Protecting "Giant Pandas in Cultivated Land" is to Ensure National Food Security Interpretation of the Black Land Protection Law
□ Our reporter Pu Xiaolei
On June 24, the 35th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People's Congress voted to pass the black land protection law.
The law will go into effect on August 1.
The black land is known as "the giant panda in the cultivated land". Protecting the black land is related to national food security, ecological security, and the sustainable development of the Chinese nation.
my country's black soil areas are mainly distributed in Heilongjiang Province, Jilin Province, most of Liaoning Province and the eastern part of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
Due to the long-term high-intensity development and utilization, coupled with the effects of wind erosion and water erosion, the thickness and organic matter content of the black soil layer have decreased, soil acidification, desertification, and salinization have intensified, and soil erosion has been serious. come with a certain risk.
Yue Zhongming, director of the Economic Law Office of the Legislative Affairs Committee of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, said in an interview with reporters that the law on the protection of black soil adheres to the strategic positioning of long-term protection of national food security, and specifies special protection, governance and restoration system measures, in order to protect and make good use of black soil. Land, a valuable land resource, provides a strong legal guarantee.
Curb the "non-agriculturalization" of arable land and prevent "non-food"
Yue Zhongming said that the formulation of the black land protection law focuses on the following principles:
Adhere to the strategic positioning of long-term guarantee of national food security.
Protecting black land is to ensure national food security.
Formulate the black land protection law, implement the Party Central Committee's strategy to ensure national food security, resolutely curb the "non-agriculturalization" of arable land and prevent "non-grain conversion", legislate clearly the direction that black land should be used for food production first, and implement a strict black land protection system , strengthen the management and restoration of black land, ensure that the total amount of black land is not reduced, the function is not degraded, the quality is improved, the production capacity is sustainable, and the initiative in food security is firmly grasped.
Turn effective black land protection policies into legal provisions.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, on the basis of implementing a series of policies and measures to strengthen the protection of cultivated land and ensure national food security, the Party Central Committee and the State Council have formulated the outline of the black land protection plan in Northeast China, carried out protective farming actions on black land in Northeast China, and implemented national black land protection. In the land protection project, various measures have been taken to promote the protection of black soil in a coordinated manner, and good results have been achieved.
Formulate the black land protection law, summarize the practical experience of cultivated land protection, and fix the special black land protection system in the form of law.
Increase investment guarantees and strengthen scientific and technological support.
The black land protection work is of public welfare, basic and long-term nature. It is necessary to establish and improve the financial investment guarantee mechanism for black land protection, and increase financial and project support for black land.
It is necessary to strengthen scientific and technological support, grasp the laws of nature, comprehensively take measures such as engineering, agronomy, agricultural machinery, and biology, so as to combine use and maintenance, adjust measures to local conditions, and implement comprehensive policies, restore and steadily improve the basic soil fertility of black soil, improve the ecological environment of black soil, and improve black soil. Comprehensive production capacity.
Establish a pattern of black land protection under the leadership of the government, farmers as the main body, and multiple participation.
Protecting the black land is an important responsibility of the people's governments of the four provinces and regions. It is necessary to consolidate the responsibility, strengthen the assessment and supervision, and ensure the implementation.
It is necessary to establish a coordination mechanism for black land protection, strengthen overall coordination, and enhance the synergy of black land protection.
It is necessary to adhere to the dominant position of farmers, protect the interests of farmers, and mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers to carry out black land protection.
It is necessary to pay attention to the role of the market, guide social forces to participate in the protection of black land, and achieve extensive participation and pluralistic co-governance.
Coordinate and determine the scope of protection at the national level
Yue Zhongming said that in terms of "scientifically determining the scope of application of this law", the black land protection law highlights the key points, making it clear that this law protects the black soil cultivated land in the four provinces where the black land is located, and requires comprehensive consideration of factors such as the development history of black land. , in accordance with the principles that are most conducive to protection and restoration, determine the scope of black land protection at the national level as a whole, and further refine and clarify it in the black land protection plan.
At the same time, pay attention to the connection between laws, and properly handle the relationship between this law and the land management law, forest law, grassland law, wetland protection law, water law and other relevant laws.
After long-term development and utilization and the influence of wind and water erosion, some changes have taken place in the distribution of black soil in my country.
How to take into account the history and current situation of black land development and scientifically and rationally determine the scope of black land protection is particularly important.
Yue Zhongming said that the black land protection law mainly protects black soil arable land.
When clarifying the scope of protection of black land, we should not only take the status quo as the standard, but also comprehensively consider factors such as the development history of black land, and determine it at the national level in accordance with the principles that are most conducive to protection and restoration.
At the same time, the relevant departments of the people's government at or above the county level where the black land is located shall further refine and clarify the scope of black land protection through the black land protection plan.
Accordingly, the Law on the Protection of Black Soil stipulates that the competent agricultural and rural department of the State Council, together with the relevant departments of natural resources and water administration, shall comprehensively consider the history of black land reclamation and the current situation of utilization, as well as the thickness of black soil layer, soil properties, soil types, etc. Based on the principles of comprehensive protection, comprehensive management and systematic restoration, scientifically and rationally determine the scope of black soil protection and adjust it in a timely manner, and promote black soil protection work in a planned, step-by-step, and type-by-type manner.
The historically black land should be included in the black land protection scope for repair and restoration in principle, except for those that cannot be restored.
Strengthening assessment and supervision and increasing punishment
Yue Zhongming said that in addition to scientifically determining the scope of application, the main contents of the black land protection law also include strengthening overall coordination, effectively ensuring national food security, strengthening scientific and technological support for black land protection, strengthening the protection obligations of grass-roots organizations and agricultural producers and operators, establishing and improving Black land investment security system, strengthen assessment and supervision and so on.
In terms of effectively guaranteeing national food security, the Black Land Protection Law takes "guaranteeing national food security" as an important legislative purpose of this law.
Implement the requirements of the Party Central Committee on "classifying and clarifying the use of cultivated land, and strictly implement the priority of cultivated land use", and further clarify that black land should be used for the production of agricultural products such as grain and oil crops, sugar crops, and vegetables.
In addition, this law is also linked to the permanent basic farmland system, requiring that black soil with deep black soil layers and good soil properties should be classified as permanent basic farmland in accordance with the prescribed standards, with emphasis on grain production.
In terms of "strengthening assessment and supervision and increasing punishment", the Law on the Protection of Black Land has established an assessment and supervision system, clarified that the State Council will assess the implementation of the responsibility for the protection of black land by the people's governments of the four provinces and districts, and include the protection of black land into the target of arable land protection responsibility; Relevant departments are required to jointly carry out supervision and inspection according to their duties; the relevant people's government shall accept the supervision of the people's congress at the corresponding level in accordance with the law on the protection of black land.
At the same time, it is clarified that any organization or individual shall not damage the black soil resources and ecological environment, and prohibit the illegal digging, indiscriminate digging and illegal trading of black soil.
Relevant departments of the State Council are required to establish and improve the supervision and management system for the protection of black land resources, and improve the comprehensive management capacity.
This law makes it clear that illegal acts that destroy black land resources will be severely punished.
It is stipulated that illegal use of black soil for non-agricultural construction, illegal digging, excessive digging of black soil, and pollution of black soil and soil erosion shall be punished severely in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations on land management, pollution prevention and water and soil conservation.