Agricultural managers are busy in the field of hope (people's eyes, new atmosphere of rural revitalization ④)
Introduction
Wang Lingli, born in the 1990s, chose to return to her hometown to devote herself to agriculture after graduating from university. She is now an agricultural manager of the Yangliu Farmers Professional Cooperative in Chongzhou City, Chengdu, Sichuan Province. She manages 3,900 mu of high-standard farmland for the cooperative, and is responsible for the annual planting plan and daily management.
"Manager Wang, what do you think of the effect of the seedlings we planted yesterday?"
"The depth and density are suitable, and the effect is good!" In an interview with reporters, Wang Lingli received a call from a villager. Wang Lingli opened the "Daetian Beidou" mobile app and carefully checked the seedling insertion area, average depth, and the machine's driving trajectory.
People like Wang Lingli who are engaged in management services such as agricultural production organization, equipment operation, technical support, product processing and sales in agricultural economic cooperation organizations such as farmers' professional cooperatives are called "agricultural managers".
In April 2019, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and other departments jointly released 13 new occupations, and agricultural managers were among them.
General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that it is necessary to promote the revitalization of rural talents, put human capital development in the first place, strengthen the support of rural revitalization talents, and speed up the cultivation of new agricultural business entities, so that those who are willing to stay in the countryside and build their hometowns can stay at ease, and let those who are willing to go to the mountains feel at ease. People who go to the countryside and return to the countryside are more confident, encourage all kinds of talents to do their best, show their talents, and show their talents in the vast countryside in the countryside, build a strong team of rural revitalization talents, and form talents, land, capital, and industries in the countryside. A virtuous circle of convergence.
To implement the rural revitalization strategy, we must break the bottleneck of talents.
In February 2018, the "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on the Implementation of the Rural Revitalization Strategy" was officially released, which required: "Support and train a group of agricultural professional managers, brokers, rural craftsmen, cultural talents, non-genetic inheritors, etc." In February 2021, the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council issued the "Opinions on Accelerating the Promotion of Rural Talent Revitalization", which encouraged places where conditions permit to support farmers' cooperatives in hiring agricultural managers.
In September 2012, Chengdu began to explore and carry out the cultivation of agricultural managers, and gradually established the selection, training, management and service mechanism of agricultural managers, and cultivated a group of agricultural managers with culture, understanding of technology, good management and management skills. .
Today, there are about 20,400 licensed agricultural managers in the city.
How to train agricultural managers?
How can agricultural managers serve modern agriculture?
The reporter recently conducted research in Chengdu.
origin
To expand the main body of new agricultural management, we need agricultural managers who have culture, understand technology, be good at management, and be able to manage
In the drizzle, in Liba Village, Longxing Town, Chongzhou City, 66-year-old Wang Zhiliang, wearing a bamboo hat, stood on the field ridge and directed the planting.
In the paddy field, the rice transplanter shuttles back and forth, and the planted seedlings are neatly distributed in rows.
Having cultivated land for most of his life, Wang Zhiliang felt the most relaxed in the past few years when Yangliu Farmers Professional Cooperative was in charge of agricultural machinery farming: "The whole process is mechanized, saving labor and time compared to manual labor in the past."
Growing up in the countryside, Wang Lingli followed her parents to do farm work and learn how to farm, and she knew the hard work of "sweat dripping into the soil". flow, and sometimes the sound of sweat dripping from the paddy fields can be heard."
In September 2012, Wang Lingli, who was still studying in Chengdu, came to Yangliu Farmers Professional Cooperative to carry out extracurricular practice, and gradually participated in the daily production and management of the cooperative.
Working in the same cooperative, Wang Lingli often told Wang Zhiliang the benefits of mechanized and informatized farming, but they were all declined: "We are old, how can we use this new thing?"
"In those years, the members worked hard and did a lot of work. At the end of the year, the dividends were distributed, but the money was not much." Wang Zhiming, chairman of the Yangliu Farmers Professional Cooperative, said, "There are many old-fashioned farmers in the village who are good at traditional farming. But there is a lack of understanding of some new concepts and new technologies, and the enthusiasm for developing modern agriculture is not high."
The talent problem also troubled Zhang Tianyi, chairman of Chengdu Longquan Changsong Peach Professional Production Cooperative.
