yellow sand" fate reflects the change in the development philosophy of the local government. "Tiehuangsha" is a Changjiang beach in Changshu. Because of its superior geographical location, it was once considered to have the natural advantage of building a deep-water port. For this reason, Changshu City had planned to build "iron yellow sand" into a modern logistics base. However, as the Yangtze River Economic Belt proclaimed that "together to protect the country and not to develop it", the fate of the "iron yellow sand" has once again ushered in a turning point. Since 2017, Changshu has formulated the "Changshu City Work Plan for Strengthening the Ecological Environmental Protection of the Yangtze River Basin" to further strengthen the green development direction, incorporate "iron yellow sand" into the three-chemical remediation action along the Yangtze River, and incorporate it into the 10,000-mu ecological corridor along the Yangtze River in the future Prepare. Today's "iron yellow sand" is being built into an ecological island with more than 7,000 acres of naturally growing plant communities. The island has both a channel for the migration and migration of Yangtze River fish and an artificially isolated migratory bird reserve.
"Implementing the 'together to achieve great protection and not to engage in large-scale development' is superficially to solve environmental problems, and at a deeper level to solve economic problems, it is necessary to force industrial transformation and upgrading through environmental governance and to" cage for green ". "Change the bird to" open the cage and attract the phoenix ", layout and develop new industries and new economy, so that the ecological environment and economic quality can be simultaneously improved." Zhou Qindi, secretary of the Changshu Municipal Party Committee, said.
All rivers and lakes are "managed" and "jointly managed"
Suzhou is a typical water network area in the Jiangnan Plain. The connectivity of water determines the systemic and integral nature of water management. The implementation of the river system and the establishment of the "river master" in the river system have created a seamless connection between the departments and formed a joint work. Suzhou has truly realized the "management" and "joint management" of all rivers and lakes.
The hard-to-bite "hard bones" were bitten down bit by bit. Beihengtao is a town-level river channel running through the east and west of Daxin Town in Zhangjiagang City. It is built along the river and the sewage is directly discharged, which affects the safety of flood discharge and damages the ecological environment of the river channel. The common people did not understand the clearing and remediation plan of the river channel "5 meters vacant along the coast", which led to the demolition violation being suspended for a time. The party branch secretary of Zhongshan Village and village-level river head Liu Jun came to the villagers ’homes to carry out“ three meetings and three solutions ”(community symposium, policy interpretation meeting, and contradiction resolution meeting to“ resolve policies, resolve contradictions, and solve people ’s livelihood ”for villagers), Eventually, with the understanding and support of the villagers, the demolition was successfully completed. The renovated Daheng Town North Hengtao River has a new look, and has formed a good situation for the beautiful village, characteristic agriculture and rural tourism.
The river-length system not only promoted the management of rivers and lakes throughout Suzhou, but Suzhou also created a "joint river-length system" with the border areas. Wujiang District and Jiaxing Xiuzhou District of Zhejiang Province hired 58 joint river chiefs each other, and a number of years of cross-border river and lake governance problems were quickly resolved. At the beginning of 2018, the township-level joint river chiefs of the two places discovered that the Qingxi River at the junction was seriously silted when they jointly patrolled the river. On the basis of an in-depth investigation, the two parties agreed to jointly invest 100 million yuan to carry out dredging and dredging simultaneously. In just a few months, the river silt deposited for more than 40 years has been removed.
Under the demonstration effect of the "joint river system" in Wujiang District and Xiuzhou District, Suzhou took the initiative to coordinate with Shanghai Qingpu, Jiaxing, Huzhou, and other places to establish a "joint river system" to carry out integrated water management in the Yangtze River Delta region. Useful exploration.
In the process of water environment management, Suzhou clearly realized that the problem is in the water, the roots are on the shore, and source control is the top priority of water pollution control. Suzhou treats rural domestic sewage as the main source of pollution, and takes the "three musts" of kitchen, toilet, and washing machine sewage as the conditions for the acceptance of rural household sewage treatment. From 2018 to 2020, Suzhou ’s financial plans at all levels have invested nearly 8 billion yuan to treat 7,625 villages. The city ’s rural sewage treatment rate has reached more than 90%, the drinking water source village related village treatment rate has reached 100%, and the rivers in the village are increasing. Clear.
Adhering to the governance of the waterfront and regional governance, the Suzhou system manages 418 tributaries of the Tongjiang Lake, focusing on water pollution in the area of 1 km on the main coastline and 500 meters on both sides of the tributaries. The city has rectified about 54,000 scattered pollution enterprises. The water ecology has improved significantly. The water quality compliance rate of the city ’s surface water function area has increased from 6.2% in 2005 to 87.5% in 2018. All 16 national examinations and 50 provincial examinations have reached the standard. The people ’s satisfaction rate for river and lake management has reached More than 90. "It used to be a stinky ditch that passed by, and now it is a clear stream with flowers blooming on the shore. The environment of the small river at the door of these two years has become more and more beautiful! I have to walk around it 10,000 steps every day," retired teacher Wu Qinghua told reporter.
