After 4 years of reconstruction, Beijing Fengtai Station opened today and is the largest railway hub passenger station in Asia; 120 passenger trains will be arranged in the initial stage of operation
Centennial Fengtai Station: From "Beijing's Earliest" to "Asia's Largest"
On June 20, outside the third ring road in the southwest of Beijing, after four years of construction, the new Beijing Fengtai Station opened for operation.
Founded in 1895, Fengtai Station is the first railway station in Beijing and has successively become an important station on the Jinghan, Jingfeng, Jingzhang and other railways.
With the adjustment of Beijing's railway layout, the role of Fengtai Station is declining. In 2010, Fengtai Station stopped passenger traffic.
Today, the 127-year-old station has been preserved. About one kilometer to the east of it, the newly built Beijing Fengtai Station has become the largest railway hub passenger station in Asia, with a maximum capacity of 14,000 people per hour.
After the opening of Beijing Fengtai Station, it will mainly handle the EMU trains from the Beijing-Guangzhou high-speed railway to the Shitai high-speed railway, as well as the Beijing-Kowloon Railway, the Jingyuan Railway and some Beijing hubs.
Beijing's first railway station
The history of Fengtai Station can be traced back to 1895 (the 21st year of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty). After the signing of the Treaty of Shimonoseki, the national crisis deepened.
At that time, Russia, France, Germany, and Japan successively built railways in China to grab benefits.
Yin Junke, a researcher at the Beijing Academy of Social Sciences, wrote in the book "Beijing Ancient Traffic", "Competing for the right to build and operate railways is the primary goal of the Western powers... Under this situation, some discerning people in the Qing government bureaucracy knew Now, if we don’t hurry up and build a few railways that must be built, then China’s railway power and railway benefits will be snatched away by foreign trains. Therefore, the Qing government also decided to rush to repair the railway, both the officials and the people. manage."
In this context, the Qing government finally decided to build a railway from Lugou Bridge (also known as Lugou Bridge) to Tianjin.
At the end of 1895, the Jinlu Railway was repaired to Fengtai, and Fengtai Station came from there.
In 1897, the Jinlu Railway was further extended to the center of Beijing and was repaired to Majiabao outside Yongding Gate.
After the opening of the Jinlu Railway, the construction of the "Luhan Railway" (later renamed the Jinghan Railway) proposed by Zhang Zhidong and others started very early. The railway development in modern China entered a period of "high-speed development".
Since then, Beijing-Hanzhou Railway, Beijing-Fengzhou Railway, and Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway have successively connected to Fengtai Station, and the role of Beijing's first railway station has become increasingly prominent.
By the time of the Republic of China, Fengtai Station had become an important transportation hub in North China.
After the founding of New China, Fengtai Station continued to assume the responsibility of an important transportation hub in North China.
In the era of large-scale economic construction, Fengtai Railway Station occupied a very important position in terms of cargo transportation. About 5,000 wagons loaded with various construction equipment and living materials drove in and out of Fengtai Station every day.
Fengtai West Station, built in March 1956, diverted the freight and marshalling tasks of Fengtai Station, but Fengtai Railway Station still plays a pivotal role.
Statistics show that in the 1980s, Fengtai Station averaged more than 30,000 people getting on and off the train every day, and it is still one of the special-class stations of the Beijing Railway Administration.
In 1996, Beijing West Railway Station was put into operation, diverting a large number of passenger and freight tasks from Fengtai Station. Since then, the status and function of Fengtai Station has been greatly reduced.
In 2010, Fengtai Station stopped passenger services.
In the same year, the reconstruction of Fengtai Station was put on the agenda.
However, at that time, there were more than 30 trains passing through Fengtai Station every day, and the transformation was not easy.
Seven years later, the preliminary design plan for the reconstruction project of Fengtai Railway Station was approved.
In September 2017, with the efforts of many railway culture scholars and relevant departments, the station building of Laofengtai Station was identified as an immovable cultural relic, and the history and memories of a hundred years were protected in situ.
Double-deck car park design
In 2018, the reconstruction project of Fengtai Station and the construction project of Xinfengtai Station started.
