Al-Jazeera correspondent said that there are differences between the participants in the Berlin conference regarding the Libyan crisis, and related to the mechanisms for implementing the ceasefire, while Berlin witnessed bilateral meetings that preceded the conference, which was launched a little while ago and sponsored by the German government and involving leaders from Western and other Arab countries.

The conference started in the absence of the Prime Minister of the Libyan government of reconciliation, Fayez al-Sarraj, and retired Major General Khalifa Hifter.

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The reporter added that there is a tendency to establish four working committees to oversee the ceasefire, as well as to issue a resolution from the UN Security Council that imposes sanctions on the parties that violate it.

The reporter quoted diplomatic sources as saying that among the options offered to monitor and stabilize the cease-fire in Libya is the formation of an international or European force and that it will meet twice a month in closed form at the expert level, but Germany reserves this proposal.

Conditions of the reconciliation government
The reporter pointed out that the Libyan National Accord government - internationally recognized led by Fayez al-Sarraj - is demanding clear mechanisms at the Berlin conference to monitor the ceasefire.

It also calls for the reopening of the oil export valves to its advantage and the creation of a fund to compensate those affected by the war. In the event of agreement on a future consensual government, it must not be approved by the Tobruk Parliament, which supports the retired Major General Khalifa Haftar.

Actors in Libya, headed by the presidents of Russia, Turkey, France and Egypt, in addition to British Prime Minister Boris Johnson and the President of the European Commission, participated in the Berlin conference, and while Morocco expressed surprise that it was excluded from the conference, Tunisia apologized for attributing this, attributing the late invitation.

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Bilateral meetings
On the sidelines of the conference, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and Russian Vladimir Putin met, and Merkel and her foreign minister met in Siraj and Haftar separately at the German Chancellery.

Erdogan said that the Libyan reconciliation government signed the armistice at the last meeting in Moscow, and that Haftar was the one who refused to sign it, calling for a truce ending what he described as "Haftar's acts of aggression."

He also indicated that the ceasefire must be accepted and returned to the political process during the Berlin Summit so that Libya can achieve peace and stability.

For his part, Putin said that he hoped that the Libyan dialogue would continue despite the failure of Haftar to sign the Moscow agreement, considering that the Berlin conference will reap the participants of the fruits of what was agreed in Russia to solve the Libyan crisis.

The US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo had met earlier with his Turkish counterpart Mevlod Cawushoglu, and discussed the Libyan crisis, and Erdogan and Al-Sarraj also met in Berlin as well.

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Many doubts
On the other hand, Al-Sarraj said in an interview with the German News Agency that it was the international division and negative external interventions that contributed to fueling the Libyan crisis.

He added that there are many doubts about Haftar's seriousness and commitment to any future agreements or understandings.

Reuters reported that the draft final statement of the Berlin conference urges all parties to the crisis to refrain from hostilities against oil installations, and recognizes the Libyan National Oil Corporation in Tripoli as the only legal entity allowed to sell Libyan oil.

The invitation comes after tribesmen allied with the forces of retired Major General Khalifa Haftar closed all oil terminals in eastern Libya, despite international warnings of the repercussions of this step.