One of the most important Islamic personalities, he has priorities, including that he is the first free man to embrace Islam, and the first of the Rightly Guided Caliphs. He was born in Makkah and was the companion of the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - on his migration to Medina.

He was chaste before his conversion to Islam and pious after him, and he witnessed with the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - all his conquests, and in his caliphate he fought those who refused zakat and apostates from Islam after the death of the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, and during his reign the Islamic state expanded to the north and the collection of the Qur’an began.

Birth and upbringing

The great companion Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq, his name is Abdullah bin Uthman bin Aamer bin Amr bin Ka’b bin Saad bin Taym bin Murra bin Ka’b bin Luay bin Ghalib Al-Qurashi, and he meets the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - on his sixth grandfather once, and he is nicknamed Abu Bakr, which is From "the firstborn" (the boy from the camels).

Abu Bakr - may God be pleased with him - was born on October 27, 573 AD in Makkah Al-Mukarramah, two years and months after the birth of the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace.

His father was called Abu Quhafa, and he converted to Islam on the day of the conquest, and his mother's name is Salma bint Sakhr bin Amer bin Ka'b, and she is the daughter of his father's uncle, and she is called Umm al-Khair, and she converted to Islam early.

Abu Bakr was called Al-Siddiq, and there were many narrations about the reason for that title. It was said that he was called him in the Jahiliyyah, because he was known for his honesty. He was called a friend on more than one occasion.

He was also called Al-Ateeq, and the sayings differ as to the reason for that. It was said that the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - was the one who called him by him, because he said, “You are God’s freed from the fire.” So he was named Ateeq, and it was said that he was named for his face, i.e. for his beauty, and it was said that his mother was A child does not live for her, so when Abu Bakr was born - may God be pleased with him - she received him at home and said, "Oh God, this man is freed from death, so give him to me."

He was also called the companion due to the scholarly consensus that he is meant by the companion in the noble verse {when he says to his companion, “Do not grieve, for God is with us” Surat al-Tawbah: verse 40, and he was also called the pious, and it was said that he is meant by the Almighty’s saying in the verse {And the pious one who gives his money to purify it will avoid it} Surat al-Layl: Verses 17-18, and he was called Al-Awah for his fear and mercy.

And it was mentioned in the description of his face by his daughter, the Mother of the Believers, Aisha - may God be pleased with her - that he was a white, skinny, light-shouldered man.

His origin - may God be pleased with him - was in Makkah, and he did not leave it except for trade.

Abu Bakr - may God be pleased with him - married 4 women, and they bore him 3 males and 3 females.

A book on the biography of the companion Abi Bakr Al-Siddiq by the Syrian writer Ali Al-Tantawi (Al-Jazeera)

He married Umm Ruman bint Aamer, and she was a Muslim immigrant, and she is the mother of Aisha and Abd al-Rahman, may God be pleased with them all. He also married Asma bint Amis, one of the first immigrants and the widow of Jaafar bin Abi Talib, may God be pleased with them both, and she bore him Muhammad.

He married Habiba bint Kharijah, an Ansar from Khazraj, and Umm Kulthum gave birth to him after his death, and he had resided with her in the homes of her family in Medina.

Islam and his call

Al-Siddiq - may God be pleased with him - was chaste before his conversion to Islam, so he was a merchant who never drank alcohol and did not prostrate to an idol.

And he was among those who saw the evidence of prophecy even before the call of the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, and heard his effects.

And the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - rejoiced at Abu Bakr’s conversion to Islam with great joy, and the friend - may God be pleased with him - was forgiving of creation, and his people loved him for his grace and grace, and they acknowledged that he taught them their genealogies and their history, so when he converted to Islam, he carried the invitation with the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace.

And he embraced Islam at the hands of Abu Bakr - may God be pleased with him - an elite of the Companions, may God be pleased with them, and among the most prominent of them was the Rightly Guided Caliph Othman bin Affan, Al-Zubayr bin Al-Awam, Talha bin Obaidullah, Saad bin Abi Waqqas and Abu Ubaidah bin Al-Jarrah, and they were, may God be pleased with them, among the pillars on which the edifice was built. the invitation to the Islam.

And Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq - may God be pleased with him - had priorities preceded by the rest of the Companions, so he was the first to embrace Islam, the first to collect the Qur’an, the first to call it a Mushaf, and the first preacher who called to God and His Messenger, as he was the first caliph to whom his subjects imposed giving, and the first caliph to take a treasury for Muslims.

His love for the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace

Al-Siddiq - may God be pleased with him - was not spared from the Quraysh's harm to the Muslims, even though he was one of their masters and nobles. Dust was thrown on his head, and he was hit with sandals in the Sacred Mosque until he was carried to his house in a robe, and he did not stay there long until he insisted on his mother to meet the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace. peace be upon him, so he went to him while he was leaning on her and Umm Jamil (the sister of Umar ibn al-Khattab, may God be pleased with him).

And he, may God be pleased with him, was among those who declared his conversion to Islam in front of the infidels of Quraysh, until they thought that they had fought him for his audacity in declaring his love for the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - and defending his call.

The scholars said that he "accompanied the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - from the time he converted to Islam until he died." He was the companion of his emigration, the companion of his conquests, and his companion in urban and travel. In emigration, Al-Siddiq - may God be pleased with him - left his family and dependents, desiring to accompany the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace.

And Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq - may God be pleased with him - accompanied the Messenger of God - may God’s prayers and peace be upon him - in the cave when they traveled to the emigrants, and made him feel comfortable in it and protected him himself. ".

And when the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, came to him at an hour when he did not come to him, he said, “May my father and mother be sacrificed for him. By God, he did not bring him at this hour except an order.” So the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, informed him of the permission to go out, so the friend, may God be pleased with him, asked him About him - his companionship, so the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, agreed.

In their emigration, he was more afraid of the Messenger of God - may God bless him and grant him peace - than his fear for himself, and the Prophet said to him, "You are my brother and my companion in the cave." The sons of Abu Bakr had an important role in the migration journey, so his son Abdullah used to bring them news of the Quraysh, and Asmaa Prepare food for them.

And Abu Bakr - may God be pleased with him - was a spender on the Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, until he said about him, “The money of Abu Bakr never benefited me,” and he was sympathetic to him and supportive of him.

His prestige

Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq - may God be pleased with him - enjoyed a special place in Islam and with the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, and verses and hadiths were mentioned in his bounty.

The Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, said before his death, “I had brothers and friends among you, and I acquit God that I had taken a friend from you.

Al-Siddiq - may God be pleased with him - was a forerunner of all good, as he was one of the bravest people in protecting and defending the Prophet from him, and he was a supporter of the weak and tortured Muslims in Mecca, and he freed necks, so he bought Bilal bin Rabah - may God be pleased with him - and freed him, and he followed this policy to free The slaves and maidservants who converted to Islam, so he freed 7 of them, all of whom were tortured for the sake of God.

And in an incident between Al-Siddiq and Omar Ibn Al-Khattab - may God be pleased with them - Omar refused to forgive Abu Bakr, so the latter turned to the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, and said to him, peace be upon him, “May God forgive you, O Abu Bakr.” When Omar knew, he regretted and went to Abu Bakr, but he did not find him. So he went to the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, and his face turned red, so Abu Bakr knelt down and said to the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, “O Messenger of God, by God, I used to be unjust.” The Prophet, peace be upon him, said: “God sent me to you, and you said: I lied.” Abu Bakr said He said the truth, and he consoled me with his life and his money, so will you leave my friend for me?” Then he was not harmed after that.

Ibn Katheer said, "Al-Siddiq - may God be pleased with him - was the most knowledgeable of the Companions, that is, the most knowledgeable of them in the Qur'an, because he, may God bless him and grant him peace, presented him as an imam of prayer with the Companions, may God be pleased with them, with his saying, "The people who are the most knowledgeable of them lead the Book of God."