In June 2008, Zhang Tianyi initiated the establishment of a cooperative in Changsong Village, Baihe Town (now Baihe Street), Longquanyi District.
Weeding and fertilizing, controlling pests and diseases... He was worried about everything, but affected by the market, the sales price of the fruits he planted fluctuated greatly. "Catch up with the slow-selling years, baskets of peaches can only be sold at a loss."
After a few years, Zhang Tianyi came to the conclusion: "The development of cooperatives is inseparable from professional management, sales and management talents."
"Many people have the will to develop modern agriculture, but they lack technology and experience," said Zeng Hong, director of the Science and Technology Education Division of the Chengdu Agriculture and Rural Bureau.
Mao Yuanchao, a villager in Miguo Village, Daxing Town, Pujiang County, Chengdu, suffered from "lack of technology and little experience".
10 years ago, he saw the development needs of agricultural mechanization and started to operate agricultural machinery services.
Unexpectedly, the career took a detour at the beginning.
"Pujiang's leading industries are citrus and kiwi fruit. We have purchased some drone equipment, but they are only suitable for field spraying operations, cannot be used in fruit forests, and are prone to collision damage." Mao Yuanchao said, "The purchase of agricultural machinery equipment We have to consider various factors such as terrain and crops. Once the wrong goods are purchased, no matter how advanced the equipment is, it will become a decoration, and we suffer from the loss of being unfamiliar with the application of agricultural machinery technology.”
Zeng Hong said that the expansion of new agricultural business entities requires government departments to help them on their horses and give them a ride. One of the "supports" is to speed up the cultivation of agricultural production and management talents to serve the development of modern agriculture.
In September 2012, Chengdu issued relevant opinions on strengthening the construction of agricultural managers, aimed at college graduates, experts in planting and breeding with a certain level of education and agricultural production management skills, and returning migrant workers who intend to join the agricultural cause. , explore the establishment of the selection, training, management, and service mechanism of agricultural managers, and cultivate a group of agricultural managers who are literate, understand technology, be good at management, and be good at management.
training
Combining theory and practice, centralized and decentralized training, and annual follow-up visits to carry out knowledge update training
"I put the content of the training 'now learn and sell now', and the effect is not bad." In September 2015, Wang Lingli, a university graduate, signed up for the training of agricultural managers in Chengdu. After learning about the modern financial management system of agricultural cooperatives, she immediately put it into practice. The knowledge points and related books mentioned in the class were shared and recommended to my father Wang Zhiquan.
Wang Zhiquan is the agricultural manager of the Shima Land Cooperative in Chongzhou.
Originally, the accountant of Shima Village, Longxing Town, was responsible for the cost operation and accounting of the Shima Cooperative, and kept the accounts manually.
At the beginning of 2016, according to Wang Lingli's suggestion and after preliminary research, Wang Zhiquan implemented a modern financial management system in the cooperative: introducing a third-party agency to be responsible for financial work, regularly submitting financial data to the financial company for income and expenditure accounting, and publicizing the financial operating status every month, and at the end of the year. A member representative meeting is held for deliberation.
"The account book is open, the accounts are clear, and the standardized management dispels the doubts of the members." Wang Zhiquan said.
Mao Yuanchao participated in the training of agricultural managers in May 2016. "The green grass control technology mentioned in the class has given me insight."
In the training class, the teacher asked: "Which is the best way to weed the fields?"
Mao Yuanchao raised his hand confidently and replied, "Spraying herbicides with a large sprinkler is highly efficient and covers a wide area!"
"High efficiency is not necessarily the best way to do homework." The teacher went on to explain, "The traditional method of applying a large amount of herbicides for weeding can treat the symptoms but not the root cause. Often the herbs are used again and again, and the grass will still grow again and again. The grass cut by the weeding machine is spread on the spot, and the old grass is used to block the sunlight to prevent the growth of new grass. The grass returned to the field accelerates decay and transforms into organic matter, which can increase the content of soil organic matter."
"In recent years, we have hired agricultural experts with deputy senior titles or above and 'soil experts' with rich practical experience as training teachers, who not only talk about professional production, technical service knowledge, but also business management, policies and regulations, and closely follow the development of modern Agricultural training courses." Zeng Hong said.
Classroom teaching is only one aspect of the training of agricultural managers in Chengdu.
