China News Service, February 20th (Zuo Yuqing, Zhongxin Finance and Economics) Cancer is a veritable specter of death.
Today, the "first killer of cancer" has been translocated.
According to the latest 2020 global cancer burden data released by the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), the number of new cases of breast cancer worldwide will increase rapidly to 2.26 million in 2020, officially replacing lung cancer as the world's largest cancer for the first time.
Among them, the number of new breast cancer cases among women in my country was 420,000, ranking first, far exceeding other types of cancer in women.
So, what is the level of diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer in my country?
Can breast cancer be prevented?
Recently, Xu Binghe, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, chairman of the Breast Cancer Expert Committee of the National Center for Cancer Quality Control, and professor of the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, accepted an exclusive interview with Zhongxin Finance and Economics.
The overall survival rate is valued. What is the level of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment in my country?
"Compared with the past 30 years, my country's progress in the field of breast cancer is very obvious." According to Xu Binghe, at present, the gap between my country's breast cancer treatment and research and the international advanced level is getting smaller and smaller, and even in some fields Achieved transcendence.
"For example, the self-developed domestic innovative drug pyrotinib has broken the long-term monopoly of the 'HER-2' target by imported drugs; the research results have been published in top international journals and participated in the formulation of international guidelines, which illustrate the achievements of Chinese doctors It has been increasingly recognized by international peers." Xu Binghe said.
In Xu Binghe's view, the diagnosis and treatment level of some large tumor specialist hospitals in my country has basically been in line with international standards, but there are still great differences between the eastern and western urban and rural areas, and between specialized hospitals and general hospitals.
"Overall, the development is not particularly balanced. How to achieve the homogeneity and standardization of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment across the country is the direction of our future efforts."
Xu Binghe, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.
Photo provided by the interviewee.
At the same time, Xu Binghe pointed out that individualized treatment should be carried out on a standardized basis.
"The pathological type of breast cancer is different for each person. Therefore, individualized treatment for different molecular subtypes is a very important research tool."
The increased risk of cardiovascular and other diseases that may be caused by breast cancer treatment also draws attention to comprehensive and full-cycle interdisciplinary management.
"For example, some targeted drugs may cause chronic heart failure, and some treatments may cause hyperlipidemia, endometrial thickening, uterine fibroids, and even endometrial cancer. How to reduce the risk of these diseases or treat them in time after occurrence, Improving the overall survival rate of breast patients is also the direction of our future research."
In addition, Xu Binghe also emphasized the importance of innovation.
"Our country's original innovation is still insufficient. Many guidelines and norms are still borrowed from foreign countries. It is necessary to continuously strengthen clinical research and continuously innovate drugs and diagnosis and treatment technologies."
How to prevent the incidence of breast cancer is increasing year by year?
Xu Binghe pointed out that the incidence of breast cancer in my country is increasing year by year.
"In recent years, it has been increasing at an annual rate of 3-4%."
So, what are the predisposing factors for breast cancer?
Can it be prevented?
Xu Binghe said that there are many factors in the incidence of breast cancer, and genetic factors account for about 5-10%.
"Women who carry the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes have a significantly increased risk of breast cancer."
Abnormal sex hormone levels are one of the main risk factors.
"Early menstruation (less than 12 years old) or late menopause (later than 55 years old), nulliparity, late childbearing, etc., will affect the time when the breast is exposed to estrogen, thereby increasing the risk of disease. High-fat and high-calorie eating habits, obesity, Mental stress and other factors can also lead to estrogen disturbances.”
Xu Binghe, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.
Photo provided by the interviewee.
In addition, some rare benign breast diseases, such as atypical hyperplasia of the breast, also affect the incidence.
Xu Binghe pointed out that the current peak incidence of breast cancer is in the 50s and 60s, but young women should still be vigilant against bad living habits.
"Maintain a healthy lifestyle, such as improving work and rest schedules and eating habits, and paying attention to proper exercise."
Xu Binghe said that the current pace of life is getting bigger and bigger, and people's work pressure is gradually increasing. How to learn to relax properly is very important.
"Excessive stress can also lead to endocrine disorders and affect the body's immune function, leading to the occurrence of tumors. Not only breast cancer, but also other tumors have a higher risk of occurrence."
Can AI replace doctors for diagnosis and treatment when it meets cancer?
Recently, the popularity of ChatGPT has made many people think about the impact of artificial intelligence on the future life of human beings.
Can artificial intelligence promote medical progress?
In the face of malignant tumors with complex symptoms such as breast cancer, can artificial intelligence show its skills?
To the question "Do you think you will replace some occupations of humans?", ChatGPT answered: "Some occupations, especially those requiring repetitive and precise tasks, may be affected by artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies. Influence."
Data entry clerks, repetitive office jobs, simple tasks on the factory line, telemarketers, simple customer service jobs are all considered jobs that ChatGPT can replace by itself.
However, for the more technically complex medical field, can ChatGPT be competent?
"In fact, ChatGPT has already been used in the diagnosis of some diseases in foreign countries." Xu Binghe said that after importing a large number of cases, ChatGPT can make judgments through self-learning.
"Maybe sometimes it's better than a doctor's diagnosis."
Xu Binghe, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.
Photo provided by the interviewee.
At the same time, Xu Binghe pointed out that ChatGPT cannot completely replace doctors for diagnosis.
"The discovery of new diseases and the discovery of molecular positives still need to rely on the clinical judgment of doctors. Therefore, although AI may be deeply involved in diagnosis, it is still difficult to intervene in the field of treatment."
Xu Binghe pointed out that compared with doctor treatment, AI treatment is difficult to "personalize".
"AI can give the best treatment plan based on case collection, but for patients, the 'best' plan with good effect is not necessarily the most suitable plan. For example, patients will worry about whether the treatment plan will cause hair loss? AI cannot Consider these factors."
"Treatment is not only a technology, but also an art." Xu Binghe said, "Doctors must always pay attention to the patient's psychological activities and care for the patient during communication, which is something that AI cannot do." (End)