(Economic Observation) China's shortcomings in complementing technological factors focus on stimulating innovation
China News Agency, Beijing, April 10 (Reporter Pang Wuji) The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council have recently issued "Opinions on the Construction of a More Perfect Market-Based Allocation System for Factors", which proposes five element areas of land, labor, capital, technology, and data. The direction of reform. Aiming at the relatively "short board" market for technical factors, the "Opinions" starts from five aspects, focusing on stimulating the vitality of technology supply and promoting the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.
The technology factor market is one of China's important production factor markets. After years of development, China's technology factor market has grown from scratch to the point of institutional basis, participants, and activity. Official data shows that the turnover of China's technology contracts has increased from 700 million yuan (RMB, the same below) in 1984 to more than 2 trillion yuan in 2019, which has increased more than 3000 times in more than 30 years.
However, compared with other factor markets such as the capital market and land market, China's technology factor market started late and is still in its infancy. Wang Yiming, the former deputy director of the Development Research Center of the State Council, pointed out that due to the imperfect property rights system, especially the unclear definition of the property rights of scientific and technological achievements within the system, and the data property rights definition rules have not yet been established, China ’s technology and data element market has been slow to develop.
Industry insiders pointed out that the current property rights system of China's technology factor market urgently needs reform and improvement. For a long time, the "dual-track" problem of technological factors has been serious. The free flow of technological achievements among universities, colleges and enterprises faces deep-seated institutional obstacles, which has inhibited the vitality of the technological factor market. On the other hand, the technological factor market The incentive mechanism is not smooth; the professionalism and professionalism of the technical element market service system are insufficient; the integration and interaction of technical elements with capital, talents and other production factors are not enough.
Technology is critical to innovation and development. The technology factor market is the institutional arrangement and mechanism guarantee for allocating innovation resources, discovering innovation value, and encouraging innovation subjects. Especially in the current China's deep implementation of innovation-driven development strategies, it is self-evident that the importance of breaking down the barriers of the technological factor market system and mechanism is self-evident. As Wang Yiming said, with the rapid development of a new round of scientific and technological revolution, big data, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, etc. are becoming the commanding heights of international competition, accelerating the cultivation of technology and data element market, for enhancing China ’s international competitiveness and promoting economic high Quality development is of great significance.
To this end, the "Opinions" put forward five reform arrangements: one is to perfect the property rights system for job-related scientific and technological achievements; the second is to improve the allocation of scientific and technological innovation resources; the third is to strengthen the construction of a national technology transfer regional center and establish a national technology transfer personnel training system; Promote the integration and development of technological elements and capital elements; Fifth, deepen international cooperation in basic research, and carry out pilot projects to facilitate the cross-border flow of innovative elements.
Song Xiaowu, director of the Academic Committee of the China Economic System Reform Research Association, pointed out that the above-mentioned reform arrangements can be summarized as "two activations". The first is to activate technological property rights incentives, to "deepen the reform of the right to use, dispose of and benefit from scientific and technological achievements, to carry out pilot projects that endow scientific and technological personnel with ownership or long-term use rights for scientific and technological achievements," and to promote the "three rights" reform of occupational achievements and the ownership reform pilot .
The second is to activate the vitality of intermediary services. It is necessary to train a group of technology transfer institutions and technology managers. "Support scientific and technological enterprises to collaborate with universities and scientific research institutions to establish new research and development institutions such as technology research and development centers, industrial research institutes, and pilot test bases." The reform of the classification of institutes will accelerate the market-oriented and enterprise-oriented development of applied technology research institutes, "establishing a national technology transfer personnel training system."
In addition, Song Xiaowu said that the "Opinions" also proposes "to carry out pilot projects for cross-border and convenient flow of innovation elements, to develop offshore innovation and entrepreneurship, and to explore and promote foreign scientists to take the lead in undertaking government-supported scientific and technological projects." The scientific and technological achievements evaluation system plays the role of the enterprise ’s innovation main body, and at the same time, it is of great significance to build a national technological innovation system and further broaden international scientific and technological exchanges. It is an important measure for China ’s economy and society to enter the stage of innovation and development. (Finish)