New Corona Declaration of Emergency and Emergency in at least 63 Countries and Territories 20:04 on April 6
Following the spread of the new coronavirus, at least 63 countries and regions, including the United States and Italy, have declared emergencies and emergencies worldwide.
Overseas, some countries do not have clear provisions for the declaration of emergency, while others have provisions to prevent abuse of emergency measures, as there is a risk that their rights will be seriously violated. Positioning varies greatly by country and region.
America
In the United States, President Trump declared a national emergency on the 13th of last month.
The U.S. Constitution has no explicit provision that allows the President to temporarily concentrate power in the event of an emergency. , It is believed that they have all necessary permissions.
On the other hand, the National Emergency Law enacted in 1976 stipulates that parliamentary control extends to the exercise of authority by the president.
Currently, measures such as restrictions on going out in each state are not based on the President's Declaration of State of Emergency but are issued by the governor of each state or the mayor.
In New York State, where infections are highest, all employees are banned except police, hospitals, supermarket clerks, and other industries required to maintain urban functions such as electricity and water. Violators are liable to fines and penalties.
Italy
Italy, which has the world's highest death toll of more than 15,000, was declared emergency in late January.
Starting 10th of last month, restrictions on outings were started nationwide, and all rallies were banned. Violations will result in fines.
Except for grocery stores and pharmacies, most stores are not allowed to operate.
Spain
In Spain, where more than 12,000 people die after Italy, Prime Minister Sanchez declared a state of emergency on the 13th of last month. Going out of the country was restricted the next day, and shops other than grocery stores were excluded. And restaurants are also banned, and fines are imposed if they go out for no reason.
The Declaration of Emergency states that the state has temporary access to private facilities and services, such as factories and farms, but so far no action has been taken under this provision.
Germany
In Germany, on the other hand, no emergency declaration has been issued so far, but an emergency provision is provided in the constitutional "Basic Law".
The provisions do not allow the government to issue emergency orders on its own, following the lesson that similar provisions were abused by the Nazis during World War II, and that government actions should be taken in any emergency. Is placed in legislative and judicial control.
There is also a "resistance" to protect citizens' rights.
China
In addition, in China, where the spread of the new coronavirus was first confirmed in the world, there is a provision in the constitution that the president can declare `` emergency '', but responding to this new coronavirus Has not issued a declaration based on this provision.
In this infection control, local governments have designated their own `` risk levels '' based on rules applicable to sudden public health emergencies, and have dictated restrictions on movement, schools and businesses. You.
Korea
South Korea, which has been in a truce with North Korea for more than half a century, is authorized by the Constitution to issue "martial law" to the president in the event of an emergency.
In addition, there are several so-called emergency law systems in Korea, such as the law that allows people to forcibly collect land and goods owned by the people in an emergency, and the law on planning for efficient mobilization of goods and human resources. However, there has been no discussion of martial law on the new coronavirus so far.