China News Service, Nanping, July 27th (Reporter Lin Ling and Zhang Lijun) "The bright window is full of purple lamps, and the color and taste are amazing." Su Dongpo, a scholar who loves both tea and lamps, said it with a sentence "The color and taste are amazing". The beauty of building.
One side of the soil and one side of the porcelain.
The word "Jian" of Jianzhan is taken from the name of Jianyang District, Nanping City, Fujian Province.
The iron body is made of Jianyang's unique clay, glazed with local glaze stone, grass and wood ash and other materials, and then fired at a high temperature of more than 1300 degrees in the kiln. Only with these "genes" and "experience" can the cup be called To build a lamp.
In the high temperature, Jianzhan kilns are famous for their brilliant glazes.
Jianyang Shen Xuedong is very proud of this.
Photo by Li Nanxuan
Today, Shuiji Town, Jianyang, known as "China's Jianyao Town", still has the longest Jianzhan Dragon Kiln in the country with a length of 136 meters.
The dragon kiln excavated in 1989 can be traced back to the Southern Song Dynasty.
It is also the hometown of Shen Xuedong, a master of ceramic art in Fujian Province, the chairman of the special committee of the Fujian Intangible Cultural Heritage Association, and a senior arts and crafts artist.
"I heard from my father's generation that the broken porcelain pieces that can be seen everywhere on the roadside in the village are 'treasures' left by our ancestors. Later, I learned that it was the mark left by the kiln workers in the Song Dynasty who burned Jianzhan all night. "Shen Xuedong said that the development process of Jianzhan is very similar to its production process, and the rebirth of the ashes is bright.
Jianzhan is prosperous because of tea, but also quiet because of tea.
According to Shen Xuedong, fighting tea was popular in the Song Dynasty, and the color of the tea was white, so the tea utensils were still black.
In the high temperature, Jianzhan kilns are famous for their brilliant glaze colors such as rabbit hair, oil droplets, partridge spots, and luminous changes.
With the change of dynasties, the way of drinking tea of the ancients is also constantly changing, and the reputation of Jianzhan has been temporarily fixed in the historical picture of the Song Dynasty.
The anchor "Three Nights" (second from the right), born in 1990, has 800,000 fans on a live broadcast platform. He is currently live broadcasting the opening of Jianzhan.
Photo by Li Nanxuan
Historically, Jianzhan traveled across the ocean to Japan, Europe and other places, and was regarded as a highly valuable artwork by the locals.
In the late 1970s, the spring breeze of reform and opening up swept across the land of China, and modern Chinese craftsmen embarked on the road of revival of the craftsmanship of building and burning.
In 1981, the Jianzhan Revival Group, which was jointly formed by the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts, the Fujian Provincial Science and Technology Commission, the Provincial Institute of Light Industry and the Jianyang Porcelain Factory and other departments and units, used the traditional dragon kiln firewood method to re-fire the imitation Song Rabbit Jianzhan for the first time. , which means that the 700-year-old Jianzhan firing technique has finally regained its brilliance.
The picture shows Shen Xuedong pulling the billet.
Photo by Li Nanxuan
"It's difficult to make a jar, but I believe that there must be the passion of the craftsman in me." In 2007, Shen Xuedong joined the Fujian provincial intangible cultural heritage project to build a kiln and build a lantern, and the representative inheritor of the firing skills Xu Jiayou Under the door, began to learn the craftsmanship of Jianzhan.
After cleaning his hands and changing his clothes, Shen Xuedong placed the kneaded mud billet in the middle of the disc of the billet pulling machine.
After turning on the machine, Shen Xuedong wet his hands and rubbed the mud up and down repeatedly with the stepping on his feet.
I saw that he used his right hand to stabilize the rotating mud body, and then used the thumb pulp of his left hand to lean down and tap it lightly, forming an "opening", which was the shape of the mouth of the cup.
After the "opening" was completed, Shen Xuedong lifted the mud blank from bottom to top at a constant speed, and used centrifugal force to shape the mud blank into the shape of a tea cup.
In the hot summer, Shen Xuedong was already sweating profusely, but he seemed to be used to it.
He kept pinching the body of the cup with his fingers and stroked the mouth of the cup to ensure that the clay body could maintain the perfect shape.
"Kneading the mud, pulling the blank, and repairing the blank, these steps seem simple, but they all require hard work." Xu Jiayou stood by and nodded slightly when he looked at the apprentice who no longer needed to personally guide him, "He is very willing to Learning is willing to practice, sometimes sitting in front of the drawing machine for a day, Jianzhan will not 'let down' those who work hard."
As Xu Jiayou said, scouring, ingredients, kneading mud, drawing, glazing... These 13 craftsmanship of building lamps, Shen Xuedong has long been familiar with.
But he understands that although there are steps to follow in the production process, the most critical glaze preparation and firing can only rely on the accumulation of experience.
A lamp is built out of earth, but it is born out of fire.
Most of the work before entering the kiln is controllable, but this only accounts for 30% of the production process, and 70% remains in the kiln, which is a "game" between the kiln builders and the flame.
"The production of Jianzhan is a process of skillful combination of natural workers and kiln fire to quench the 'stars'. An excellent Jianzhan is produced on the basis of a large number of waste products." Shen Xuedong gave an example, the proportion of excellent brown rabbits is not high. To 1 in 1000, the proportion of excellent silver rabbits is less than 1 in 10,000, while Partridge Spot and Yaobian belong to works within 1 in 100,000 and 1 in 1 million respectively.
In the repeated attempts, Shen Xuedong no longer remembers how many defective products were smashed, "The charm of Jianzhan lies in that 'every lamp is unique', the same glaze, the same kiln, just because the location is different, the final presentation is There is a big difference in the construction of lamps.”
The picture shows Shen Xuedong repairing the blank.
Photo by Li Nanxuan
In 2011, the firing technique of Jianyao Jianzhan was included in the third batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.
Today, live broadcasts related to Jianzhan are emerging on multiple platforms.
The anchor "Three Nights" born in 1990 has 800,000 fans on a live broadcast platform. The content of his live broadcast is the opening of Jianzhan and the introduction of Jianzhan culture.
"Every time it starts broadcasting, it attracts many fans, from all ages." "Three Nights" said that Jianzhan's cultural heritage and its own "blind box" attributes are winning everyone's love.
Shen Xuedong has always been committed to letting Jianzhan Culture "go out".
To this end, Shen Xuedong actively organizes local construction companies to participate in major exhibitions at home and abroad. Many of his construction works have been collected by the Sri Lanka Embassy in China, the Iranian Embassy in China, and the Auckland International Art Space Art Museum. The partridge-spotted lamp is also permanently collected by the curator of the Jingjiado Bunko Art Museum in Japan.
"I believe that this is the best time to make Jianzhan culture famous at home and abroad." The burning kiln has witnessed Shen Xuedong's dedication to Jianzhan, and he has also passed on the production skills to the younger generation.
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