Hajj is the fifth pillar of Islam, and it is obligatory once in a lifetime for every sane adult Muslim if he is able to do so, i.e. if he has the financial and health ability to perform this obligatory duty.
In the following, we present the most important things that the pilgrim should know about the provisions of this great ritual.
Hajj Timings
Al-Mawaqit is the plural of Miqat, which is the circumstance of worship from a time or place, and what is meant here is what the rulings of Sharia have determined for the Ihram for Hajj from a time or place to which its validity is related.
They are of two types:
Temporal timings: The most important temporal
date in Hajj is the timing of performing its greatest pillar, which is standing in the plain of Arafat (the ninth day of Dhul-Hijjah) because the Messenger, may God bless him and grant him peace, said, “The Hajj is Arafa.”
The jurists agreed on the permissibility of beginning Ihram for Hajj from the beginning of the month of Shawwal to the ninth of Dhul-Hijjah.
Spatial times
: These are the places designated by the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, to deprive anyone who wants to perform Hajj or Umrah, according to the direction from which he travels to Mecca, and they are 5 places:
Dhul-Hulaifa:
It is the meeqaat for the people of Medina and others who pass by it, and it is 450 kilometers from Mecca, and it is the place now known as “Abar Ali” near Medina on the way to Mecca.
Al-Juhfa:
It is 204 kilometers from Mecca, and it is the miqat for the people of the Levant and those who passed by it. It was named after Al-Juhfa, a village in the northwest of Mecca.
Yalamlam:
It is the meeqaat for the people of Yemen and others who pass by it, and it is 54 kilometers away from Mecca, and it was named by this name in relation to Jabal Yalamlam.
Qarn al-Manazil:
It is a mountain east of Mecca overlooking Arafat. It is the meeqaat for the people of Najd and others who passed by, and it is 94 kilometers away from Mecca.
Dhat Irq:
It is the miqat for the people of Iraq and those who pass by it, and it is 94 kilometers from Mecca.
Ihram is performed at these times when traveling by land, but in the case of air travel, the Ihram can be worn before boarding the plane or on board and the Talbiyah when passing over the meeqat or adjacent to it.
Whoever is closer to Makkah al-Mukarramah than these times, then his miqat is his place of residence, and likewise the people of Mecca are forbidden from it.
Whoever is on his way to the right or to the left from these timings, he is forbidden when he is close to him.
Ihram and its types
Ihram is that a person intends to perform Hajj or Umrah or both, and to get rid of all appearances of dress and adornment, and suffice with wearing a loincloth that he wraps around the middle of his body and covering his private parts, and a robe that he puts on his shoulder and back, and it is permissible for him to wear a sandal that shows the feet and ankles.
This is for the man, while the woman intends to enter Ihram and wears her usual clothing that covers her body, and exposes her face and hands.
It is desirable for the one who wants to enter Ihram to wash his hair, cut his hair, clip his nails and perfume, then put on Ihram clothes, even if the time is not the time when it is not forbidden to pray two units of prayer.
In Ihram, the prohibitions of Hajj or Umrah are forbidden to the Muhrim.
The person in ihraam has the right to choose between 3 types of rituals in order to intend one of them when entering ihraam, which are:
Al-Tamattu’: It is for a person to deprive himself of the Umrah alone, and he says when he enters the state of Ihram: “You must perform Umrah.” He delays the Ihram for Hajj until the day of Tarwiyah (the eighth of Dhul-Hijjah) until sunset on the day of Arafat, and the one who enjoys the ritual must sacrifice the sacrifice.
As for the one who enters Ihram for Umrah before Shawwal, he is called Umrah, not Tamattu’.
Al-Ifrad: It is for a person to enter ihraam for Hajj alone, so he says: To perform Hajj. If he reaches Makkah, he will circumambulate to come and then strive for Hajj.
The Qur’an: It is that a person deprives himself of the Umrah and Hajj together, and says: “You will be deprived of the Umrah and Hajj,” or he deprives himself of the Umrah first and then enters the Hajj on it before embarking on its circumambulation.
The qarir does the same as the singular act, except that the qarir performs the pilgrimage and the pilgrimage together, and he has to sacrifice.
Prohibitions on the forbidden
Once in Ihram, a pilgrim is prohibited from the following:
Removing the hair of the head and the rest of the body by shaving it or plucking it, as well as trimming and clipping the nails.
