Ibn Hazm Al-Dhaheri. Andalusian jurist and author exiled to the desert because of his views

Highlights: Ibn Hazm virtual was born in Cordoba, Andalusia, and was appointed minister of the caliph Al-Mustazhar. He retired from the ministry quickly and changed it to interest in science and dedication to it. He is classified as the second father of the virtual school after its founder Dawood bin Ali al-Baghdadi. He was first Shafi'i doctrine, until he drifted to the apparent evidence and the introduction of the general book and the Sunnah.

Ibn Hazm virtual was born in Cordoba, Andalusia, and was appointed minister of the caliph Al-Mustazhar, but he retired from the ministry quickly and changed it to interest in science and dedication to it, so he had his opinions and writings and was known as the doctrine of virtuality, which was named by it.

Abu Muhammad Ali bin Ahmed bin Saeed bin Hazm bin Ghalib bin Saleh bin Khalaf bin Ma'dan bin Sufyan bin Yazid Al-Andalusi - Al-Qurtubi by birth and homeland, and originally Persian.

His lineage goes back to Yazid Mawla Yazid bin Abi Sufyan bin Harb, and his relationship with Andalusia dates back to the entry of his grandfather Khalaf bin Ma'dan, accompanied by Abd al-Rahman al-Dakhil.

Birth and upbringing

Ibn Hazm was born in Cordoba in Ramadan of the year 384 AH corresponding to the year 994 AD.

He grew up in the court of the Amiri state, where his father was a minister to its successor Al-Mansur bin Abi Amer, and then to his son Al-Muzaffar after him, and he himself was appointed minister after his father to the caliph Al-Mustazhar, but he soon abandoned all that and worked in science.

His studies and knowledge

The conditions were ripe for Ibn Hazm to choose what suits him in terms of course, by virtue of prestige, personal qualifications, abundance and influence.

He started politics from the top of the ladder, but he abandoned it quickly and worked with science, mastering Shafi'i jurisprudence, then Maliki, then assets, hadith, history, literature, language, theology and philosophy.

Among those who were taken from them were: Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Al-Jasoor, Yunus bin Abdullah bin Mughith, Hammam bin Ahmed, Abdullah bin Rabi', Al-Talmanaki, Yahya bin Mas'ud and others, as he heard from Ahmad bin Omar Al-Athri and Ibn Abd al-Barr.

Ibn Hazm was first Shafi'i doctrine, until he drifted to the apparent evidence and the introduction of the general book and the Sunnah, and to say the original innocence and deny the measurement of both kinds, highlighting the characteristics of his doctrine virtual, classified as the second father of the virtual school after its founder Dawood bin Ali al-Baghdadi.

Its scientific implications

The scientific effects of Ibn Hazm are manifested in two points: the level of his students and the abundance and diversity of his writings.

His students and the most prominent of those who took knowledge from him:

His son credited.
Shurayh bin Muhammad.
Abu Abdullah al-Humaidi.
Abdullah bin Muhammad al-Ma'afari, father of Judge Abu Bakr bin al-Arabi al-Ma'afari.

Second: His Writings

Ibn Hazm is the second largest Arab author after Ibn Jarir al-Tabari, where it is narrated from his son Al-Fadl that he collected from his works in his handwriting, reaching 400 volumes in 80 thousand papers in various sciences, most notably:

Chapter in boredom, whims and bees.
Tightness in the principles of judgments.
Reply to the Gospels of the Christians.
Dove's collar in intimacy and thousands.
The manifestation in jurisprudence and its local explanation.
The brilliant message.
Summary of the invalidation of measurement, opinion, approval, imitation and reasoning.
Ranks of consensus.
The ills of the hadith.
Dividing one-fifth.
Negation of contradiction from the effects of apparent contradiction.
Farewell argument.
Summarize and clear.
Collector Sahih Hadith.
Receipt to the understanding of the Book of Qualities (missing).
The difference of the five jurists (missing).
Dictation on the explanation of the Muwatta (missing).
Dur rules in the jurisprudence of virtual (missing).

Opinions of scientists about it

The opinions of the scholars who were exposed to Ibn Hazm vary between Muthin and Qadah.

First: Commenders

Al-Ezz bin Abd Al-Salam says "What I saw in the books of Islam in science, such as the local by Ibn Hazm and the book of the singer by Sheikh Muwaffaq al-Din."

Elisaa Al-Ghafiqi says "As for its reserve, it is a sea of ajaj and snow water, from which comes the coral of judgment, and thousands of blessings grow with its snow in the gardens of determination, it has preserved the sciences of Muslims and raised it, and raised all the people of religion..."

Al-Humaidi says "He was a preserver of the hadith and his jurisprudence, deducing the rulings from the Qur'an and Sunnah, mastering many sciences, working with his knowledge, what we saw like him in what he met from intelligence, speed of memorization, generosity of soul and religiosity, and he had in literature and poetry a wide breath and a long history..."

Al-Mu'tadid ibn Abbad publicly burned Ibn Hazm's books and exiled him to the Badia of Labla where he remained until his death (Shutterstock)

Abu al-Qasim Sa'id says "Ibn Hazm was the most knowledgeable of the people of Andalusia for the sciences of Islam with his expansion in the science of the tongue and his luck of rhetoric, poetry and knowledge of biographies and news..."

Abu Hamid al-Ghazali says "I found in the names of Allah, may He be exalted, a book written by Ibn Hazm that indicates the greatness of his memorization and runny mind."

Second: Critics of Ibn Hazm

Among those who criticized Ibn Hazm Ibn his disciple Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi, saying: "Virtual absurd nation Tswort on a rank that is not hers, and spoke words we did not understand, received from their brothers Kharijites when he judged me on the day of two rows, and was the first heresy I met in my journey to say the subconscious, when I returned I found the saying apparently, has filled Morocco absurd was from the desert of Seville known as Ibn Hazm, grew up and attached to the doctrine of Shafi'i, then belonged to David and then deposed all and independence himself, and claimed to be the imam of the nation puts and raises and governs and legislates, and attributed to the religion of God what is not in it ...".

Abu al-Abbas ibn al-'Arif says "The tongue of Ibn Hazm and the sword of pilgrims are brothers."

As Ibn Taymiyyah says in it "He mixed with the sayings of the philosophers and the Mu'tazilites in matters of attributes, which distracted him from the approval of the people of hadith in the meanings of their doctrine in that, so these agreed in the word and those in the meaning, and in such a way he became vilified by those who vilified him from the jurists, theologians and scholars of hadith by following the appearance of no interior..."

His ordeal, death and exile

Ibn Hazm's sermons and writings were a major cause of his plight, given the prejudice they contained against the schools of thought and their imams, and the rejection of the dissolution of the Islamic Caliphate and the dispersion of its legacy between sects.

This caused a widespread uproar against him, which led to his harassment by the kings of the sects, and even al-Mu'tadid ibn Abbad publicly burned his books and exiled him to the Badia of Labla.

He established confusion for the last twenty years of his life until he died in late Sha'ban in 456 AH corresponding to the year 1064 AD, at the age of 72 years, leaving a huge heritage and major questions.