From the useful policy to the Congress of the vanities

• THE WORLD: The covers that changed the history of Spain
• Editorial line. 30 measures to shake Spain

On February 1, 1990 there was an unexpected stir in the halls of the Congress of Deputies . Once the tense appearance in plenary of the vice president, Alfonso Guerra , for the scandal of his brother's office, the press officers - then said so - of La Moncloa warned that the president of the Government was going to appear before the journalists in the desk. "President?". "How weird". "It has to be an important announcement." The surprise of the informants was monumental.

"The President" - thus in capital letters Felipe González was received, almost with veneration - was not in the habit of appearing before the journalists. At that time, he only appeared before history. Gonzalez stood before the microphones in the room with a very angry gesture. As if to announce something terrible. The journalists who filled the desk room remained expectant, with an almost sacred silence. Gonzalez got to the point. «I want to inform you that this morning I instructed the State Attorney General to file a complaint against the newspaper EL MUNDO for accusing the Government of« prevailing ». "We are not willing to endure such slander." What he was not willing to bear was the first page headline in the January 31 newspaper issue. "Two ministers mentioned Juan Guerra in the Council that approved subsidizing him."

The atmosphere was very tense. A complaint from the president of the Government against a newspaper. I have never seen it. At the back of the room, a journalist from the young newspaper who had so displeased the president took notes of what he said and was getting smaller and smaller so that no one realized that he was there and worked in THE WORLD. A journalist who learned to be, a newspaper that had just begun to walk and a president they called "God." The correlation of forces was very unequal. The prosecutor paid attention to the president, filed the complaint and the judge did not even admit it to proceedings. The prosecutor was released shortly after, the president began to lose his divine halo there, this newspaper was placed in the market and this journalist began to lose fear of the appearance of the powerful. Alfonso de Salas, one of the recently deceased founders, said the newspaper won the lottery when the president announced the complaint.

Almost 30 years have passed since that press conference in which I would have liked to disappear. Former President Gonzalez is a venerable 77-year-old retiree - who has realized that he has had his last years in power - the newspaper he disliked so much and that he placed on the takeoff runway has turned 30 and That journalist can talk with him peacefully. Without fear. Alfonso Guerra resigned as vice president a year later, after severe political attrition by Juan Guerra's office, which was reproduced in an unforgettable drawing on the first page of EL MUNDO.

As the writer Antonio Gala said on the 20th anniversary of the newspaper, 89 was a good year to found a newspaper. Although then those who were here did not know.

From Felipism to Aznarism, through Zapaterism and leading to Marianism ... 30 years looking for the tickle of all governments

The newspaper arrived with the politics installed in the genes and with it it has gone through the last three decades of the history of Spain. From felipism - the word invented by the newspaper - to Aznarism, through zapaterism and leading to Marianism. Thirty years looking for tickle all the governments that have been and providing citizens with elements of judgment to put and remove the rulers in the successive elections. Three decades in which, on the occasion of the general elections, THE WORLD has put forward its 100 proposals for the regeneration of Spain. The term "regeneration" was one of the keys to the end of bipartisanship and the birth of new parties.

The exclusives of the newspaper on the most diverse corruption scandals of all the parties were the beginning of the opening of judicial summaries that ended in convictions of ministers and senior officials who seemed invincible. The denunciations of the abuses of the power were the key of vault of the birth of the newspaper.

Three decades in which Spain has gone from the imperfect bipartisanship that guaranteed the stability of the Government - or ruled the PSOE or the PP - to chronic institutional instability. Of the absolute majorities - or almost the two great parties, we have passed to a fragmentation of the unprecedented political representation since the Transition. The economic crisis of 2008 ended up causing the crisis of the 78 system, the birth of new parties and the worsening of the territorial crisis derived from the radicalization of Catalan independence. The Congress - a stage of great debates and the approval of transcendental laws that transformed the country - now appears as the scene of a permanent spectacle that runs out in itself, without producing laws or reforms. The so-called bipartisanship - whose excesses in the occupation of the institutions has denounced this newspaper from day one - has been replaced by a multipartism that finds no human form of understanding to guarantee governance.

The great speeches in the gallery have given the relay to the tweets. The elaborated strategies, to the impulses of the social networks. Like journalists' notebooks, they have been replaced by mobile phones. The new policy moves in social networks like a fish in the water, moved by young leaders raised by a society tired and disappointed of traditional politics. In the three decades of EL MUNDO, Gabriel Rufián has relieved Miquel Roca ; Albert Rivera , to Adolfo Suárez ; Pedro Sánchez , Felipe González ; Pablo Casado , to Mariano Rajoy ; Pablo Iglesias , Julio Anguita ... and the right has appeared pulling Franco who during these 30 years was comfortably housed in the PP electorate.

