"Certainty calls for the Palace of Hope, the Palace of Hope calls for asceticism, asceticism inherits wisdom, and wisdom inherits consideration of the consequences."
(The Egyptian Noun)
The English Orientalist Reynold Nicholson describes in his book “Sufism in Islam” [1] that the first two Sufis were peaceful ascetics, that their seized sense of sin, fear of God or love of God or knowledge of God, as well as the meanings of devotion, longing, being alone, asceticism and others; Knowing its pillars and milestones over time, and that the experience of the worshiper or mystic, and the sense of seized before, during and after this experience of self-faith is what can distinguish the mysticism from other sciences!
The edifice of mysticism - far from the changes that took place and its political connections - was defined on the shoulders of the men of the second and third centuries AH, such as Ibn al-Mubarak, Ibrahim ibn Adham, al-Daraynيد, al-Junaid, al-Adawiya, al-Bustami and others, but a man emerged in Egypt, which revolutionized the contents of mysticism as a mature science. , A unique experience. That man, is the Egyptian Nun Sufi worshiper, the chemist world, and the tourist who never stops traveling in the land of God, who is the Nun Egyptian? What was his experience? What new came in the science of mysticism and remained effective to this day ?!
Zun N .. The world of multi-talent!
Thoban ibn Ibrahim al-Masri, nicknamed Abu al-Fayd, was born in 155 AH / 771 CE in the city of Akhmim, Upper Egypt, to a Nubian family known as asceticism and piety. And Salwa, which God sent them to the children of Israel, Votit asked her [2]!
In the midst of this environment, Zul Nun lived his first life, that life, which implanted the cultivation of meditation and reflection, has been influenced that he heard one day shouting and wedding, he said what is this ?! It was: Wedding! And he heard beside him crying and shouting, he said: What is this? It was said: so and so died. He said: I give these people what they thanked, and plagued those what have been patient. He swore not to stay in the country and went out to Fustat [3] and became his home and housing.
In the meantime, Thoban or Dhul Nun identified a man whose reason for changing his life to the field of mysticism, subculture, asceticism and austerity, that man was Shaqran Moroccan Abed, who is famous for asceticism, piety and piety, and do not have much knowledge of his history and details of his life. "Layers of Sufism": "Aref Zia appeared, and good to mention and praise, was impressive conditions, and shrines luxury" [4].
The effect of Zulnun travel to receive science on the elders and scientists of his time, Vtmlmz at the hands of Imam Malik bin Anas (d. 179 e) Imam of the people of the city, and the founder of the Maliki school, where he narrated the Muwatta, and in Egypt heard from Laith bin Saad updated and famous jurist, as he heard from virtue Ibn Ayyad, Ibn Lahia and others, but that not only study the science of the Koran and Hadith, to become one of the modern scholars of his time at the time, but decided to study the science of secrets as it was then called, namely the science of chemistry and talismans "archeology and inscriptions" and studied medicine and knew, and left In chemistry three books are "the biggest corner" and the book "confidence in workmanship" and the book "Wonderland" [5]!
Mysticism is very Nun!
With this great knowledge and knowledge that enabled him to teach his students the students of his time and their elders, Zul Nun opted to annihilate his life as an ascetic worshiper as a tourist in the land of God.His life was a strange mixture of asceticism and the keenness to establish a unique mystical school.This is what prompted the German Orientalist Ann Marie Schimmel to describe it. He was one of the most attractive and mystifying personalities of Sufism, and he was one of the most prominent hidden spiritual figures in Islam [6]!
Zulnun was the first Sufi in the history of Islam to speak knowledge on an organized scientific basis, but considered knowledge of God as the ultimate purpose of the Sufi way, says: "It is as far as the slave of his Lord knows his self-denial, and the full knowledge of God completely self-denial," God is here; the slave's realization that only God is the true doer of everything, the aspirant of all, capable of everything, and that the slave has no action, no power and no will, and thus knowledge of God as understood by Dhul Nun leads to total self-denial. Which was manifested at Abu Yazid Bustami later [7]!
