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Migrants rescued by the ship "Ocean Viking" during their transfer to Maltese ships, August 23, 2019. Anne CHAON / AFP

The number of asylum applications in the OECD countries continues to fall, according to a latest report from the organization published on Wednesday 18 September showing that only 300,000 Africans have won a member country. " The idea that Europe is being invaded by African migrants is completely wrong, " say specialists.

While the French government is ready to launch a parliamentary debate on immigration and argues that France must " arm itself " in the face of immigration , the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has published a report Wednesday 18 September, proving that asylum applications have once again declined.

According to the 2019 International Migration Outlook , these claims fell by 35% in 2018 compared to the record of 1.65 million in 2015 and 2016. Among European countries, this decline was 10%, and 17% non-European OECD countries, including the United States, which remains the leading destination for asylum applications. They reached only 1.07 million in 2018 against 1.26 million in 2017.

While this report stresses a world open to the movement , where 5.3 million people have permanently migrated to one country of the organization - an increase of 2% over 2017 - it also demonstrates that the African continent contributes only slightly to this movement: only 300 000 Africans have won an OECD country in 2018.

No African country among the top 17

" The idea that Europe would be invaded by African migrants is completely false ," RFI Francois Héran, a professor at the Collège de France on the Migration and Society Chair, told RFI. The OECD is merely recalling facts that have been known for a long time and that have also been confirmed by Eurostat . "

According to the report, the majority of asylum seekers come from Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria and Venezuela. Even among migrants - humanitarian, economic and other reasons combined - no African nation is among the top countries of origin: the top five places are occupied by China, Romania, India, Poland and Vietnam. Morocco is the first African country on the list ... in 18th place, followed by Nigeria (31st), Algeria (46th), Egypt (48th) and Eritrea (49th).

" We have this image of the migrant who crosses the Mediterranean by boat, risking his life, and who comes to seek asylum in Europe , demystifies Jean-Christophe Dumont, head of the International Migration Division of the OECD in interview with RFI . There is also a fantasy that immigration to France and Europe comes mainly from African immigration, but you have to go far in the list to find African countries . "

The proof in the latest report of the United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR), published in June: 80 % of the 25.9 million refugees in the world live in a country neighboring their place of origin, especially in Uganda and Sudan, among the top five host countries with 1.2 million and 1.1 million refugees, respectively.

In France, an increase among Afghans, Albanians and Georgians

Although declining across the OECD, the number of people seeking asylum in France has increased by 21.1 % to about 111,000 . The majority of claimants come from Afghanistan ( 10,300), Albania ( 8,300) and Georgia ( 6,800), "reads the report.

" Then come the Guineans and Ivorians , complete Jean-Christophe Dumont. France remains the largest host country for African nationals with 3.8 million people, followed by the United States with 2.2 million . " But when we look at the number of arrivals in relation to the population of each country, France is very far behind in terms of reception, with less than half of the European Union, " insists Francois Héran , who is also a sociologist, anthropologist, demographer and director of the Convergences Migrations Institute .

Spain also experienced a 73% explosion in 2018, due to massive arrivals from the western Mediterranean, especially Venezuelans. For Spain, the trend is spectacular: in 2016, there were 15,000 applications. In 2018, there were 52,000.

A rapid family reunion that promotes integration

In this report, the OECD also displays the employment rate among migrants. If it is 68.8 % , 2.4 points lower than the native ones of the host country, the unemployment rate went from 9.4% to 8.7% between 2017 and 2018.

Young and low-skilled migrants are the most concerned: in the EU, more than 18% of migrants aged 15-24 were unemployed or in school, compared to 11% of natives, a lower rate among the other member countries of the EU. OECD. In France and Italy, only 40% of recent immigrants had found a job in 2018, unlike the United Kingdom and Ireland where the outlook improved in 2018.

While " some countries have restricted family reunification procedures ," the organization notes, the integration of the family, especially children, is faster when the family benefits from " rapid family reunion ."

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