In January 2010, Song Bing, a villager of Changsong Village who had been working abroad for many years, returned to his hometown to start a business and joined Chengdu Longquan Changsong Peach Professional Production Cooperative by way of cash investment, participating in the operation and management of the cooperative. Zhang Tianyi needs "professional management, sales and management talents".
In December 2013, Song Bing participated in the training of agricultural managers organized by the city, and he was deeply impressed by a practical observation class.
In a production base of a citrus planting cooperative in the province, workers pack and load the freshly picked fruits. The financial staff carefully calculates the weight of the fruit and the number of boxes. The staff of a sales company is contacting the merchants to confirm the order goods, quantity and other information one by one.
"We don't choose between production and sales, but focus on improving and strengthening the main business of production and processing, and looking for professional sales companies to cooperate with sales." This experience imparted by the person in charge of the production base made Song Bing Deeply inspired: "There are specialties in the art industry, and professional people should be allowed to do professional things."
Wang Hui, deputy dean of Chengdu Agricultural Science and Technology Vocational College, who has carried out agricultural manager training all the year round, said: "In each training session, we will organize students to visit agricultural bases and scientific research institutes to discuss and discuss practical issues in agricultural production and services."
Training doesn't happen overnight.
Zeng Hong introduced that Chengdu adopts a combination of centralized training and decentralized training. After the 7-15 days of centralized training is completed, some outstanding agricultural managers will be organized to carry out knowledge update training through annual follow-up visits.
Song Bing did not expect that a knowledge update training helped him open up his mind and expand sales channels for the cooperative.
In March 2018, according to the training arrangement, Song Bing went to a kiwifruit planting and processing base in the province to study.
The base applies the brewing process of fermentation and distillation to the production of fruit wine. In each small fermentation tank, the kiwi fruit is distilled, fermented and cooled to brew the fruit wine, which emits bursts of fragrance.
In the past, the peaches produced in Changsong Village were kept for a short period of time, and they were easily rotten and deteriorated when they were unsalable in the market. Can we learn from the practice of this base to carry out deep processing of the products?
After the training, Song Bing cooperated with a wine company in Luzhou City, recommended by experts from Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences.
The cooperative provides the fruit, the wine company is responsible for brewing, and the brewed fruit wine is handed over to a professional sales company for branded packaging and sales.
"The fruit wine we produce has both the sweet and sour taste of fruit and the strong aroma of wine, which is very popular in the market." Song Bing said.
In the past 10 years, Chengdu has cooperated with 6 colleges and universities including Sichuan Agricultural University and Chengdu Agricultural Science and Technology Vocational College, and has carried out more than 100 sessions of intensive training and knowledge update training for agricultural managers.
During the training period, the trainees are exempted from paying the expenses such as room and board, training, etc., and will be subsidized by the municipal finance.
practice
Apply new production and operation concepts and new technologies to the front line of agricultural production to help increase yields and incomes
For mechanized rice transplanting, Wang Zhiliang was not at ease for a time: "Although manual rice transplanting takes a little effort, it can ensure that the planting is firm, neat, and will not be missed. In recent years, many cooperatives have adopted machine rice transplanting. Although the efficiency problem has been solved, the If you look closely, you can see that there are different depths of insertion in some places, and there are omissions in some places."
At the end of 2015, Wang Lingli was hired as the agricultural manager of the Yangliu Farmers Professional Cooperative.
She has been with Wang Zhiliang and other farming veterans for a long time, and she understands their thoughts best: "I have been busy in the fields for decades, and there is no room for flaws in farming."
How to dispel everyone's concerns?
Wang Lingli recalled what was said in the training class, to use informatization and intelligent management to help solve the problem of low quality of agricultural mechanized production.
Through the agricultural experts she met during the training, she visited relevant scientific research institutes and production bases. The practice of equipping rice transplanters with the Beidou satellite navigation system in some production bases made her eyes shine.
After preliminary investigation, Wang Lingli first introduced two rice transplanters, and demonstrated to Wang Zhiliang and other cooperative farming experts in the experimental field: the seedlings were transported to the rice transplanters, and the driver turned on the Beidou satellite navigation system, started the machine slowly, and the working depth, Information such as line spacing and operation trajectory are transmitted to the "Daejeon Beidou" mobile client in real time.
As he approached the field, Wang Zhiliang was convinced: the rows of seedlings were planted neatly and straightly, which was firmer than manual planting.