Dhul-Nun detailed in the knowledge and types and degrees and ways to reach it in a way that has never been before, knowing the oneness of God through the book and the Sunnah, and knowledge of its individuality and ability its way of disclosure, and knowing the name of God the greatest gift of God to whom he wants of his worshipers. The Egyptian Noun was credited with deepening the idea of "subconscious" as one of the attributes inherent in the concept of mysticism. When he speaks of repentance, he states that they are two types; repentance of commoners, repentance of properties, and repentance of commoners are sins. His kingdom [8].
He was also the owner of a mobile Sufi school, many travels, asked to meet with his brothers and his companion to hear them and hear them, and tells about many tales to show his love for travel and tourism in the land of God, he visited Mecca, Basra, the Levant, the mountains of Jerusalem, Sinai, Antioch, Iraq and others, and became his Every city and country of these countries are meridians who were inspired by him, and he was influenced by him. Humans and Aloj The hearing and repentance, sincerity and piety, piety and trust and negligence and other [9].
From ordeal to communion and levitation!
Perhaps the ambiguity of his terminology, and the necessity of the path of Sufism of the lack of clarity, which is hardly understood by common people, led many people to accuse him of heresy and atheism, he was carried to Baghdad restrained, and met with the Abbasid Caliph al-Mutawakkil on God T. 247 AH who wanted to explore the truth of this man and what is accused of him, Zulnun received him steady non-fear of the Caliph nor his place, which made Mutawakkil asks Zunun to hear something from the words of ascetics, to respond to Zunun after ptosis and meditation, saying:
"O Commander of the Believers, God has servants who worshiped him with the most sincere secret, so He honored them with sincere thanks, for they are those whose newspapers pass with the angels, so that if they become filled with them from the mystery of what they are consecrated to, they are worldly, and their hearts are heavenly, their hearts have contained knowledge. As if they worshiped him with the angels between those vulva and the dishes of the heavens, they did not hide in the spring of falsehood, and did not feed in the summer resort of sins, and God forbid them to see them yawn on the trails of deception ...
The words of Dhul Nun and his preaching influenced the same Caliph al-Mutawakkil, and touched him with sincerity and determination, as he felt reassurance and comfort. "If these are heretics, what on earth is a Muslim?" [10].
Zulnun returned to Egypt reinforced by the Caliph and the general public, famous in the horizons of the Islamic world at the time, master of Sadat mysticism, a wandering tourist on the face of Yahya Mawlh what improves the action and meditation, it was reported that he was wandering on the shore of the Nile alone, and he was strangled towards the desert, and suddenly He was interviewed by an unknown person who disclosed to him the secret he had been searching for. She said to him: O hero, love has no end. He said why? She said: because the beloved has no end [11]!
The Nun "looked through, and Vazdegger stated, it is important to the science of illumination, and satisfactory judgment-speaking facts, super-methods"
Zul Nun realized that the world was worthless, and that it was a creation of God no more. By your oneness, it indicates that it is not like you, and that you often do not overcome, and do not know "[12]!
That old mystic who lived in the second half of the second century AH and the first half of the third century AH, a thousand hundred years from now, his scattered remarks and sayings and poems in the sources of Sufism remained strong resonance in his right, especially in Iran and Anatolia. From the language of trees, birds and nature around him, he was also understood by the great poets of Sufism in Iran, and the famous Turkish mystic poet Yunus Imrah in Anatolia, so that Zul Nun could be described as the first Sufi philosophers [13]!
In the year 245 AH / 859 AD, at the age of ninety years, spent in the side of God and satisfaction, he died in the Egyptian city of Giza, he was carried in a boat, and did not cross the Nile on a bridge for fear of interrupting the thousands of composers that went to his funeral burial in Egypt. To end the life of the mystic tourist in the land of God, the man whom Abu Naim said in his most famous book "Ornament of the Awliya" that the Noun "looked through, and stated Does not die his mysterious and full of strange right!