By the mid-2000s it had become clear that the “cyberspace” created via the Internet had enormous implications for the broader dynamics and patterns of international politics, and the concept of cyberpolitics was forming an area of academic research, outpacing the hype to analyze the content of online political debate. And knowing how to use it and its consequences on many issues and infrastructures of different countries of the world based on information technology and communication technology, in all industrial, military and security fields, energy, water, health, transportation system, banking sector, financial and governmental institutions, until the cyber spectrum has become an integral part of national security, and entered In changing the form, techniques and methods of wars due to the changing nature of its threats and damage to the vital and strategic institutions and centers of states.
Professor of International Relations and Cyber Politics Nazli Shoukry was perhaps one of the first to draw attention to the topic of “cyber politics” as a modern term that refers to the association of processes or realities of political interactions related to determining who gets what, when and how, enabled by the uses of “cyber” space. as a new field in international relations.
Cyberspace affects various areas of life, including the political field, as it contributes - through its various tools - to redrawing the local and global political scene, and works to reshape awareness and political perception of individuals and societies.
Subsequently;
The general scientific understanding of the meaning of “politics” in cyberspace is based on taking an explicit account of this space in the analysis of global politics, the observed patterns of cyber access and participation around the world, as well as the new types of international conflicts and disagreements that arise from activities in the virtual world, not an end. The new urgent necessities formed by the emergence of the Internet in the interpretation of international relations theories and their methodological tools.
There is no doubt that cyber policy today has become a widely used term by academics and researchers interested in analyzing the wide scope of the influence of the Internet on political activities. The impact of electronic challenges on governments, organizations and societies in general.
The foregoing confirms that cyber politics has become, during the past two decades, one of the most important global public issues, and has gone beyond a mere technical issue in international politics or a theoretical research issue.
As the "cyber spectrum" affects democracies, dictatorships, political processes, interactions between the state and society, markets, and policy-making at all levels, not to mention its impact on a wide variety of political issues such as: sovereignty, elections, campaigns, democracy, protest, repression, war, security policy, counter-terrorism, cooperation and international conflict and immigration and diaspora politics, identity and citizenship.
Thus, questions began to impose themselves in this context, such as: How does politics control cyberspace?
How does this space affect politics?
What is the extent to which cyberspace is used for political activity?
How does digital technology change democratic politics?
How does it affect politics and international relations?
Has cybersecurity really become a political issue?
Will all governance models be affected by cyberspace?
Will electronic democracy affect other models of governance across countries?
And many other questions that arise in light of a looming horizon thanks to the expansion of cyberspace, which necessitated redefining what is global, what is human, and what is moral and ethical.
The round of reviews witnessed by the various social and human sciences with humanity entering the Fourth Industrial Revolution is no longer - it seems - sufficient to express contemporary reality, and soon we will have to engage in a new round of review in terms of international relations as humanity enters the age of political cyber.
It is true that talking about cyber transformation does not need many introductions to confirm its importance and great impact on the future of countries, societies and individuals in all human societies.
Humankind lives in an informational and technological acceleration based on artificial intelligence systems, the Internet of Things, and giant data as one of the engines of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Many studies and articles have been written, and many seminars and conferences have been organized at the local, regional and global levels to talk about these issues and their future implications. The effects of technological development and the trend towards digitization and cyber regulation on many political, social or economic interactions have become tangible and direct, felt by citizens in almost all countries of the world, without the need for much explanation and clarification about what they are.
Therefore, what can be said here is that cyberspace affects various areas of life, including the political field, as it contributes - through its various tools - to redrawing the local and global political scene, and works to reshape the awareness and political perception of individuals, societies and countries in a way that is different from what it was before. Decades, as we find new perceptions and structures being established in international relations, where politics no longer lives in the realm of limited realism.
In addition, today cyber politics has created a world in which everything seems to be at risk;
From hospitals, trains, dams, energy and water to banks… the ubiquitous proliferation of digital space, devices, data and tools combined with the fluid and multi-agency nature of cyber exploitation has targeted sectors outside the historical boundaries of conflict.
Based on this, the main manifestation of the politicization of cyberspace is that it has become the content of negotiations between countries and relevant international organizations that have begun to gradually take an interest in the cyber problem.
However, despite the endless opportunities offered by cyber technology for progress and development and the exceptional global risks and challenges it entails, the international principles and rules that govern the course of its use are still questionable and are developing at a slow pace.
Therefore, addressing cyber policy lies in effective management of the Internet governance scene and making a comprehensive international effort with shared responsibility across ecosystems for all actors, players and suppliers in the cyber scene in which most - if not all - areas of real life extend.