Pudong's development and opening-up has entered its standing year. In 30 years, Pudong has developed from a rural area with a long history and a lagging development into a new socialist modern city: urban infrastructure has been renewed, headquarters economic agglomeration, advanced manufacturing and modern service industries have developed together, and urban-rural integration Coordinated promotion, continuous improvement of urban functions and core competitiveness; the regional GDP increased from 6.024 billion yuan in 1990 to 1.27 trillion yuan in 2019, contributing 1/5 of the area of Shanghai and 1/4 of the population 1/3 of GDP. At the same time, Pudong has also become the first pilot area to undertake the national reform and opening-up development strategy and the test field for major institutional innovation demonstrations. It has become a vivid epitome of China's reform and opening up and Shanghai's modernization drive, and an important window for the world to observe China's development. Pudong has demonstrated the great success of China ’s reform and opening up to the world with a number of “first” reforms, opening up, and new developments and new benchmarks created in the country ’s reform and opening up, and has shown to the world that reform and opening up determine the future and destiny of contemporary China. The key move is that the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics has strong vitality and bright prospects for development.
1. Adhere to the concept of internationalization and high standard development
Pudong's miracle is achieved by insisting on the concept of international vision and high standard development from the beginning, ensuring that Pudong's development and opening up always maintains a high starting point plan.
As early as the early 1980s, Shanghai put forward the idea of developing Pudong. Although the starting point at that time was to relieve the problems of traffic congestion, housing shortage, and insufficient development space in Puxi, people quickly realized that Pudong's development and opening-up should target the international frontier and reflect the trend of open development. In the following years, Shanghai carried out feasibility studies and planning around various expert demonstration meetings and international seminars of the Pudong Development Organization, and gradually formed a basic that conforms to the trend of economic globalization, serves the country, faces the world, and actively develops an export-oriented economy. understanding. In 1988, Shanghai put forward the development plan of "developing Pudong and building an international, pivotal, and modern world-class new urban area".
Since the Party Central Committee clearly announced Pudong ’s grand strategy of development and opening up in April 1990, Pudong ’s development and opening up has adhered to the plan to lead and lead, taking the lead in adopting international consultation and international competitive bidding in the country, which has not only improved the level of internationalization of the plan but also Pudong's international influence in development and opening up. Pudong's builders always "think Pudong development by standing next to the globe". From project demonstration to project implementation, from design concept to function positioning, Pudong's development and opening up benchmarks are of world-class strategic significance and leading future development. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Pudong has set the standard for the highest international standards and the highest level of investment and trade, and has played a leading role in the pilot free trade zone, further opening up and promoting the development of an open economy. From this, it can be seen that always adhering to the "development of Pudong, revitalizing Shanghai, serving the whole country, and facing the world" is an international, high-standard development plan and strategic design, which is an important foundation for Pudong's development miracle.
2. Make a test field of major system innovation demonstration
Pudong's development and opening up can always adhere to the concept of internationalization, but also because it was initially given the mission of taking the lead in participating in global economic competition.
In the late 1980s, Comrade Deng Xiaoping set out from the international environment, and proposed that "the banner of further opening should be slammed out," and pointed out that "Shanghai is our trump card, and it is a shortcut to make Shanghai work." Against this background, Pudong's development and opening-up has shown to the world that China will continue to hold high the banner of reform and opening up. Since then, this banner has risen from the initial Shanghai local development strategy and vision to a national level development strategy. After joining the WTO in 2001, Pudong further participated in global economic competition during development and opening up, deeply integrated into the international division of labor, participated in global economic competition and development in all directions, and showed the world China ’s confidence, determination and actions to fully integrate into the WTO. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Pudong has undertaken the new mission of building an all-round and high-level open economy. Since 2013, it has undertaken the strategic tasks of the construction of the first free trade pilot zone and the subsequent construction of the new port free zone China ’s new mission, the first to promote innovation and experimentation from the opening of the factor market to the institutional opening, and take the lead in showing the world with the practical actions of all-round opening up and development to show the world that China ’s faith and determination to open the door wider and wider. This is just as General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, "The significance of Pudong's development lies in the role of window and demonstration, the courage to dare to try, the trial first, and the role of the vanguard." It is this development goal and positioning that has created Pudong's speed miracle and led Pudong to become the epitome of China's reform and opening up and Shanghai's modernization drive.
