The first person to lose his job in front of a robot ... Kasparov reconciles with artificial intelligence

Gary Kasparov is one of the greatest chess players in history. For nearly two decades after he became world champion in 1985, he dominated the game with his fierce playing style.

But Kasparov became more famous for his loss against a device in 1997, at the height of his rise, when the Russian player was crushed by a giant computer from the company called "IBM" called "Deep Blue" (Deep Blue), and the shock shocked the world, and it seemed to herald a new era Of the superiority of the machine over man.

Deep Blue followed manually coded rules for playing chess, and by contrast, AlphaZero - a program unveiled by DeepMind of the American company Alphabet in 2017 - learned the game and reached a very advanced level by training repeatedly. Again and again, Alvazero unveiled new styles of the game that astonished chess experts.

Last week, Kasparov returned to his famous defeat at a New York hotel ballroom for dialogue with artificial intelligence experts, and the WIRED journalist Will Knight met to discuss chess and artificial intelligence, and about devising a strategy to keep people at the forefront of machines, and these Answers of one of the best strategic planners in the world:

How was it to return to the place where you lost to Deep Blue?
"I made peace with her," says Gary Kasparov. "At the end of the day, the match was not a curse, but a blessing, because I was part of something very important, 23 years ago I was thinking differently, but things are changing; we all make mistakes, we lose, the important It is how we deal with our mistakes, and with our negative experiences. "

According to Kasparov, the experience of defeat in 1997 was unpleasant, but it helped him understand the future of human-machine cooperation, and ended the prevailing conviction that humans were unbeaten in chess.

Kasparov considers himself the first knowledge worker to lose his job in front of the machine, but he sees this as helping him to deliver a message to the public, because he is now a great supporter of computers.

What message do you want to give people about the impact of artificial intelligence?
Kasparov says it is important for people to realize the law of determinism, and when he hears this fear that artificial intelligence is coming quickly and will destroy our lives, he answers that this is true in all technologies.

He said that every technology that destroys jobs before creating jobs; when you look at the statistics, only 4% of jobs in the United States require human creativity. This means that 96% of jobs are terminated. And when these jobs begin to disappear, we need new industries and build foundations that help us.

A lot of people will have to compete with AI for their jobs, what advice do you have for them?
Kasparov believes that the human role is to understand exactly what this machine will need to do its best. For example, look at the x-ray machine; if you have a strong AI system, then you will need an advanced level experienced nurse to understand what the machine needs to do well.

"With Alvazero and future devices, I continue to describe the human role as a shepherd. He just has to push the herd of smart algorithms. Just push them mainly in one direction or another, and you will do the rest of the mission. Put the right machine in the right place to do the right job."

What do you think of the way technology is used for surveillance or as weapons?
"We learn from history that progress cannot be stopped, so we have certain things that we cannot prevent. If you restrict it completely in Europe or America, this will give an advantage to the Chinese. But I think we need to exercise more general control over Facebook," Kasparov says. And Google and other companies that generate a lot of data. "

"People say: We need to make artificial intelligence more ethical is nonsense. People still monopolize evil. The problem is not artificial intelligence; the problem is that humans use new technologies to harm other humans."

Similar to a woman's artificial intelligence chess player, it amplifies both good and bad. And we actually have to look and understand how we can fix it, not say "Oh, we can create the AI ​​that would be better than us." "It is a tool. Yes, it is a unique tool because it can increase our minds, but it is a tool. Unfortunately, we have enough political problems, inside and outside the free world, that could be exacerbated by the wrong use of this tool."