Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, April 27th, Question: China has handed over the "anti-epidemic response"-an exclusive interview with Ma Xiaowei, director of the National Health and Health Commission and party secretary
Xinhua News Agency reporters Chen Fang and Chen Cong
On April 24, Hubei severe and critically ill patients were cleared; on April 26, Wuhan patients with new coronary pneumonia were cleared! This indicates that the epidemic prevention and control battles with Hubei and Wuhan as the main battlefields have achieved important stage effects. The epidemic prevention and control in Hubei Province and Wuhan has changed from emergency super-conventional control to normalized prevention and control.
Faced with a major public health incident that has the fastest spread, the widest infection range, and the most difficult prevention and control since the founding of New China, how can we quickly stop the spread of the epidemic? Facing the rapid increase in the number of cases, how to solve the problem of admission? How can we fight for the initiative in the fight against epidemics in the event of a large number of community transmissions? Ma Xiaowei, director of the National Health and Health Commission and secretary of the party group, accepted an exclusive interview with Xinhua News Agency on the above issues.
How to achieve "receiving as much as possible, treating as long as possible"? Expansion of nearly 110,000 beds, multiple measures to solve the problem of admission
Question: How do we adjust the focus of prevention and control of epidemic situation and the corresponding measures in the major nodes that determine the direction of the epidemic from "four early days" and "four episodes" to "receiving and receivable, and remedial and remedial"? ?
Answer: Throughout the entire process of epidemic prevention and control, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has always deeply grasped the dialectical relationship between Hubei, Wuhan and the "two battlefields" of the country, insisted on scientific prevention and precise implementation, and insisted on equal emphasis on epidemic prevention and patient treatment .
On January 27th, the Central Guidance Group entered Wuhan to guide the prevention and control of serious epidemic provinces such as Hubei. At that time, the most prominent contradiction in the prevention and control of the epidemic situation was that the number of cases "blowout" surged and the supply of medical resources was insufficient. "Adding beds" is the most urgent task. Every day we study with Hubei Province, especially Wuhan City, and finally decide that we cannot turn around in existing beds. There are four ways to expand beds.
First, build square cabin hospitals, a total of 16 built. The second is the construction of Vulcan Mountain and Thor Mountain Hospitals. The third is to transform existing hospitals. The fourth is to requisition more than 530 hotels, training centers, and nursing facilities, and transform them into isolation points. Through the establishment of an emergency prevention and control network with a step-by-step layout, the number of beds expanded was nearly 110,000. In the above measures, large-scale construction of sheltered hospitals played an irreplaceable role. One out of every four patients with new coronary pneumonia in Wuhan is treated in a square cabin hospital, achieving "zero infection, zero death, and zero turnaround". The square cabin hospital has played a role in rapid reconstruction, large capacity, low cost and concentration High degree and other advantages.
Improve the admission rate, curb community spread, and strive for the initiative in the fight against epidemics
Question: In the process of increasing the admission rate, the epidemic situation in Wuhan continued to spread, and a large number of communities spread it. In order to completely control the source of infection, what kind of "tough fight" have we fought?
Answer: On January 23, the Party Central Committee decisively made the decision to close the channel for leaving Han with a highly responsible attitude and great political courage to the lives and health of the people. Practice has proved that this is a key trick to stop the rapid spread of the epidemic.
After the closure of the Lihan Passage, the interruption of community transmission became the key to controlling the epidemic. On February 3, Deputy Prime Minister Sun Chunlan led the Central Steering Group to the Wuhan City Headquarters to deploy four types of community "confirmed diagnosis, suspicion, fever, and close contact" for centralized management of the community, and fought three "hard battles". The first one was "net-checking". On February 6, Wuhan City was promoted to hold a community-based video and telephone conference for investigation and deployment, without leaving one household or one person. The second session was "Centralized Recruitment", which mobilized 167 negative-pressure ambulances, dispatched medical personnel, community cadres, and public security officers to form a transshipment team. They conducted investigation, admission, and clearing. The third session is "Clearance Check". In the early stage of the investigation, there were blind spots and patients still staying at home. On February 17th, a three-day cleanup check was launched again. Wuhan City has realized the collection of new cases due to collection and the daily settlement, and has won the initiative to fight the epidemic.
At the same time, we adhere to the strategy of "external defense output, internal proliferation prevention and strict control". From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and the disease control centers and community health service centers in 30 provinces, nearly 1,000 outstanding disease control and public health personnel were selected to form 36 anti-epidemic teams to support Hubei and fight alongside local disease control personnel . One is to improve nucleic acid detection capabilities. The second is that the center of gravity sinks and the gate moves forward to build a tight line of defense against group control. The third is precise guidance to strengthen the protection of key units, key places and key people. Fourth, after lifting the control of the Han-Li-E-Hang channel, the prevention and control measures were precisely changed from "containment" to "defense". We propose that April 8 is by no means the last victory day of the epidemic prevention and control blockade. Unblocking does not mean unblocking, zero new addition does not mean zero risk, highlighting the prevention and control of asymptomatic infected people.
From nationwide assistance to patient clearance, start a life-defying battle for life
Q: At the same time, race and fight against illness and disease, Wuhan has achieved zero clearance of patients with new coronary pneumonia in hospital. What does this mark? What role did the group of "Chinese doctors" play in this life-saving rescue in Hubei?