Let the scenery have a new economy
"To build biomedicine as the 'No. 1 industry' and rebuild a trillion-level industry to support Suzhou's sustainable development in the next 10 years, 20 years or even longer." Suzhou Biotech was held on the shore of Jinji Lake on April 25 At the Pharmaceutical Development Conference, Lan Shaomin, member of the Standing Committee of the Jiangsu Provincial Party Committee and Secretary of the Suzhou Municipal Party Committee, spoke to thousands of guests at home and abroad.
The electronic information industry has supported the development of Suzhou for more than 30 years and is still releasing the dividends of deep development. Compared with the electronic information industry, the biopharmaceutical industry needs to gather more high-end, professional talents worldwide. Where does Suzhou's confidence come from?
"The proportion of college students in the park's employed population is close to 50%." Wu Qingwen, member of the Standing Committee of the Suzhou Municipal Party Committee and Secretary of the Party Working Committee of the Suzhou Industrial Park, told reporters that livability and industry have become an important consideration for talent selection in Suzhou. The innovation and entrepreneurship platform is one of the first, and the artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, and biomedicine industries are gradually "provoking beams" in the park's emerging industries; the good ecological environment is the second. The park's 26-year dedication is not only reflected in its continued natural environment. Optimization—Jinji Lake has “falled out” from a rural pond into the only business tourism demonstration area in the country, and the Yangcheng Lake Peninsula has been upgraded from a hairy crab breeding area to a national tourist resort integrating leisure and green ecological vacation. The demand of the project-According to incomplete statistics, the park has rejected hundreds of projects that failed to pass the environmental assessment. Green friendship has become a distinctive feature of regional development.
The environment and economy are the cause and effect of each other, so that places with scenery form a new economy. Suzhou is actively exploring the effective path to promote the transformation of green mountains and green mountains to Jinshan and Yinshan.
Most of the area around Taihu Lake in Wuzhong District is within the scope of the ecological red line, and the development of industry is restricted. As early as April 2014, Suzhou City issued the first national regulations on ecological compensation. The "Eco-Environmental Compensation Regulations" compensates and compensates for areas subject to ecological environmental protection responsibilities and limited economic development through financial transfer payments. The scope includes rice fields, ecological public welfare forests, important wetlands, centralized drinking water source protection areas, scenic spots, etc. As of the end of 2019, the city has invested 5.16 billion yuan in ecological compensation.
Despite the policy and financial support of the ecological compensation mechanism, the development of first-tier villages and towns around Taihu Lake such as Jinting, Guangfu, Xiangshan Subdistrict and Dongshan Township still lags behind. How to take the road of high-quality development around Taihu Lake?
In view of the large amount of low-efficiency construction land and pit pool water left over from history, Wuzhong District encourages the Taihu Lake area to use policies such as increase-decrease link, balance of occupation and compensation, and “three excellent and three guarantees” to vigorously promote land reclamation, ecological restoration, and high-standard farmland For construction, the vacated construction space and land use index will be paid for and adjusted to the key development areas in the region, and the construction will be "subtracted" in exchange for "addition" of ecology and benefits.
"Jin Ting alone, it is expected that the land income generated through the" addition and subtraction method "within three years will reach 1.5 billion to 2 billion yuan, some of which will be invested in the district industry fund." Wang Yinping, deputy secretary of the Party Working Committee of Xishan Agricultural Park, introduced last year. In half a year, the town received the first investment income returned by the fund totaling more than 7 million yuan, which was used to reward the village-level collective economy and to further improve the land efficiency. In the next step, Jinting Town will implement ecological governance projects such as the Xiaoxia Bay ecological safety buffer zone and the Shigong Peninsula ecological conservation improvement on the basis of the ecological "addition and subtraction method" around the Taihu Lake.
The mountains and rivers attracted tourists. Dongshan Town built an agricultural product e-commerce industrial park, which opened the market for local fruits. In 2019, Dongshan loquat sold 2.55 million catties online, accounting for 31% of the total output. The town's agricultural products online sales reached 200 million yuan, which greatly promoted farmers' income. The function of "self-making blood" around the Taihu Lake region has been continuously enhanced.
In today's Taihu Lake region, the construction of the Suzhou Ecological Conservation Development Experimental Zone is proceeding in an orderly manner. In December 2019, the "Suzhou Ecological Conservation Development Experimental Zone Plan" was released. In the 285 square kilometers of water and land areas including the East and West Mountains, the GDP assessment will be desalinated or even cancelled, focusing on the assessment of the improvement of the ecological environment quality and the cultivation of green development New kinetic energy, strive to create a national green economic demonstration zone. Classics and modernity complement each other, and ecological protection and economic development resonate at the same frequency. The more "double-sided embroidery" in Suzhou, the more splendid.
(Reporter Su Yan)