Among the evidences of his wide knowledge is that Umar - may God be pleased with him - asked the Prophet on the day of the Hudaybiyyah Treaty, “Why do we accept worldliness in our religion?”

He answered him, then he went to Abu Bakr, and he answered him in the same way as the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, answered him.

Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq witnessed all the incidents with the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace (Shutterstock)

And Al-Siddiq - may God be pleased with him - was an expressive of the vision, and Muhammad bin Sirin said that he was “present in this knowledge by agreement,” as he was one of the most eloquent and sermonous people, and Omar, may God be pleased with him, said to him, “Oh, the best of people after the Messenger of God.”

And in another place, Omar - may God be pleased with him - ascended to the pulpit and said, "Except that the greatest of this nation after its Prophet is Abu Bakr, so whoever says other than this is a fabricator, and he must bear the burden of the fabricator."

And Abu Dawud narrated on the authority of Abu Hurairah - may God be pleased with him - that the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, said: “You, Abu Bakr, are the first of my nation to enter Paradise.”

Mujahid and preacher of heaven

Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq - may God be pleased with him - did not lag behind any of the campaigns of the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, so he participated with him in the Great Battle of Badr, and he used to scout the army with him, and he took charge of guarding it, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, in his pergola.

In the Battle of Uhud, the Muslims dispersed around the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - throughout the battlefield. Abu Bakr, may God be pleased with him, split the ranks until he reached him.

Abu Bakr - may God be pleased with him - participated in the battle of Banu al-Nadir, Banu al-Mustaliq and Banu Qurayza against the Jews of Medina, and he was with the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - in the Battle of the Trench.

And when the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - went out in the sixth year of migration to Al-Hudaybiyah, Abu Bakr went out with him, and he said about its reconciliation later, "There was no greater conquest in Islam than the conquest of Al-Hudaybiyah."

In the Battle of Khaybar, the first commander sent by the Messenger - may God bless him and grant him peace - was Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq, may God be pleased with him, and it was he who advised the Prophet - may God’s prayers and peace be upon him - not to cut down the date palms of Khaybar, because that would be a loss for the Muslims, whether Khaybar was conquered by force or by peace. .

He was with the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - in the two squadrons of Najd and Bani Fazara, and he was a commander over the two squadrons.

In the eighth year of migration, Al-Siddiq - may God be pleased with him - was present at the conquest of Mecca, and when Abu Sufyan asked him to renew the contract between them and increase the period, he said, "My maidservants are in the vicinity of the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, and God, if I found the atom fighting you, I would have helped it against you."

He witnessed the day of Hunayn and the siege of Taif, and in Taif his son Abdullah was shot with an arrow that killed him after that in Medina.

And when he knew the owner of the arrow who had killed his son after that, and he had converted to Islam, he said to him, “This is the arrow that killed Abdullah bin Abi Bakr.

And in the Tabuk campaign, on the day the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - set out with a great army, he made the greatest flag for Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq, may God be pleased with him, and in this campaign, Omar gave half of his money in charity, competing with Abu Bakr, but he discovered that Al-Siddiq gave all his money in charity, so when he asked the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace And peace be upon Abu Bakr about what he left for his family, he replied, “God and His Messenger.” Omar said, “I will never compete with you in anything.”

In Hajj in the year 9 AH, the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - sent Abu Bakr as commander over the pilgrims, and this argument was a prelude to the farewell pilgrimage in which Abu Bakr accompanied the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace.

Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq, one of the ten heralds of Paradise (Al-Jazeera)

Al-Siddiq, may God be pleased with him, was given the glad tidings of Paradise by the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him. One day, he asked permission to enter upon the Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him.

His assumption of the caliphate and his achievements in it

After the death of the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - the Ansar gathered in the Saqifah of Bani Sa’idah and discussed the issue of choosing a successor to the Messenger of God, and they presented the leader of the Khazraj region, Saad bin Ubadah.

Abu Bakr - may God be pleased with him - at that time was also in a meeting with the Muhajireen, and when they heard the news of the meeting of the Ansar, they went to them. for succession.

