Paris (AFP)

The various pension plans (private, civil servants, special ...), 42 in number, must, according to the government project, blend into a universal system points and retirement calculated over the entire career . Overview before the reform:

- General scheme -

68.4% of the assets benefit from it, who also contribute to a compulsory complementary scheme.

- Legal age of departure: 62 years old. Contribution period for a full-rate pension: 41.5 years. It will gradually increase to 43 by 2035.

- The basic scheme guarantees, subject to minimum age and contributory quarters, 50% of the reference salary, calculated on the best 25 years.

- Contribution period for a full-rate pension: from 41.5 years for the 1955 to 1957 cohorts, it has been extended by one quarter every three years from the 1958 generation to 43 years for the 1973 generation. Learning periods are now validated.

Regardless of the length of insurance, the full rate (75.2% by adding Agirc-Arrco add-ons) is guaranteed to insured persons at the latest at age 67.

- Difficulty account: it allows employees in difficult jobs to leave earlier, at best 60 years.

- Officials -

Of the 5.5 million civil servants, 4.3 million civil servants may retire at age 62 except the "active" (police, fire, prison supervisors, some nurses, maintenance workers). hospitals, caregivers ...) who can leave at age 52 or 57.

The calculation of their retirement is made over the last six months of salary, without the premiums which represent a substantial part of their remuneration. They contribute, like employees, around 11% to their plan.

1.2 million contractors are also subject, like employees, to the general scheme and to a complementary special scheme.

The military leaves the army at 43 years on average, and must justify 17 years of service (27 years for officers) to liquidate their retirement.

- Special diets -

They include employees from the public and parapublic sectors, and include the SNCF, the RATP, the electric and gas industries, the sailors, the Paris Opera, the Comédie-Française, the notary clerics, the Banque de France. .

Electricians and gas companies (EDF, Enedis, Engie ...) have their own pension plan, which covers nearly 140,000 employees and is financed mainly by employees and employers. A tax levied on the invoices balances the "historical" regime (before 2005) but is destined to go out.

This special scheme is gradually approaching the general scheme in terms of contribution period and age of departure, but is still more advantageous, in particular because the pension is calculated over the last six months as in the civil service.

Electricians and gas companies average 58.9 years (2018). The legal age is 62 for the generations born in 1962. They can leave until five years earlier, depending on the occupation.

At the SNCF and the RATP, special schemes are already undergoing a reform gradually increasing the age of departure. These schemes concern status agents, ie 130,000 of the 145,000 employees of the railway group and 41,000 of the 65,000 employees of RATP. Their pension is calculated on the basis of the last six months of salary.

At RATP, drivers and maintenance staff can retire earlier than other agents. At the beginning of 2019, a driver could become retired at age 50 and 8 months, an agent assigned to work at age 55 and 8 months, an administrative employee at age 60 and 8 months. But because of a haircut based on the number of quarters paid, the agents generally leave several years after the theoretical opening of their rights to receive a full pension.

Same situation at the SNCF. In early 2019, a driver could become retired at 50 years and 8 months, the other agents at 55 years and 8 months. But here too a haircut system is applied.

A public subsidy compensates for the imbalance between the number of retirees and the number of working people.

© 2019 AFP