3. Promote reform and system innovation with opening up
Pudong's development and opening up adheres to international development and participates in global competition. It will logically conform to the marketization mechanism. This is also destined for the development and opening up of the Pudong New District to be accompanied by a series of institutional innovations and reengineering of institutional mechanisms.
At the beginning of reform and opening up, we focused on invigorating the country through economic system reform to meet the needs of large-scale investment attraction and catch-up growth. However, by the early 1990s, it was discovered that the internal relationship between reform and opening had changed: some progress and actual effects of economic system reform may not be able to keep up with the internal requirements of open economic development. Therefore, at this time, Pudong ’s development and opening-up has paid more attention to opening up and leading development, and actively guided the development and construction of new areas by cultivating open systems and functional policies; Functional transformation. After 2001, the party and the government proceeded from the trend of international development, and gave the Pudong New Area the first to implement comprehensive supporting reform pilots, in accordance with the basic requirements of marketization and rule of law, to promote the transformation of government functions, urban-rural dual structure reform, and economic development mode transformation. 1. Reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises and improvement of public service systems. Actively explore and take the lead in establishing a market economy operating system and mechanism that are compatible with WTO rules. In 2013, Pudong undertook the strategic task of constructing the first free trade zone, clearly proposed and insisted on forming a high ground for institutional innovation, actively benchmarking the highest international standards, vigorously promoting institutional reform, and focusing on building an international, market-oriented, and rule-of-law First-class business environment. It is precisely because we have always insisted on promoting reform through opening up and forcing deep-level institutional and institutional innovations. The Pudong New District has taken the lead in forming a series of important institutional innovations while achieving substantial development.
4. Improve urban energy level and core competitiveness
Entering the 21st century, competition and cooperation in the world economy are highlighted as competition and cooperation among cities in the world. To what extent a city can effectively participate in the global economy, the key depends on the city's economic level, urban function and core competitiveness. The state endows Shanghai with the status of building an international economic center, international financial center, international trade center, international shipping center, and technological innovation center, with the purpose of accelerating the cultivation and improvement of Shanghai ’s urban energy level and core competitiveness in order to better participate in global economic competition .
As the core load-bearing area for the construction of Shanghai's "Five Centers", Pudong New Area has always taken the improvement of urban energy level and core competitiveness as an important task for 30 years, and has continuously accelerated the construction of the shape and function of the core load-bearing area. In the 1990s, led by the accelerated construction of the Lujiazui Financial and Trade Zone, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Jinqiao Technology Development Zone, and Zhangjiang Science and Technology Park, the new spatial pattern of Pudong development was promoted to foster Shanghai ’s international finance, international shipping, and international trade. Global resource allocation capability and global technological innovation capability. 2010 Shanghai World Expo, taking advantage of the opportunities of the main venues in Pudong, Pudong New District increased the comprehensive improvement of urban comprehensive functions such as urban infrastructure, public service system, and urban management, and accelerated the construction of a functional, pivotal, and networked modern foundation Facilities, including the second-phase project of Pudong International Airport, a new traffic rail facility system, etc.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Pudong ’s development and opening-up has focused more on the improvement of the city ’s core functions and competitiveness, and has comprehensively focused on the construction of the “five centers”, forming a new pattern of collaborative development of opening up and innovation. The world's first-class economic energy level, with Shanghai's container throughput as the main body and Shantou Water Port as the main body, and the world's third-largest cargo and mail throughput as the Pudong Airport, has enhanced many core functions including Lujiazui Financial City, Zhangjiang Science City, and Shanghai Free Trade Zone The advantages of the district have gathered the headquarters of more than 330 multinational companies and many important commodity and factor market systems. It is these powerful urban agglomeration and radiation functions that have laid the foundation for a new era of Shanghai that serves the integration of the Yangtze River Delta, serves the Yangtze River Economic Belt, serves the whole country, and influences the world's energy levels and core competitiveness.