Omar refused that, then Saad bin Ubadah and the Ansar after him pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr, and the Muslims chose him as their successor and pledged allegiance to him on the next day after the special allegiance of Saqifah Bani Sa’idah, and thus he was the first adult caliph, and his caliphate began in the 11th year of Hijra.

And Hafsa bint Umar - may God be pleased with them both - said to the Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, one day: “If you are sick, I will present to Abu Bakr.” He, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, said: “It is not I who present him, but God presents him.”

The most prominent events of the succession of Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq, may God be pleased with him, are four:

First: Executing the army of Osama bin Zaid

Before the death of the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - he prepared an army led by Osama bin Zaid to fight the Romans, but the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - fell ill during that, so the army camped in al-Jurf, north of the city.

When Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq assumed the caliphate, some companions suggested to him that he keep the army, but he insisted on continuing the military campaign heading to the Levant, and the Muslims defeated the Romans in that battle.

Second: Fighting the people of apostasy and those who refuse to pay zakat

When the news of the death of the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - spread, sects of the Arabs apostatized from Islam and forbade zakat, so Omar - may God be pleased with him - advised Abu Bakr - may God be pleased with him - to leave them, but he refused.

Omar, may God be pleased with him, said, "How do you fight people when the Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, said (I was commanded to fight people until they say there is no god but God, so whoever says it, his money and his life are safe from me except for his right, and his reckoning is with God)".

Al-Siddiq's response, may God be pleased with him, was, "By God, I will fight those who differentiate between prayer and zakat, for zakat is the right of money. By God, if they prevented me from wearing a headband that they used to give to the Messenger of God - may God bless him and grant him peace - I would fight them for preventing it." Omar, may God be pleased with him, said, "By God, it is nothing but If I saw God open the chest of Abu Bakr to fight, then I knew that he is the truth.

And Abu Bakr - may God be pleased with him - sent armies to several regions to fight the apostates, including the army of Ikrimah to Oman, and the army of Al-Ala bin Al-Hadrami to Bahrain.

Third: Fighting Musailama the liar

Musailama the liar sent to the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - a letter in which he claimed that he was his partner in the prophecy, and he was praying trying to come up with something similar to the Qur’an revealed to Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace.

Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq, may God be pleased with him, fought the apostates after the death of the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, and quelled their sedition (Getty Images)

Musaylimah was the most famous of those who apostatized after the death of the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - and claimed prophethood, so Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq - may God be pleased with him - sent an army to fight him in Al-Yamamah under the leadership of Khaled bin Al-Walid, may God be pleased with him. The Muslims besieged them for days, then killed Musaylimah.

Fourth: Expansion and collection of the Qur’an

The conditions of the Islamic State stabilized after fighting and defeating the people of apostasy, so Al-Siddiq - may God be pleased with him - sent armies to expand to the north, and Khalid bin Al-Walid - may God be pleased with him - was able to achieve great victories in the Levant with the battles of Yarmouk and Ajnadayn.

After many of the Companions were martyred in the battle of Musaylimah in Al-Yamamah, Umar feared that the Qur’an would go away with the martyrdom of the readers, and he pointed to Abu Bakr - may God be pleased with him - to collect it. Al-Siddiq, may God be pleased with him, said, “How can I do something that the Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, did not do?”

Omar reviewed it until he agreed, and ordered Zaid bin Thabit - may God be pleased with him - to follow the Qur’an and compile it, and Zaid - may God be pleased with him - was the writer of the Prophet’s revelation, may God bless him and grant him peace.

his illness and death

Aisha bint Al-Siddiq - may God be pleased with them both - said: "The first onset of Abu Bakr's illness was that he took a bath on Monday, seven days free from Jumada al-Akhirah, and it was a cold day, so he was feverish for 15 days and did not go out to prayer."

Abu Bakr, while he was in his sick bed, recommended the caliphate to Umar ibn al-Khattab, may God be pleased with them, and he died in his illness mentioned by Aisha - may God be pleased with her - in August 634 AD, and was buried next to the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace.