According to news from the CCTV news client on March 14, monitoring data show that the level of influenza activity, mainly influenza A, has continued to rise recently.
Prior to this, the China National Influenza Center released the 741st China Influenza Surveillance Weekly Report for the eighth week of 2023 on March 2.
Surveillance data show that the positive rate of influenza virus detection in the southern and northern provinces continued to rise this week, with A(H1N1)pdm09 being the main type and A(H3N2) subtype influenza viruses co-circulating.
The percentage of influenza-like cases continued to rise in southern and northern provinces.
A total of 390 ILI outbreaks were reported that week.
This means that there are currently two subtypes of influenza A virus circulating in our country.
Influenza A is more severe than the common cold
Common cold: mild systemic symptoms, severe local symptoms, manifested as low-grade fever, cough, runny nose, sneezing and other symptoms, the duration is short, usually can be recovered within two or three days.
Influenza A: Severe systemic symptoms, mild local symptoms, manifested as high fever, chills, muscle pain, fatigue, etc., respiratory symptoms are not obvious, and the proportion of complications is relatively high.
It is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets, and the crowd is generally susceptible.
Influenza A and new crown may overlap infection
Experts said that influenza A and the new crown are both respiratory infectious diseases. It is currently the flu season, and theoretically, superimposed infection can be possible.
Tong Zhaohui, director of the Beijing Institute of Respiratory Diseases: For example, if you have underlying diseases, when your body’s immune function is low, and it’s in the flu season, for example, if the new crown has not been completely eliminated, then the merger will be beneficial. There is still the possibility of co-infection with the new coronavirus or influenza virus.
Wang Guiqiang, Director of the Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital: If you do not take good protection, you may be infected at the same time or sequentially. But now we are testing like fever clinics. We also test for influenza and new crowns. Currently, new crowns The detection did not find.
Immunity develops after having a flu
Wang Guiqiang, Director of the Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital: After being infected with influenza A and these viral infectious diseases, they will have a certain degree of protection in a short period of time and will form a certain immune barrier, so after being infected this year, you may not be seriously infected next year. , or asymptomatic.
Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent flu
Experts said that to prevent influenza A, the first thing to do is to promote vaccination, especially for the elderly, children and people with underlying diseases. It is recommended to be vaccinated against influenza every year.
At present, there are 3-valent and 4-valent influenza vaccines in China, and vaccination with 3-valent or 4-valent vaccines can obtain the protective effect against influenza A.
After vaccination, effective antibodies can be produced in about two weeks.
Therefore, generally speaking, the recommended vaccination time is at the end of October every year, that is, before the epidemic period.
If you are in the epidemic period of influenza A, timely vaccination can also achieve a certain preventive effect.
These key populations should be prioritized for influenza vaccination
In principle, all people aged 6 months and above who are willing to receive influenza vaccine and have no contraindications can receive influenza vaccine.
In order to minimize the harm of influenza and its impact on the prevention and control of the new coronary pneumonia epidemic, the "Technical Guidelines for Influenza Vaccination in China (2021-2022)" recommends vaccinating key and high-risk groups in order of priority, including:
medical staff
Large-scale event participants and security personnel
Vulnerable groups and employees in crowd gathering places such as nursing homes
Nursery institutions, primary and secondary schools and other key places
Home-based seniors aged 60 and over
Children aged 6 months to 5 years
chronic disease patients
pregnant woman
Key and High-Risk Populations
Oseltamivir should be taken according to the doctor's advice
The indication for oseltamivir treatment is people over 1 year old. Generally, patients take it within 48 hours of infection, and the treatment effect is the best.
Oseltamivir is only effective against influenza virus, not against other viruses.
For children, typical symptoms such as high fever and muscle aches, combined with a positive test for influenza virus, require the use of the drug.
Oseltamivir has certain side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.
Xu Baoping, director of the Respiratory Department of Beijing Children's Hospital, said that during an influenza outbreak, people who cannot be prevented by vaccines can use drugs for prevention, that is, for those who meet the indications for preventive medication, it is recommended to take oseltamivir as soon as possible under the guidance of a doctor.
Liu Wei, director of the Pharmacy Department of Beijing You'an Hospital, said that patients do not need to hoard medicines.
Patients of different age groups have different doses of medication, it is recommended to go to the hospital to take the medication according to the doctor's advice.
How to determine is got a stream?
Have you ever been in contact with a patient with influenza A?
The most important thing is to judge the epidemiological history. If you have been in contact with a patient with influenza A, or if many people around you have similar symptoms such as fever, cough, and sore throat, it may be influenza A.
Judging by clinical manifestations
Symptoms of influenza are usually systemic symptoms. In addition to fever, cough, sore throat, and runny nose, it is often accompanied by symptoms such as headache, fatigue, and muscle and joint pain.
Pathogen detection
Identification by pathogen detection, such as influenza A throat swab detection.
To prevent influenza A, daily attention:
Do a good job of personal protection, maintain good hygiene habits such as hand hygiene and cough etiquette.
During the influenza epidemic season, try to avoid going to crowded places, avoid contact with people with respiratory symptoms, and take personal protection if contact is necessary.
When respiratory symptoms occur, they should rest at home, conduct health observation, and go to work or class without illness; when going to the hospital for medical treatment, patients and accompanying staff need to wear masks to avoid cross-infection; students with fever, cough and other respiratory symptoms should promptly Observe and treat at home, and cooperate with various prevention and control measures in case of clustered epidemics.
(China News Service (CNS1952) is compiled from China News Network (Wei Xianghui, Du Yan, Gao Yaman, Wang Ying), CCTV News Client, Healthy China, Xinhua News Agency, People's Daily, China Business News, Jiefang Daily, etc.)