Good use.
Sexual intercourse or the marriage contract or the engagement of women.
Killing, intimidating, or indicating hunting.
It is forbidden for men to wear sewn from clothes that are tailored to the shape of the body or part of it.
Among the taboos for men is covering the head with an adjoining one, such as a cap and the like.
Among the taboos that are specific to women are the burqa and the niqab that covers the face, and anything else that is sewn is permissible for her.
And whoever does any of these prohibitions out of forgetfulness, ignorance, or forced, there is nothing on him, and whoever does it for an urgent need, there is no sin on him and he has to ransom, and whoever commits it deliberately without an excuse, then he has to pay the ransom, except for sexual intercourse. ).
Pillars of Hajj
Hajj in Islam has 4 pillars, and whoever abandons one of them until its time has passed, his Hajj is invalid:
Ihram, which is the intention to enter into rituals coupled with an act of Hajj such as Talbiyah or stripping.
Standing at the level of Arafat (also called Arafat), and its time is from the dawn of the ninth of Dhul-Hijjah until the dawn of the next day, and the place called “Mountain of Mercy” has no legal advantage over the rest of the areas of Upper Arafat.
Tawaf al-Ifadah, and its time begins from the dawn of the day of Eid, and it is better to work on the day of Eid.
Sa’i between Safa and Marwa, and it takes place after Tawaf Al-Ifadah or any other Tawaf, and the singular and the Qariar can offer it with the Tawaf Al-Kudoom.
Hajj duties
The Talbiyah, and its formula: “O God, to you, to you, to you, you have no partner, to you. Praise and grace are yours and the king, you have no partner.” And its time starts from the pilgrimage to the pilgrimage to the singular and Qaran until he throws Jamrat Al-Aqabah.
The coming tawaf is obligatory according to the Malikis, but to the public it is a Sunnah.
The farewell circumambulation is obligatory according to the public, and according to the Malikis, it is a Sunnah, and it has been licensed for menstruating women, women who are postpartum, and the people of Makkah.
The pilgrim does not have to circumambulate except these three, except that he purifies himself.
Overnight in Muzdalifah, and it has been permitted to move from it after midnight for those who have work related to Hajj, the infirm and the weak.
Throwing 7 pebbles from Jamarat Al-Aqabah from sunrise on the day of Eid to noon, and whoever was not able to throw it before him may throw it until before sunset, and whoever was unable to throw it before sunset threw it on the first day of al-Tashreeq.
Staying overnight in Mina on the days of al-Tashreeq, so whoever hastened in two days, there is no sin on him, and delaying is better than presenting to the people of Mecca and others, and whoever hastens must leave Mecca before sunset, otherwise he must be delayed.
Throwing the pebbles in the order of the smallest, then the middle, then the major, which is the obstacle, each one has 7 pebbles, and the throwing starts from noon to sunset.
Praying the two rak’ahs of circumambulation behind the shrine of Ibrahim or anywhere in the sanctuary.
Shaving or shortening the hair for men, and for women to cut only a little bit of their hair.
Whoever neglects one of these duties, then he must pay a ransom (slaughtering a sheep and the like), not eating from it or giving it as a gift, but giving it in charity.
Requirements for Hajj
For a man to enter ihraam in a white cloak and a robe, while a woman may enter ihraam in any color she wants, and the best thing for her is other than white.
To take a bath in Ihram, even if the woman is menstruating or postpartum.
To enter ihraam after a written prayer, and if he is not able to enter ihraam after two rak’ahs.
To take a bath to enter Makkah Al-Mukarramah as well as for the day of Arafah.
During the circumambulation, he touches the two pillars: the Black Stone and the Yemeni Corner if possible, otherwise he points to them.
He says at the beginning of each run: "In the name of God, God is great."
He prays between the two pillars, “Oh God, our Lord, give us good in this world and good in the hereafter, and save us from the torment of the Fire.”
The best Hajj is Tajj, which is a large number of sacrifices for sacrifice, and Al-Ajj, which is raising the voice in prayer for men.
Lots of remembrance, recitation of the Qur’an, and almsgiving.
To drink Zamzam water, which means that he drinks a lot until he reaches the maximum levels of satiation and fills his stomach until you press on his ribs.
To pick up 7 pebbles from Muzdalifah to throw them at Jamarat Al-Aqabah on the Day of Sacrifice.
That a lot of remembrance and supplication and saying there is no god but God on the Day of Arafa.
To supplicate for a long time after stoning the small and central pebbles during the days of al-Tashreeq.
And whoever left something from the Sunnah and what is recommended, his Hajj is valid and there is nothing on him.
Omrah duty
The Muhrim performs Hajj alone or enjoying Umrah upon his arrival in Makkah Al-Mukarramah. He begins it by circumambulating the honorable Kaaba 7 rounds, during which he receives - in each round - the Black Stone, either by kissing if he can, or as a sign so that others do not crowd, and he says when meeting him: “In the name of God and God is great And he supplicates with whatever supplication he wills.
Upon completion of the circumambulation, the pilgrim performs two rak’ahs behind the Maqam Ibrahim, if possible, or in any other place within the Haram.
When he finishes the course of the quest, he goes to the barbers to shave his head or cut it short (and a woman is enough to take some of her hair), and thus a person completes his Umrah and breaks his Ihram.
These Umrah rituals are obligatory - and in the same manner - for the ordinary pilgrim outside the Hajj season.
perfusion day
On the eighth day of Dhul-Hijjah, which is called “the Day of Tarwiyah”, the pilgrim takes a bath and enters ihraam (if he is tamattu’, as for the singular and the qarir they remain in their first ihraam and do not break out of it) and he goes out to Mina and spends the night there and a lot of the Talbiyah, and he prays the five daily prayers, and he prays the four There are only two units of prayer (Zuhr, Asr, and Isha).
Standing in Arafa
Standing in Arafat is the greatest pillar, and Hajj is not valid without it. It starts from the dawn of the ninth day of Dhul-Hijjah, and extends until the true dawn of the tenth day, during which the pilgrim increases in remembrance and supplication.
What is meant by standing here is attendance, witnesses, and staying in this place for a period of time, not necessarily standing on one’s feet.
The pilgrims pray in Arafat the noon and afternoon prayers short (only two units of prayer for each of them) and a combination of offerings, and a lot of supplications and remembrances until the time of sunset.
Overnight in Muzdalifah
Muzdalifah is a place where the pilgrim prays Maghrib and Isha combined on the ninth of Dhul-Hijjah, as the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, did. He stays there or stays there for a period estimated by some scholars until midnight.
It is desirable for a pilgrim from Muzdalifah to pick up 7 pebbles for stoning Jamrat al-Aqaba at dawn on the tenth of Dhul-Hijjah.
It is permissible to deputize for stoning for women who are unable to do so, whether they are the sick or the infirm.
As for the timing of the stoning, it is from sunrise to sunset on the day of Eid, and from sunrise to sunset on the days of al-Tashreeq.
Sacrifice Day works
The pilgrims head to Mina on the day of Eid, and throw 7 pebbles at Jamarat Al-Aqaba.
If he throws shaving or shortening his hair, and then the first dissolution takes place, it is permissible for him to do everything of the prohibitions of Ihram except for intercourse.
Also among the acts of the Day of Sacrifice is for the pilgrim to sacrifice his gift (and what is most done now in order to facilitate the pilgrims is to pay the price of the sacrifice to one of the institutions approved by the Saudi authorities, and it spends on the needy), and he goes around the Kaaba and performs Tawaf al-Ifadah and runs between Safa and Marwa.
It is called Tawaf Al-Ifadah because it takes place after the Ifaadah from Arafat, and it is also called the Fard Tawaf.
It is not required to arrange these works in this way, but it is permissible to present and delay them.
days of tashreeq
The days of al-Tashreeq are called by this name because the meat in them is shone and distributed to the poor and needy.
It is intended for the nights of the 11th, 12th and 13th of Dhul-Hijjah.
The pilgrim must spend the night in Mina on these three nights (or the nights of 11 and 12 if he is in a hurry), and he stone the three Jamarat after noon each day until sunset, starting with the small, middle, and major.
farewell circumambulation
After the pilgrim completes the rituals required of him on the days of Tashreeq (or in two days if he is in a hurry), he performs the farewell circumambulation and then leaves Mecca.
And this circumambulation falls for the menstruating and postpartum women.