"The exclusives of the newspaper on cases of corruption of all parties ended up in convictions of ministers and senior officials who seemed invincible"

THE WORLD - a newspaper that is defined above all as "liberal" - attended live and related the reunification of the center-right parties led by Aznar, and now contemplates the reverse path: the fragmentation of this political space, as a consequence of Corruption and the Catalan crisis. The solid policy of the first two decades of this newspaper has given way to the liquid policy of the last decade. The useful and transformative policy that prompted reforms to change the country has changed into a tactical policy obsessively focused on elections. The endless electoral cycle in which the new policy quickly becomes old.

The first year we attended the end of the declining Adolfo Suárez who tried through the CDS to return to La Moncloa without success, and to the birth of the 13-year-old socialist hegemony alternative. An unexpected applicant came to the Presidency of the PP. José María Aznar , who years later would dethrone Gonzalez in the elections of 96. Legislature 93-96 was historic in the pages of the newspaper. It was the first serious crisis of Spanish democracy. The first episode of tension, which would later appear and disappear like a Guadiana. On the PSOE fell all kinds of pests in the form of corruption and dirty war. Mariano Rubio , Luis Roldán , Narcís Serra ... The socialist government collapsed from month to month, based on several scandals and resignations. The PSOE included the newspaper in the epicenter of a sort of conspiracy to take them out of power. He called it "the crime syndicate." The revelations about the GAL's dirty war - Amedo's confession and the terrible discovery of the Lasa and Zabala murders - took former Minister Barrionuevo and former Secretary of State Rafael Vera to jail. He never forgot the sadly disappeared Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba his press conferences as a spokesman for that last and agonizing Government.

"Three decades after being born, looking for Felipe González's tickle, the newspaper looked for them to the penultimate president, Mariano Rajoy."

This newspaper contributed, without a doubt, to the consolidation of a center-right alternative to the socialist government. Aznar united what was dispersed and the beginnings of the PP Government were greeted with optimism. The first legislature consolidated as a government party a center-right that had little to do with the classic right of Fraga. The relative honeymoon with the PP Government was broken with Aznar's support for the Iraq War. The first page with a picture of a Basra girl injured in her father's arms showed the horror of a war that most Spaniards rejected. The war knocked on the door of the Spaniards in the most horrific attack in the country's history. On 11-M, three days before the general elections, Islamist terrorism killed 193 people in Madrid. "The day of infamy," the newspaper titled. The massacre threw the Aznar de La Moncloa PP in the worst possible way. The 11-M is part of the history of Spain and also of that of this newspaper. Investigations into the details of the attack - which lasted for years - caused great controversy, not always positive for the prestige of the newspaper in one of its hallmarks: investigative journalism.

The elections raised the Government to José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero , a young socialist leader who arrived with a package of social transformations, such as gay marriage or the Equality law, and who had been elected in an open congress similar to the primary ones. The primary elections would transform the PSOE years later, whose intestinal wars monopolized the pages of the newspaper for months. First, the battle of Rubalcaba with Carme Chacón , both disappeared prematurely; then Susana Díaz's fight against Pedro Sánchez.

The 15-M -a street protest that was born spontaneously- marked the beginning of the so-called «new policy» and the crisis of the system that meant - nothing more and nothing less - than the relief at the headquarters of the State.

EL MUNDO discovered and published the actions of King Juan Carlos's son-in-law, Iñaki Urdangarin , who is serving a prison sentence for corruption, and which is at the origin of his abdication of the Emeritus in the person of his son, Felipe VI. The cover of today's Monarch's commitment to the journalist Letizia Ortiz is among the highlights of the newspaper's newspaper archive. «The Queen of television».

Three decades after he was born, looking for Felipe González's tickles, the newspaper sought them out to the penultimate president, Mariano Rajoy. The 'Bárcenas case' - the treasurer who met in 2013 with former director Pedro J. Ramírez on the bonuses and irregular financing of the PP - was the ultimate cause of the motion of censure that brought Rajoy from La Moncloa.

According to the criteria of The Trust Project

• Jose Maria Aznar
• PSOE
• Spain
• Felipe Gonzalez
• Mariano Rajoy
• Pedro Sanchez
• Adolfo Suarez
• Madrid
• Letizia Ortiz
• Julio Anguita
• Pablo Casado
• Pablo Iglesias
• Queen Letizia
• Susana Díaz
• Albert rivera
• Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba
• Carme Chacón
• Congress of Deputies
• José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero
• Philip VI
• Gabriel Rufián
• Iraq
• Iñaki Urdangarin
• World

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