Build a strong security system to ensure food security

During the epidemic period, China's grain production maintained a stable and adequate supply

  ● At present, China ’s food stocks are sufficient, and the stock consumption ratio is much higher than the 17% to 18% safety level proposed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, especially the stocks of the two major rations of wheat and rice, which is roughly equivalent to the annual consumption of the people of the country the amount

  ● Only a few agricultural products such as soybeans in China are dependent on imports. At present, some countries take measures to restrict grain exports, which are mainly affected by the epidemic situation. This is common in history. It is only a short-term behavior that will not affect our food security.

  ● During the epidemic prevention and control period, the food emergency security system played an active role, mainly to build "three lines of defense": first, there is sufficient raw grain reserves; second, large and medium-sized cities with concentrated populations and areas with volatile prices have established Finished grain reserves of 15 to 15 days; Third, layout and construction of a batch of emergency processing enterprises, emergency supply outlets, emergency distribution centers and emergency storage and transportation enterprises

  □ Reporter Du Xiao

  □ Huang Yumin, an intern in this newspaper

  Cang Linshi, the world is safe. Food is a matter of national transport and people's livelihood, and food security is an important cornerstone for maintaining national security.

  On April 26, the National Development and Reform Commission, the National Food and Material Reserve Bureau and other 11 departments jointly issued the "Notice on the Serious Implementation of the Food Security Governor ’s Responsibility System in 2020", requiring all localities to implement the decision-making and deployment of the Party Central Committee and the State Council , Solidly promote the annual key tasks of the food security governor responsibility system to ensure the smooth implementation of the national food security strategy.

  The Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China convened a meeting on April 17 to emphasize that China's food security is fully guaranteed. It is necessary to do a good job in agricultural production and ensure the stable supply of important non-staple food and consolidate the agricultural foundation.

  During the fight against the New Coronary Pneumonia epidemic, food security issues have received increasing attention. General Secretary Xi Jinping frequently gave instructions on food security issues. For example, "we must strictly implement the prevention and control measures for different epidemics in different regions and grades, and fully organize spring farming production to ensure that there is no mistake in farming and ensure a good harvest of summer grain." Policy support efforts to ensure the basic benefits of grain production and maintain the stability of grain planting area and output. "

  As a big country with a population of more than one billion, China has always taken a number of measures to firmly grasp the initiative in grain production and supply to ensure the safety of grain.

Multiple food security guarantees

Higher production and sufficient inventory

  On April 4, the Joint Defense and Joint Control Mechanism of the State Council held a press conference to introduce the food supply and security during the epidemic prevention and control period.

  Wei Baigang, director of the Department of Development and Planning of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that in these years, China ’s grain harvest has been stable for more than five years, and it has stabilized at 1.3 trillion catties for five consecutive years. Supply exceeds demand, and rations are absolutely safe and guaranteed. Since 2010, China's per capita food consumption has continued to be higher than the world average. In 2019, it exceeded 470 kg, far higher than the international food security standard line of 400 kg per capita.

  According to Wei Baigang, at present, China ’s food stocks are sufficient, and the stock consumption ratio is much higher than the 17% to 18% safety level proposed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. In particular, the stocks of the two major rations, wheat and rice, are roughly equivalent to the people of the country for one year. Consumption. China ’s annual cereal imports are not large. Last year, net imports were 14.68 million tons, equivalent to less than 30 billion catties, accounting for only about 2% of China ’s cereal consumption. The main imports are strong gluten and weak gluten wheat, Thai rice, etc. The main purpose is to adjust the demand structure to better meet the personalized and diversified consumer needs of people.

  Pan Wenbo, director of the Plantation Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that in the process of coordinating the prevention and control of the epidemic situation and economic and social development, the country has adopted extraordinary measures to stabilize grain production, some of which have been rare for many years.

  Pan Wenbo said: First, the key node of spring farming production, the central government responded to the epidemic situation leading group timely issued the "current spring farming production work guide" to guide the regional divisions to restore agricultural production order, to ensure that there is no mistake in farming, grasp spring farming, stable Live spring sowing grain area. The second is to take the stability of grain area as a binding indicator, layer by layer of responsibility to ensure the stability of grain area throughout the year. The third is that at the critical time for farmers to choose seeds and prepare fertilizers, the state has issued a series of support policies to release a strong signal that heavy farmers are striving for food. For example, subsidies for corn and soybean producers in Northeast China, rice subsidies, and incentive funds for major grain-producing counties.

  Wang Hong, director of the Department of Safety Storage and Science and Technology of the State Grain and Material Reserve Bureau, said that during the epidemic prevention and control period, the grain emergency guarantee system played an active role. The security system is supported, and we have built "three lines of defense." First, there is sufficient raw grain reserves; second, large and medium-sized cities with concentrated populations and areas with volatile prices have established a finished grain reserve that can meet 10 to 15 days; third, the layout and construction of a batch of emergency processing enterprises, emergency supply outlets, and emergency Distribution centers and emergency storage and transportation companies. At present, there are 44,601 emergency food supply outlets in the country, 5,388 emergency processing enterprises, 3,170 emergency distribution centers, and 3,454 emergency storage and transportation enterprises.