A: For a long period of time, the epidemic prevention and control and medical treatment in Hubei and Wuhan have been in a complex "wartime" state. Especially in the early stage of the epidemic, due to insufficient knowledge of the new coronavirus and serious shortage of protective materials, more than 3,000 medical personnel in Hubei Province were infected.
Starting from January 24, medical team members said goodbye to their families from the dinner table reunited with the Chinese New Year, and they rushed to the front line of epidemic prevention and control. More than 42,600 outstanding medical personnel across the country have entered the main battlefield. We have a comprehensive grasp of medical resources and powerful control, so that the strength of supporting medical personnel matches the amount of supporting tasks and the difficulty of treatment.
After hard work, on April 24, the severe and critically ill patients in Hubei were cleared; on April 26, the patients with new coronary pneumonia in Wuhan were cleared, which marked the stage of epidemic prevention and control in Hubei and Wuhan. The important effect of sex; it marks that China's new coronary pneumonia treatment level is in the forefront of the world; it marks that China has reached a new level of critical medicine and the treatment of respiratory infectious diseases in recent years.
In this life-saving rescue in Hubei, 21 provinces sent more than 1,000 medical personnel. Among them, Jiangsu, Guangdong and Liaoning have more than 2,000 people. Because behind Hubei and Wuhan are 1.4 billion Chinese people. The majority of medical staff regards each patient as their dearest and devoted person, spares no effort to treat them, exhausts all means, and never gives up easily. Putting the safety of people ’s lives and physical health in the first place requires us to be nailed here like a nail, so as to choke the throat of the disease.
In this arduous and struggling anti-epidemic struggle, the broad support team of Hubei medical staff and local medical staff worked hard together and fought day and night, starting a life-defying battle for life. Withstand the training and baptism of the epidemic, the younger generation of medical workers will become more mature, and they will become the backbone of protecting people's health.
Management and treatment go hand-in-hand, realizing rapid "iterative" upgrade of diagnosis and treatment plan within 50 days
Q: The diagnosis and treatment plan not only shows the words printed on the paper, but also shows the wisdom of the Chinese people in fighting the epidemic. As a follow-up to the treatment of new coronary pneumonia, how can the national diagnosis and treatment plan be rapidly updated in an "iterative" upgrade in less than 50 days?
Answer: Patient treatment is always the top priority in epidemic prevention and control. As a new infectious disease, New Coronary Pneumonia has little understanding of its pathogenic mechanism. We started from strengthening medical treatment and improving the quality of basic medical care. We adopted an active, scientific and flexible treatment strategy, starting from both management and treatment, not only to withstand the "impact" of the surge in diagnosis and treatment during the outbreak epidemic, but also with the disease With the deepening of understanding and the stability of the front, the level of treatment continues to improve, and the proportion of severely ill patients in Wuhan who have returned to cure has increased from 14% to 89%.
In terms of management, it adheres to the principle of "four concentration", concentrates critically ill patients into the designated hospitals of serious diseases, adopts the national medical team reorganization system to take over, "inclusive hospitals", "provincial packages", "provincial packages" and other models to strengthen severe diseases Cure. Strengthen the system construction, deploy the management and business backbone of the medical teams in the critically ill designated hospitals to form the "Joint Medical Service", "Joint Nursing Department", "Joint Hospital Control Department" and "Joint Expert Group" to quickly establish the medical service command system and medical Quality co-governance and co-management system. Organize a team of academicians and leaders of related disciplines to form a national expert group, include critical patients in case management, establish and implement systems such as patient day assessment, difficult case discussion and consultation, expert group regular visits, overall care, and death case discussion, etc., 7 revisions Diagnosis and treatment plan, three times to revise the diagnosis and treatment plan for severe patients, to improve the standardization and homogenization of medical treatment.
In terms of treatment, adhere to the "five combinations", that is, the combination of basic medicine and clinical practice, the combination of clinical treatment in the front and multidisciplinary support in the back, the combination of medical treatment and nursing, the combination of medical treatment and management, and the combination of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine. Treatment, summary, exploration, improvement, and constantly improve the targeted overall creativity of treatment.
One is to continuously summarize the clinical treatment experience. We found that insidious and difficult to correct hypoxia is one of the main features of severe neopneumonia. We timely adjusted the treatment strategy, promoted the "intubation team" and "liver protection team" and other practices, and used invasive respiratory support as early as possible.
The second is to conduct basic medical research in a timely manner. Carry out autopsy and pathological studies on death cases of new coronary pneumonia. From the comprehensive analysis of pathological results, it is found that the new coronavirus infection mainly manifests as viral pneumonia, and can also cause multiple organ damage. System function protection and function support.
The third is to find effective antiviral drugs in time. Start with the principle of virus pathogenicity and find a breakthrough. Extensive screening and careful demonstration from existing antiviral drugs against similar viruses to find drugs.
The fourth is to focus on the unique advantages of combining Chinese and Western medicine and combining Chinese and Western medicine. Look for treatment methods from the treasure trove of traditional medicine and treat symptoms symptomatically. Academicians and experts in the field of traditional Chinese medicine have screened out the "three medicines and three prescriptions". The utilization rate of traditional Chinese medicine in Hubei province and the total effective rate of clinical treatment have exceeded 90%.