Turn on the mobile phone, and the data such as the driving trajectory, seedling depth, fertilizer consumption and other data are clear at a glance.
If the deviation of the driving route causes some plots to be missed, the navigation map will also mark the location information of the missing plots in real time.
"More than 50 acres of land can be worked in a day, which greatly saves manpower and time costs. At present, our cooperative has fully realized mechanized farming." Wang Lingli has a sense of accomplishment, "The production capacity of the cooperative has increased, and my work ability has also been recognized by everyone. According to the actual work performance, I received a salary of more than 200,000 yuan last year."
Shortly after returning from the training, Song Bing contacted his old friend Li Weibo, the head of a company specializing in the sale of agricultural products, to discuss cooperation.
Professional companies helped Song Bing to pinpoint the crux of the problem: according to the brand marketing concept, the cooperative should also make efforts in standardized planting, select and breed excellent varieties, implement green ecological cultivation, and create "selling points".
Immediately, Song Bing contacted the Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and introduced a number of new peach varieties with good taste and shape, such as "Late Lake View" and "Hongyu", and promoted planting in the cooperative.
Song Bing also invited experts to guide and manage the orchard according to the green ecological cultivation model: apply organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers to fruit trees in proportion to effectively provide nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients, reduce soil compaction and improve fruit quality. The use of chemical fertilizers exceeds 70%; white clover, alfalfa, etc. are planted between the rows of fruit trees to promote the growth and development of fruit tree roots and the absorption of water and fertilizer.
"Green ecologically cultivated 'Night Lake View' peaches" "produced in Longquan Mountain, Chengdu, the unique purple sandy loam is rich in phosphorus, potassium and other substances"... Li Weibo helped to promote the brand, by entering the online store and holding on-site tastings of peaches Jianhui and other online and offline forms to expand sales channels.
Today, the peaches sold by the Chengdu Longquan Changsong Peach Professional Production Cooperative are in short supply, and they are also sold to many countries in Southeast Asia.
"Currently, the cooperative serves more than 370 members of the three surrounding villages, and each household has an average annual income increase of more than 10,000 yuan." Song Bing said.
The villagers benefited from the cooperation mechanism and standardized management.
"Before cooperating with the sales company, we conducted a thorough investigation of the fruit quality, the sales sharing plan of both parties, and obtained the consent of all members. During the cooperation process, we published the accounts in detail and accepted the supervision of all members." After many years, Song Bing still remembers What I heard when I participated in the field observation and training: "To carry out market cooperation and establish a whole industrial chain of production, processing and sales, we must respect the opinions of members and protect the interests of farmers."
Applying the new ideas and new technologies learned in the training to the front line of agricultural production, Mao Yuanchao also has new achievements.
At the beginning of 2017, he invested in the Pujiang County Huigeng Agricultural Machinery Service Professional Cooperative with cash, and was hired as the agricultural manager of the cooperative. Li Xiaobin from Jiujian Village, Daxing Town, Pujiang County was one of his service targets.
Coming to the 120-mu orchard contracted and operated by Li Xiaobin, Mao Yuanchao demonstrated the weeding operation on the spot: operating the controller, the compact unmanned weeder flexibly shuttles through the forest, loosens the soil, weeds, and then discharges the cut grass from the back of the machine , the field is returned to the ground and the whole set of movements is smooth and coherent.
"The cost of weeding is less than 1,000 yuan. If you buy a lawnmower yourself, it will cost you about 10,000 yuan. A 120-acre orchard needs several machines to work at the same time. How much will it cost?" Li Xiaobin was quite impressed with the service provided by Mao Yuanchao. satisfy.
"Li Xiaobin's orchard also uses our pruning machines, rotary tillers, unmanned spraying vehicles, and one-call door-to-door service. We have done a good job in the service, and the cooperative has also improved its efficiency. At the end of last year, I got 10 per share. More than 10,000 yuan in dividends." Mao Yuanchao introduced that at present, the Huigeng Agricultural Machinery Service Professional Cooperative has established a number of teams such as drone flying defense (that is, drone spraying pesticides) service team, water and fertilizer integrated sprinkler and drip irrigation service team, etc. to serve the surrounding areas. More than 20 villages and parts of Chongzhou City and Danling County of Meishan City.