"The new Beijing Fengtai Station is not superimposed on the old station building, but about one kilometer to the east of the old Fengtai Station. This is the east freight yard of the original Fengtai Station." China Railway Beijing Bureau Group Co., Ltd. Station Building Project Wang Xiufan, deputy director of the project management department, told reporters that in the process of rebuilding Fengtai Station, it was found through demonstration and analysis that the area of the original old station building was limited and was not suitable for large-scale demolition. The function of the city caused division, so this area was chosen.
As the design unit of Fengtai Station, China Railway Design Group Co., Ltd. has undertaken the research work of Fengtai Station scheme since June 2007. With the adjustment of Fengtai Station's functional positioning in the railway hub, the designers have studied different schemes successively.
In response to the requirements of the railway department to "make full use of land resources" and "improve station operating capacity", the designers adopted a more special construction idea for Beijing Fengtai Station, making it the first domestic double-decker depot designed for high-speed and general-speed passenger transport. The super-large station has formed a three-dimensional transportation mode of "top-level high-speed rail, ground general speed, and underground subway".
"Using a double-deck depot can effectively save land for station construction, intensively integrate the allocation of transportation resources, and reduce the cost of urban transportation infrastructure." said Ma Hui, chief engineer of the Beijing Fengtai Station Project of China Railway Design Group Co., Ltd., such a unique three-dimensional transportation structure has changed. The layout of traditional railway lines has been improved, and functional innovation has been realized. Moreover, Fengtai Station adopts a three-dimensional streamline system of two entry and exit stations that do not interfere with each other. High-speed and ordinary-speed passengers have different entry and exit routes, making travel more convenient and smooth.
Create "station-city integration"
Wang Jian, deputy head of Beijing Fengtai Station, introduced that after Beijing Fengtai Station was put into operation, it mainly handled the EMU trains in the direction of Beijing-Guangzhou High-speed Railway to Shitai High-speed Railway, as well as the Beijing-Kowloon Railway, Jingyuan Railway and some Beijing hubs. In the initial stage, 120 passenger trains were arranged.
According to the data of the railway department, the number of passengers sent by Beijing Fengtai Station will reach 72.07 million in the long run, and the passenger flow pressure and surrounding traffic conditions of Beijing West Railway Station will be significantly relieved.
In the future, Beijing Fengtai Railway Station will be deeply integrated with Beijing Railway Station, Beijing West Railway Station, Beijing South Railway Station, Beijing North Railway Station, Qinghe Railway Station, Beijing Chaoyang Railway Station, Beijing City Sub-Central Station and other Beijing railway hub passenger stations to improve the comprehensive transportation system of the capital.
Along with the construction of Fengtai Station is the improvement of the quality of the neighborhoods around Fengtai Station. The core idea is to "integrate the station and the city" to drive the infrastructure construction in the surrounding area, enhance the value and scale of land development, and promote the economic and social development of the south of the city.
In this year's Beijing Two Sessions, Fengtai District Mayor Chu Junwei introduced the construction idea of "station-city integration" in an exclusive interview with a reporter from the Beijing News. The overall construction area of Fengtai station-city integration will reach more than 1 million square meters.
According to the block control regulations in the Fengtai Station area, the problems previously faced by the Fengtai Station area, such as fragmentation of urban space, lack of coordination of functions, insufficient historical and cultural display, and poor quality of public spaces, are expected to be resolved with the opening of Fengtai Station.
The relevant person in charge of the public association company of Shoufa Group told reporters that the construction of some sections of the 11 connecting roads around Fengtai Station has been completed, with a length of about 10 kilometers, which can meet the travel needs of passengers after Fengtai Station is opened.
This will also improve the regional traffic environment, realize the connection between the north and south areas of Fengtai Station, and solve the historical problem that the Fengtai sub-district area cannot travel north and south due to the separation of railways for decades.
According to the plan, by 2025, the comprehensive transportation trunk road network in the Fengtai Station area will be basically formed, and the north-south comprehensive transportation hub will be built and operated efficiently, which will effectively improve the quality of transportation services in the capital. Become a new pole in the development of the capital.