5. Adhere to industrial upgrading and high-quality development
In the early 1990s, Pudong developed and opened up to grasp the industrial layout, develop service industries and manufacturing industries, and established the country ’s first financial trading zone, export processing zone, and the country ’s first stock exchange and futures trading in the core functional area. The Institute, which attracts foreign financial institutions and Sino-foreign joint venture retail enterprises and logistics enterprises, guides and nurtures the development of modern service industries. After China joined the WTO in 2001, Pudong has followed the trend of global technology, talents, capital and other factors, and has continuously accelerated the upgrading of manufacturing industries, especially with the help of Zhangjiang Science and Technology Park and Platform, to introduce and develop electronic information, automotive industry, complete equipment, and new energy. , Biomedicine and other advanced manufacturing industries.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Pudong has comprehensively practiced the requirements put forward by General Secretary Jin Ping to promote the high-quality development of China's economy. With the construction of the Zhangjiang Comprehensive National Science Center as a carrier, the core functional area of the scientific and technological innovation center has been comprehensively accelerated, and the free trade zone and independence Innovative linkage development promotes the innovation of talents and the acceleration of the development of strategic emerging industries, and has basically formed a modern industrial system with modern service industry as the main body, strategic emerging industry as the lead, and advanced manufacturing industry as the support. A large number of such as integrated circuits and artificial intelligence , Biomedicine, and other internationally competitive large projects, large platforms, and large bases have landed in Pudong and have come to fruition. It is worth noting that in the development and opening up of Pudong, on the one hand, it pays attention to the interaction between industrialization and urbanization, strives to achieve the integration of industry and city and urban-rural integration, and continuously meets the pursuit of high-quality life for urban and rural residents; on the other hand, it implements an innovation-driven development strategy Continually promote industrial transformation and upgrading, develop a modern industrial system, and avoid the "industry hollowing" problem commonly seen in some developed countries and regions. By continuously consolidating the industrial foundation and the development of the real economy, Pudong promotes the linkage between the financial center and the science and innovation center, and provides a model for Pudong to take the lead in achieving high-quality development.
6. Give play to the demonstration and leading role of the national strategy
It is a very important experience of China's reform and opening up to adhere to the pilot pilot and comprehensive promotion. The success of Pudong ’s development and opening up has provided a reproducible and scalable system innovation experience for deepening reforms and opening up across the country, and has played an important role in leading the country ’s strategy first, piloting, and demonstration.
As early as in the early 1990s, Pudong took the lead in exploring the market-oriented allocation of capital, land, labor, technology and other factors in the implementation of the development and opening strategy, which provided a unified and open, orderly and competitive factor market system for the country. Important experience. Entering the 21st century, especially since the 18th National Congress of the Party, Pudong took the construction of the nation's first pilot free trade zone as the starting point, and actively explored the establishment and establishment of the "Bold Test, Bold Initiative, and Independent Reform" proposed by General Secretary Xi Jinping. The system and government supervision system that connect international investment and trade rules are the first in the country to establish a foreign investment negative list management system to promote the reform of “separation of licenses”, reform of the market supervision system, “single window” handling, customs supervision reform, and integration of local and foreign currencies A series of high-standard and high-level system innovations such as the FT account system that has been operated in an operational manner have provided a large number of reproducible and scalable results for the construction of the national free trade zone and the deepening of reforms and opening up in the new era. The vanguard role of the first trial.
Standing at thirty, Pudong's development and opening up created a miracle. Facing the future, Pudong will continue to hold high the banner of opening up, and in the great practice of leading Shanghai ’s modernization, promoting reform, opening up and innovation, achieving high-quality economic development, and improving the modernization of the governance capacity of megacities, better play the role of “window and demonstration”. Forming the "Four Major Functions", advancing three new major strategic tasks, and building the city's "Four Major Brands", continue to uphold the spirit of "dare to dare to try, try first, try first", and strive to create a new miracle of reform and opening up in the new era.
(Author: Xi Jinping, Shanghai Research Center of socialist thought a new era with Chinese characteristics, author of: trade-offs)