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January 11, 2020 If in 2018 there were about 62 thousand so-called "brain drain", who left Italy to move abroad, on the other hand, 598 thousand young people aged between 18 and 24 abandoned early school activity, risking ending up on the margins of our society. To emphasize this is the Cgia Study Office. "Given that losing over 60,000 young graduates and graduates every year constitutes a serious cultural impoverishment for our country, it is even more alarming that almost 600,000 young people decide to leave their studies early", warns the coordinator of the study office, Paolo Zabeo .

"Companies risk not being able to count on new workers sufficiently prepared"
"A number, the latter, 10 times higher than the first. A problem, that of the out-of-school people, which we are guilty of underestimating - continues Zabeo - given that in the next few years, also following the current denatality, businesses risk not being able to count on new workers sufficiently professionally trained. A problem that is already beginning to be felt in many production areas, especially in the North ".

"Poverty risk and social exclusion"
Although in recent years there has been a contraction of the phenomenon, a large number of young people continue to leave school prematurely, including compulsory education, contributing to increase youth unemployment, the risk of poverty and social exclusion. In fact, a person who does not have a minimum level of education is generally destined for a lifetime to a disqualified job, often precarious and with a very low remuneration level, compared to what he could aspire, at least potentially, if he had a title of medium-high study.

"Without skilled labor, there is a risk of general impoverishment of the country"
"Moreover - points out the secretary of the CGIA Renato Mason - a country that aspires to be modern, as well as being able to count on the use of advanced technologies, it is equally important that it can make use of a qualified workforce. Otherwise, there is the danger of a general impoverishment of the country system and, equally worryingly, of a marginalization of many subjects who can hardly be actively reintegrated into our society.

"Educational and economic poverty are closely related"
In fact, all the experts agree that educational poverty and economic poverty are closely related. "The causes of early school leaving are mainly cultural, social and economic, says Cgia again: the children who come from backgrounds socially disadvantaged and families with a low level of education are more likely to drop out of school before completing their studies.There is also a gender factor: more boys than girls drop out of school early.

2018: Italy third in the EU for school dropouts between young people between 18 and 24 years old
Although the escape from school desks is declining across Europe, in 2018 Italy ranks third among the 19 euro area countries due to early school leaving among young people aged between 18 and 24. While the percentage was 14.5 per cent (equal to approximately 598 thousand young people), only Malta (17.4 per cent) and Spain (17.9 per cent) have worse results than ours. The EU average stands at 11 percent. Between 2008 and 2018, the contraction of the phenomenon in Italy fell by 5.1 percent, almost in line with the EU average (-5.3 percent).

The southern regions have the highest levels of early school leaving
At the Italian territorial level, the association continues, it is the southern regions that record the highest levels of early school leaving. In 2018 in Sardinia 23 percent of young people left school before graduation (professional diploma, high school diploma, etc.). Sicily follows with 22.1 percent and Calabria with 20.3 percent. The situation in the latter region is worrying, compared to almost all the others compared to the figure for 2008: school drop-out in the last 10 years has increased by 1.8 percent. Trentino Alto Adige and Friuli Venezia Giulia (both with 8.9 percent), Abruzzo (8.8 percent) and Umbria (8.4 percent) are the most virtuous regions.

Northeast area that suffers less from this phenomenon
Overall, the Northeast is the area that suffers less from this phenomenon both in terms of the percentage of school dropouts (10.6 per cent) and the lower number of premature "exits". And according to surveys conducted by Unioncamere and Anpal, according to the CGIA, there were over 1 million jobs difficult to find in 2018 due to the misalignment between the demand and the offer of work; although in Italy youth unemployment exceeds 25 percent and companies report many difficulties in finding staff, especially with digital skills.

The causes are manifold but, according to the Cgia Research Office, it should not be forgotten that a strong polarization of the labor market is taking place in all European countries. In fact, if on the one hand companies are increasingly seeking personnel with high technical-professional specialization (electrical engineers, analysts and software designers, electrical engineers, electronic technicians, installers, maintainers, electric welding specialists, repairers of IT equipment , etc.), on the other hand they also need figures characterized by low levels of skills and specialization.

Among causes: D iffficulty in making the world of school dialogue with that of work
All this, linked to the demographic decline and the difficulties of making the world of school and the work dialogue, has made it very difficult for companies to find many high-profile professionals and on the other hand to cover the toughest and most tiring jobs. from a physical point of view, it was guaranteed, at least in part, thanks to the availability of immigrants.

The demographic decline also affects
Now, if the number of out-of-school students is not destined to drastically decrease, in the coming years it will be increasingly difficult for companies to find qualified staff, also because, according to the CGIA, the number of young people who are decreasing due to demographic decline they will enter the job market. On the other hand, these young people, who do not have adequate professional training, will be difficult to place on the job market, also because they risk losing competition from the outset in occupying low-skilled jobs.