Aspect 1 Design
Simple and efficient "industrial style" into Beijing elements
As a large-scale comprehensive transportation hub building, the architectural style of Beijing Fengtai Station has realized the perfect fusion of tradition and modernity.
Overlooking Fengtai Station from the air, it presents a rough-line "中" character, which is vigorous and powerful.
In terms of appearance design, the design of Fengtai Station is in line with the traditional Chinese architectural treatment method. It adopts a three-stage layout. The square building is located on the square platform. The whole is symmetrical on the central axis. It is slightly lower, with a colonnade in the middle, and the eaves are overhanging far and wide, fully integrating the building into the surrounding environment of the city.
Ma Hui said that Fengtai Station has realized the original intention of accommodating multiple functions but with a simple design, so the architectural language also tries to choose a form with unified color and structure.
The interior decoration presents a simple and efficient "industrial style", but in order to break the cold feeling, some warm lights and colors are added, and the design is embellished with green plants to make the space more warm and beautiful.
The general-speed exit hall is located underground and is divided into two exit halls, north and south. The wall columns on both sides of the exit path are decorated with panes.
According to reports, the outbound streamline design here fully reflects the regional cultural characteristics of Beijing, and forms a distinctive visual orientation in terms of decoration materials and decorative patterns.
The main passage in the station adopts the caisson-type suspended ceiling, and the overall form concept of traditional buildings is added to realize the ancient charm and new style.
At the same time, color changes and cultural and artistic decorations such as mountains and rivers are used to partition the waiting hall, optimize the entry and exit flow lines, and strengthen the guide signs to facilitate passengers to quickly locate and enter and exit the station.
Aspect 2 Services
Take a variety of guidance measures to ensure that passengers do not get lost
The reconstructed Beijing Fengtai Station is the largest railway hub passenger station in Asia, with a construction area of about 400,000 square meters and a maximum capacity of 14,000 people per hour.
From a spatial point of view, Beijing Fengtai Station is divided into four floors. In a nutshell, it is "high-speed rail on the top floor, waiting for trains on the middle floor, regular speed on the ground, and subway access on the underground".
In a comprehensive three-dimensional transportation hub, how to ensure that passengers do not get lost is an important problem that designers and railway operation departments must solve.
In the waiting hall on the second floor above ground, the waiting area for ordinary speed trains is located in the middle of the waiting hall. Passengers need to go down to the first floor to board the train. The waiting areas for high-speed trains are located on both sides of the waiting hall. Passengers need to go up to the third floor above ground to take the train. This layout allows all travelers to walk the shortest distance possible.
Wang Jian said that the station will take various measures to guide passengers to the corresponding waiting area.
"There are a lot of static signs, and the 12306 service desk will also provide manual services. There are also mobile posts in the station, and special staff provide guidance services."
The reporter saw that there were road signs everywhere in the station, and there were also many road signs on the ground.
According to the design of Beijing Fengtai Station, the first 20 numbers correspond to the ticket gates of regular-speed trains, and the numbers 21-32 are the ticket gates of high-speed trains. The four directions of southeast, northwest and northwest are also marked on the top of the road signs.
The intelligent navigation service will be activated in due course in the future.
Ma Hui introduced that Fengtai Station is equipped with an intelligent customer service system, which can provide functions such as automatic ticket sales and intelligent navigation. After the system is activated, passengers can use the system to quickly obtain the walking route to the ticket gate, and also self-service luggage storage on the system.
Aspect 3 Energy saving
Extensive use of natural lighting and solar panels
Beijing Fengtai Station has many floors, but the overall space is "transparent and bright".
According to reports, the high-speed rail platform layer uses a large number of natural lighting modes, and the skylights and solar panels are distributed at intervals to ensure that there is sufficient sunlight entering the platform during the day.
The solar panels installed on the roof of the station are expected to generate 7 million kWh of green electricity per year, converting solar energy into electricity to provide green energy for lighting, heating, cooling, ventilation, passenger elevators and cold storage in the station.
