The "14th Five-Year Plan" elderly population will exceed 300 million
The National Health and Health Commission held a press conference on the 20th to introduce the relevant situation of my country's population aging.
By the end of 2021, the number of elderly people aged 60 and over in China will reach 267 million.
According to estimates, during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the total population of elderly people aged 60 and above will exceed 300 million, accounting for more than 20%, entering a stage of moderate aging.
Around 2035, the population of elderly people aged 60 and above will exceed 400 million, accounting for more than 30%, entering a stage of severe aging.
my country's aging presents the situation and characteristics of large number, fast speed, big difference and heavy task.
How to deal with the coming moderate aging and severe aging?
How to protect the "old care"?
my country's elderly care is in a "9073" pattern, and the development focus of elderly care services is tilted towards home communities
In recent years, my country has formed a "9073" pension model, that is, about 90% of the elderly are aged at home, about 7% of the elderly rely on community support, and 3% of the elderly live in institutions.
In other words, most of the elderly in our country are aged at home and in the community.
In this regard, in recent years, the country has continued to promote the development of elderly care services to focus on home communities.
Li Yongxin, deputy director of the Department of Elderly Care Services of the Ministry of Civil Affairs: to guide and promote the construction of a model home-based community elderly care service network with chain operation and standardized management at the district and county level, and to build sub-district (township) regional elderly care service centers and community-embedded elderly care service institutions.
As of the first quarter of 2022, there were 320,000 community-based elderly care service institutions and facilities nationwide, with 3.08 million beds, accounting for 88.9% and 38% of the national elderly care service facilities and beds, respectively.
In 2021 and 2022, 2.2 billion yuan will be invested to support 84 regions to carry out basic elderly care service improvement actions in home and community. During these pilot projects and improvement actions, local governments will be encouraged to explore the formation of family care beds, providing meals, bathing, cleaning, medical assistance, medical assistance, etc. A service model that meets the diverse needs of the elderly in the elderly, such as "six assistance" services, visit care, mutual assistance and support for the elderly.
Explore new models of home care in many places
In order to promote the development of the home care market, various regions and related industries are also actively exploring the direction of development in the field of home care.
At 11:00 noon, it was lunch time at Huicheling Village Home Care Service Center, Heping Town, Changxing County, Zhejiang Province.
With the help of volunteers, the elderly are picking up their meals.
In addition to catering services, it is also equipped with functional areas such as audio-visual room, painting and calligraphy room, barber room, book corner, etc., which can effectively meet the various spiritual and cultural needs of the elderly.
Huizhou, Guangdong has launched a new model of community-embedded home care for the elderly, built a canteen for the elderly, and launched a home delivery service for the elderly with limited mobility.
At present, the 15-minute home-based elderly care service circle in Huizhou's communities has been basically completed, and the smart elderly service covers more than 50% of the city's communities.
At present, many institutions are also actively developing high-tech and intelligent elderly care products.
This is a seemingly ordinary camera, but after combining with artificial intelligence algorithms, it can accurately identify the safety status of the elderly, send an alarm when the elderly fall or need help, and notify the pre-set emergency contacts in time.
According to statistics, in 2021, there will be a total of 1,116 new patents in the field of smart and healthy elderly care in my country, including 513 invention patents. New technologies such as the Internet, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, and virtual reality are gradually being applied to elderly care products.
The combination of medical care and elderly care can better meet the needs of the elderly for health and elderly care services
The combination of medical care and nursing care is an important means to cope with aging.
The combination of medical and nursing care integrates pension and medical resources to greatly meet the needs of the elderly.
At the press conference on the 20th, it was introduced that in recent years, the National Health Commission and relevant departments have issued a series of targeted measures to remove the difficulties and blockages that restrict the development of the combination of medical and elderly care.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, all localities have deepened the reform of "delegating power, delegating power, regulating services" and optimizing the approval and registration process of medical and elderly care institutions.
Carry out actions to improve the ability to combine medical care and elderly care in the community, and increase the supply of home-community combined medical and elderly care services.
By the end of 2021, the number of medical and elderly care contracts nationwide was 6.6 times that of 2017;
Wang Haidong, Director of the Department of Aging of the National Health Commission: The next step is to deepen the co-construction and sharing of medical and nursing resources.
Rational distribution of continuous medical institutions such as rehabilitation hospitals, nursing homes, and palliative care institutions shall be made, and the cooperation mechanism of medical care and elderly care shall be improved.
Encourage rural areas to realize the integration of medical care and elderly care through various methods such as adjacent construction, contractual cooperation, and integration of the two hospitals.
The second is to increase the supply of home-community combined medical and nursing services.
Support qualified medical and health institutions to provide home medical services for the disabled and the elderly.
In recent years, various localities have accelerated the promotion of integrated medical and elderly care services to better meet the needs of the elderly for health and elderly care services, and help them lead a higher quality of life in their later years.
Ms. He, from Jun'an Town, Foshan, Guangdong, is 63 years old. She suffered from Alzheimer's disease three years ago. She lost her language and cognitive abilities and could not take care of herself.
Because both sons are out of town, Ms. He can only rely on her 70-year-old wife to take care of her.
How to make the elderly with dementia and disability easily get professional medical care is the work that the national and local governments have been exploring and promoting.