  According to Wang Hong, market fluctuations are monitored. China has established a two-level monitoring system. There are 1072 national grain market information direct reporting points and 9206 local grain market information monitoring points, covering key regions and key varieties, and being able to closely track grain Supply and demand changes and price dynamics. There are plans for responding to changes, and grain emergency plans have been established at the national, provincial, municipal and county levels. The city is responsible for ensuring supply and stability, and China has established a responsibility system for the governor of food security.

  Qin Yuyun, director of the Grain Reserve Department of the State Grain and Material Reserve Bureau, said that China's grain inventory is mainly divided into three categories, namely government reserves, policy inventory, and enterprise commodity inventory. In addition, there are some farmers who store grain, which is usually not included in the inventory.

  Qin Yuyun introduced that government reserves include central and local grain reserves. This is our "ballast stone" to keep the bottom line, stabilize expectations, and ensure safety. The local grain reserves are established according to the market supply that can meet the production area for 3 months, the sales area for 6 months, and the balance area for 4.5 months. Policy inventory is the inventory formed by the state's implementation of the minimum purchase price, temporary purchase and storage, and this part of the inventory is quite considerable, and it is publicly auctioned in the market all year round. Enterprise merchandise inventory refers to the self-owned inventory that an enterprise needs to establish in order to manage its turnover. At present, there are more than 40,000 integrated enterprises, and the scale of this part of the inventory is not small. In recent years, the total amount of grain stocks has continued to run at a high level, and the current stocks of rice and wheat can meet the market consumer demand for more than one year. In many cities, the market supply capacity of finished grains, namely flour and rice, is over 30 days.

  Relevant data shows that as of the end of the acquisition period on March 31, China National Grain Reserves Corporation has completed the acquisition of 22.08 million tons of the lowest purchase price of mid-to-late rice, an increase of 350,000 tons from the previous year.

  According to the China Storage Grain Group, at present, the central authority ’s grain stocks managed by the China Storage Grain Group Company are sufficient. In particular, in recent years, the implementation of the minimum purchase price policy for wheat and rice has enabled the state to control a considerable amount of Policy grain stocks to ensure the absolute safety of rations.

International epidemic has limited impact

Xialiang's acquisition is actively promoted

  With the resumption of production and production in full swing, China's agricultural production and supply of agricultural products are getting better and better.

  On April 19, the Joint Defense and Joint Control Mechanism of the State Council held a press conference to introduce the work on spring agricultural production and agricultural product supply.

  Chen Ping, a first-level inspector of the Market and Information Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that the price of pork continued to decline slightly by variety of agricultural products. As of the end of March, the weekly average price of pork wholesale nationwide was 46.28 yuan per kilogram, which fell for 7 consecutive weeks. The prices of beef, mutton, poultry and eggs are weak, and the prices of vegetables and fruits fluctuate seasonally, lower than the same period last year. The trading volume of aquatic products rebounded, and the prices fell. Judging from the trend in the later period, there is sufficient grain stocks, the production capacity of live pigs continues to recover, the poultry production situation improves, the number of emergency vegetable listings increases, and the agricultural product market is expected to continue to maintain overall stability.

  Liu Lihua, deputy director of the Plantation Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that from the perspective of summer grains, the wheat in the southwest region is already mature at the filling stage, and the yield increase trend is obvious; The bumper harvest has foundation and hope. Judging from the spring sowing situation, the grain area sown in spring is more than half of the annual area. This year's intention to sown grain area in spring is an increasing trend, especially the early rice area is expected to contain the downward trend for seven consecutive years.

  Wang Jiayun, deputy director of the Agricultural Mechanization Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that domestic and foreign production practices have proved that conservation tillage is a sustainable agricultural technology that can achieve a win-win situation of stable crop yields and ecological environmental protection. On the basis of in-depth research and with the consent of the State Council, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the Ministry of Finance launched the Northeast Black Land Conservation Farming Action Plan this year, which aims to strengthen organizational leadership and policy guidance through the government and the market, strengthen organizational leadership and policy guidance, and speed up the suitability in the Northeast. The region promotes conservation tillage in an all-round way, and strives to achieve an area of ​​140 million mu by 2025, accounting for 70% of the suitable area, effectively curb the degradation of black land, restore and improve the cultivated land, further consolidate the foundation of national food security and promote sustainable agricultural development.

  Wei Hongyang, deputy director of the Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that soybean meal, as a bulk feed material, is mainly produced by crushing imported soybeans. According to the first quarter import data introduced by the General Administration of Customs on April 14, soybean imports in the first quarter were 17.79 million tons, an increase of 6.4% year-on-year. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs also conducted a comprehensive monitoring of soybean meal production in the first quarter, with an output of 14.63 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 4%. In the first quarter, industrial feed was 52.82 million tons, an increase of 1.7% year-on-year, plus the farm's own ingredients, a total of 14.56 million tons of soybean meal. The supply and demand of soybean meal in the first quarter were generally balanced.

  Dang Guoying, a researcher at the Institute of Rural Development, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, believes that only a few agricultural products such as soybeans in China are dependent on imports. At present, some countries take measures to restrict grain exports, which are mainly affected by the epidemic. This is common in history, but only short-term behavior , Will not affect our country's food security.

  The manager of Pingyang Yintai branch of Wal-Mart in Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province told the Legal Daily reporter that during the epidemic prevention and control period, there was no large-scale grain hoarding and oil hoarding in the supermarket, and the local supply of rice, grain and oil was always sufficient.

  It is understood that in early March, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs initiated the implementation of the "100-day campaign to win the summer grain harvest", organized all localities to fight against the disaster and harvest the harvest, strengthened communication with the meteorological department, implemented various key measures for disaster prevention and mitigation, and won the first battle of summer grain Victory.

  Qin Yuyun said that the current policy inventory of wheat is at an all-time high, the main production areas are generally full and full, and the summer grain purchase is facing certain storage pressure. All localities will be urged to strictly implement the responsibility system of the governor of food security, China Storage Grain Group Corporation will be urged to earnestly implement the responsibility of the main body of policy implementation, and coordinate the policy acquisition and market acquisition. At the same time, it will take multiple measures to speed up the digestion of inventories, make warehouses and warehouses in time, increase grain storage facilities, and actively resolve the contradiction between storage and storage capacity to ensure the smooth progress of the summer grain purchase.

  "In the past years, the country will launch the minimum wheat purchase price policy, and policy inventories have continued to reach new highs. In addition, this year the central government has specifically put forward the requirements of 'stabilizing policy, stabilizing area, and stabilizing production.' There will be a bumper harvest. The main concern now is the inventory digestion problem, and we need to step up warehouse consolidation to ensure that there are enough warehouses to accommodate summer grain. "Said Li Guoxiang, a researcher at the Rural Development Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.

The red line of cultivated land should not be touched

Combating strict protection in accordance with law

  During the epidemic prevention and control period, China's food security has always been guaranteed, and it has a close relationship with the most stringent farmland protection system that has been implemented in these years.

  General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "We must implement the strictest cultivated land protection system, balance the occupation and compensation of cultivated land according to law and regulations, promote the transfer of rural land in an orderly manner, and protect cultivated land like the protection of giant pandas."

  It is understood that as early as 2006, the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development" adopted by the Fourth Session of the Tenth National People's Congress clearly stated that 1.8 billion mu of cultivated land will be a legally binding in the next five years Sexual indicators are an insurmountable red line.

  In 2017, the State Council issued the "National Outline of National Land Planning (2016-2030)", requiring that by 2020 and 2030 China's arable land should be maintained at 1.865 billion mu or more than 1.825 billion mu.

  On March 5 this year, the Supreme People's Procuratorate notified the procuratorial organ of the main situation of agricultural procuratorial work and issued the 16th batch of guiding cases. Miao Shengming, director of the First Procuratorate of the Supreme People ’s Procuratorate, stated that the Land Management Law, which came into effect on January 1, 2020, further established the strictest farmland protection system, and changed the original “basic farmland” to “permanent basic farmland” The addition of the word "permanent" highlights the country's strictest protection of legal attitudes.

  On March 30, the Ministry of Natural Resources issued an announcement to publicly solicit opinions on the "Regulations for the Implementation of the Land Administration Law of the People's Republic of China (Draft Draft)" (Draft for Comment). The revised draft incorporates the effective farmland protection system in practice into regulations. The first is to establish a compensation system for cultivated land protection; the second is to clarify the subject of responsibility for cultivated land protection.

  "If any illegal occupation of agricultural land is allowed, it will inevitably lead to a sharp reduction in agricultural land, especially cultivated land resources, which will seriously threaten national food security, at the same time damage the interests of farmers, the credibility of the party and government, and endanger social harmony and stability. "Miao Shengming said.

  In order to better guarantee food security, in addition to strictly protecting cultivated land, the existing land resources must also be fully developed and utilized.

  Wei Baigang said that strictly abide by the red line of 1.8 billion acres of cultivated land, build 1.058 billion acres of grain production functional areas and important agricultural product production protection areas, and accelerate the construction of high-standard farmland for drought and flood protection with "one kilogram in one season and two tons of grain per season". mu.

  In order to further ensure food security and increase the "red line" cultivated area, Yuan Longping, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, proposed the development of saline-alkali-tolerant rice.

  On April 14, during the observation and construction promotion meeting of the National Salt-Alkali Tolerant Rice Innovation Center in Sanya, Hainan, Yuan Longping said: "Through the combination of heterosis utilization and the third generation hybrid rice technology, I am The major breakthrough in new varieties is full of confidence! "