"Agricultural managers have helped farmers' professional cooperatives to improve their production levels, enhance their management capabilities, and broaden their development ideas." Zeng Hong said that up to now, the city's agricultural managers have led and established more than 9,200 farmers' cooperatives, accounting for the city's farmers' cooperatives. 83.4% of the total, engaged in large-scale grain production area of more than 850,000 mu, accounting for 80.9% of the city's large-scale grain production area.
manage
Introduce supporting policies and establish a rating and assessment management mechanism
Although some new varieties have been promoted in recent years, there are still problems such as variety aging and so on.
In January 2018, with the help of relevant departments of Longquanyi District, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences built a 100-mu test base in Changsong Peach Professional Production Cooperative.
Today, Chen Dong, a researcher at the Institute of Horticulture, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, has become a frequent visitor to the cooperative and often comes to give technical guidance.
"In the area of Longquan Mountain where Changsong Village is located, the unique purple sandy loam is rich in phosphorus, potassium and other substances, and the peaches are sweet and delicious. However, this soil is alkaline, and it is difficult for fruit trees to effectively absorb iron, which is prone to yellowing of peach trees. and other issues.” After speaking, Chen Dong led the reporter to the test base to inspect the 100 newly cultivated peach seedlings, “This is a new variety that we have introduced for testing. Yellowing, drought resistance, cold resistance and other characteristics.”
"Now the experimental base has cultivated many new varieties such as yellow-fleshed peaches and panta peaches, and the trial planting and promotion are doing well." Song Bing said.
"In recent years, we have increased scientific and technological support, and encouraged farmers' cooperatives led or operated by agricultural managers to establish joint laboratories with colleges, universities and scientific research institutes, which not only promotes agricultural scientific research institutes to write papers on the ground, but also promotes agricultural The promotion and application of science and technology in the production line." Zeng Hong said, "In the next step, we will also set up the municipal agricultural science and technology expert database and agricultural science and technology expert service group, and promote their cooperation with agricultural managers."
Not just technology support.
In recent years, Chengdu has continuously introduced incentive policies such as industrial support and financial support, established and improved the rating and assessment management mechanism for agricultural managers, and promoted the realization of orderly advancement and retreat, rewarding the good and punishing the bad.
To promote mechanized rice transplanting in cooperatives, Wang Lingli said frankly that it is inseparable from government support.
According to the requirements of Chengdu’s industrial support policy, agricultural managers and newly established farmers’ cooperatives and family farms that meet the subsidy policy for the purchase of agricultural machinery will be given priority to enjoy the municipal-level cumulative subsidy on the basis of the national agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policy.
"A rice transplanter equipped with the Beidou satellite navigation system costs about 100,000 yuan, and the government subsidizes 50%, which helps us solve the financial difficulties." Wang Lingli said.
In November 2018, Wang Lingli was named a senior agricultural manager.
"The city has established a qualification grading system of primary, intermediate and advanced 'three-level penetration' for agricultural managers. Elementary and intermediate are self-reported according to conditions, and certificates are issued after passing the training; advanced qualifications must be obtained on the premise of intermediate qualifications. Engaged in agricultural production and operation management for more than 3 years, the annual sales of the co-operative co-operative is more than 5 million yuan, and there is no record of poor quality and safety of agricultural products. According to Zeng Hong, as of now, there are about 20,400 certified agricultural managers in Chengdu, including more than 600 senior agricultural managers.
In order to promote normalized management, Chengdu has also established an agricultural manager management assessment system, which incorporates the basic information, production and operation, training and assessment of personnel who have obtained agricultural manager certificates into the dynamic management of the talent pool: the city-level "Top Ten" is assessed annually. "Excellent" agricultural managers; the professional quality, performance, integrity management and whether to continue to engage in agricultural production are assessed every two years, and their qualification levels are adjusted or cancelled according to the assessment; , violations of laws and regulations and violations of integrity management, etc., the agricultural manager certificate will be cancelled.
In June last year, Mao Yuanchao was awarded the "Top Ten" agricultural managers in Chengdu.
Now, he is busy with a new plan: to build an unmanned intelligent farm with more than 50 mu of land that is transferred and owned.
"It is expected to be completed next year, and a batch of advanced unmanned weeding machines, pruning machines, and pesticide sprayers will be demonstrated here. To promote agricultural mechanization, we will continue to take the lead in showing the villagers to see and lead everyone to work."
Our reporter Wang Yongzhan