Since April 2019, Jun'an Town has successively renovated two community health service stations.
The first floor of this health service station still retains the original community medical service function, and the second floor has been transformed into a retirement center for the elderly with dementia and disability, with 50 beds.
Medical staff will conduct ward rounds and rounds every day.
Now Ms. He is also staying here.
Because the medical and elderly care service center utilizes idle housing and original medical resources, coupled with partial subsidies provided by the government, the fees that the elderly living here need to pay are also greatly reduced.
Depending on the level of care, each elderly person needs to pay an elderly care service fee of about 3,000-3,500 yuan per month, including meals, accommodation, and care.
In addition, if medical expenses are incurred, you can enjoy the same medical insurance reimbursement policy as in the hospital.
Mrs. He's husband, Mr. Lu: I think it brings great convenience. If she is ill, doctors and nurses can see her. If it is serious, she can be sent to Junan Hospital by ambulance. From the price, care, medical treatment , I think it's ok here.
In my country, only a minority of the elderly are aged in medical institutions, and more than 90% of the elderly rely on the community for their aged care at home.
In recent years, local governments have promoted the extension of medical care services to communities and families.
Huzhou, Zhejiang has implemented the simultaneous construction of elderly care and medical facilities in the new community. In the Taihu Health City community, there is a large hospital and 7 health stations.
Resident Ms. Yin suffered from lumbar muscle strain. She used to go to the hospital twice a week for physiotherapy, but now she can resolve it without leaving the community.
Xu Tao, head of Taihu Health City Community in Wuxing District, Huzhou City: There are free physical examinations for the elderly over 60 years old every year, and door-to-door inspections are provided for the elderly who are 70 years old. Health management services.
The medical services for home-based elderly care, in addition to physical therapy without leaving the community, and even family doctor door-to-door services, some areas also provide a wider range of services: including helping the elderly to make an appointment with a hospital specialist; click on the applet to make an appointment” Specialist Nursing" etc.
In fact, for many elderly people with limited mobility and dementia, the most convenient way to care for the elderly at home is to have professionals who can come to provide medical services.
At present, pilot projects of home medical services for the elderly are also being carried out in various places.
What shortcomings still need to be filled in the home-based elderly care medical service in my country?
Feng Wenmeng, Director of Researcher Research Office of the Development Research Center of the State Council: From the perspective of actual development, home-based care for the elderly must first solve the problem of special training for home-based medical personnel; second, in terms of relevant system norms, a relatively unified home-based medical system needs to be formed across the country The second is the need to formulate a relatively complete home-based medical incentive mechanism to make the door-to-door service personnel more motivated; the fourth is to improve the ability of community elderly care services and medical services.
Promote barrier-free environment construction and aging-friendly renovation
Accessible and age-friendly environments are also very important for older adults.
At the press conference on the 20th, the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development stated that in recent years, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, together with relevant departments, has actively promoted the construction of barrier-free environments and aging-friendly renovations to make the living and travel of the elderly more comfortable and comfortable. more convenient.
Zhang Yan, deputy director of the Department of Building Energy Conservation and Science and Technology of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development: Combined with the renovation of old urban communities, the construction and renovation of barrier-free facilities and suitable facilities for the elderly should be carried out simultaneously.
Such as supporting the installation of elevators in qualified buildings, carrying out the renovation of the entrance and exit ramps of residential units, and adding safety handrails on residential stairs.
From 2019 to 2021, various localities will promote the installation of 51,000 elevators in existing residential buildings in the renovation of old communities. This measure has enabled many long-term home-bound seniors to walk out of their homes and buildings.
At the same time, combined with the special action of sidewalk purification, we have renovated existing roads and facilities including pedestrian bridges, and greatly increased the construction rate of barrier-free facilities on urban roads.
my country is establishing an elderly health service system covering both urban and rural areas
Healthy ageing is also the means and approach with the lowest cost and the best benefit to cope with population aging.
What is healthy ageing?
Simply put, it is to maintain the inner ability of the elderly, improve the external environment of the elderly, and prolong the healthy life expectancy of the elderly.
According to the press conference on the 20th, my country is currently establishing a "six-in-one", comprehensive and continuous elderly health service system covering urban and rural areas, including health education, preventive health care, disease diagnosis and treatment, rehabilitation nursing, long-term care, and palliative care.
In 2021, approximately 120 million seniors aged 65 and over will receive health management services in urban and rural communities.
By the end of 2021, there will be 4,685 second-level and above general hospitals with geriatric medicine departments across the country.
By 2025, geriatric medicine departments will be established in more than 60% of second-level and above general hospitals, about 21,000 elderly-friendly medical and health institutions will be established, and more than 1,000 medical and health institutions with palliative care departments will be established.
Wang Haidong, Director of the Department of Aging of the National Health Commission: In the next step, we will continue to do a good job in preventive health care, medical services, and health care for the elderly, especially to carry out four aspects of oral health for the elderly, improvement of nutrition for the elderly, prevention and treatment of dementia and psychological care for the elderly. The purpose of the big action is to improve the active health ability of the elderly, improve the health literacy and health level of the elderly, and make the elderly less sick, later sick, and less seriously ill.