The ground design of the high-speed rail platform layer is also ingenious. At intervals, there are "light guides" to introduce natural light and sunlight into the waiting hall for lighting.
"We introduced the natural light of the platform into the waiting hall through the method of light pipe through the principle of reflection." Ma Hui said.
The central light court uses natural light to the extreme.
It is understood that this 587-meter-long central light court is 18 meters wide and 23 meters high. It uses natural light to divide the waiting floor into two parts: north and south. The top of the hall is designed with a glass light-transmitting belt, so that the entire waiting hall is The sense of space is greatly improved.
The air conditioning and ventilation systems of Fengtai Station have also been optimized for energy conservation and emission reduction, and more natural ventilation is used, reaching the three-star standard for green buildings.
Through a series of low-carbon designs, the overall energy-saving rate of the station building is expected to reach more than 10%, which can save about 950,000 kWh of electricity every year and reduce carbon emissions by more than 900 tons.
Aspect 4 Noise reduction
Technology such as "buffer airbag" reduces noise interference
"The design of the double-deck yard saves land resources, but it also brings unprecedented challenges." Xu Hui, chief engineer of the Fengtai Station Headquarters of China Railway Construction Engineering Co., Ltd., introduced that the high-speed rail "walks in the air", and the "load" of the yard is very large. The amount of steel used for structural engineering reaches 190,000 tons, and the foundation is two-story residential buildings.
The reporter learned that in order to reduce the shock caused by the double-decker parking lot, Fengtai Station installed dampers and steel supports between the structural columns and beams, just like installing "buffer airbags" on the roof of the elevated waiting layer.
Inorganic fiber thermal insulation and sound-absorbing materials are sprayed on the walls, top surfaces of the basement, and the roof surface of the 10-meter-layer structure to enhance the sound absorption effect of the building structure.
According to Xu Hui, the floor above the waiting room on the second floor is also sprayed with inorganic fibers, which has a noise reduction effect.
The suspended ceiling of the waiting hall is made of perforated aluminum panels, and the decorative panels including the central light court are also perforated to absorb noise.
In addition, in order to reduce noise interference to surrounding residents, soundproof screens have been installed beside the tracks near residential buildings.
According to the relevant person in charge of the public association company of the first group of the surrounding road network construction unit, the southeast ramp bridge of Beijing Fengtai Station is adjacent to the third ring road and the east interchange ramp connecting the surrounding road network and the second floor of the station. The closed soundproof screen solves the noise problem that the surrounding residents have been concerned about.
Milestones in the Construction of Beijing Fengtai Station
year 2010
June 20
Fengtai Railway Station has stopped handling passenger services.
2017
September
The preliminary design plan for the reconstruction project of Beijing Fengtai Station was approved.
2018
August 14
At 6:30, the dial-up of the Beijing-Guangzhou railway line was completed, and the trains passing through Fengtai Station were diverted to a new line to make way for the construction.
This means that the reconstruction project of Fengtai Station and the construction project of Xinfengtai Station have officially started.
2019
April 21
The first steel column of the new station building of the reconstruction project of Beijing Fengtai Station has been hoisted, and the steel structure construction of the main project of Beijing Fengtai Station has officially started.
2020
March 13
The reconstruction project of Beijing Fengtai Station, which was affected by the epidemic, has fully resumed work and production.
August 18
The first phase of the station building of Beijing Fengtai Station has achieved structural topping.
September 8
The second phase of the station building of Beijing Fengtai Station was officially launched, and earthwork excavation began.
2021
May 21
The Fengtai Bridge is fully connected.
May 28
The main structure of Beijing Fengtai Station was fully capped 33 days ahead of schedule.
August
The main structure of Beijing Fengtai Station was completed, and the interior decoration began.
September 2
Track laying construction began at Beijing Fengtai Station.
November 23
The first test vehicle was dispatched from Beijing Fengtai Station at 2:10, and the joint commissioning and testing of the reconstruction project of Beijing Fengtai Station officially began.
2022
March 15
Before the opening and operation of Beijing Fengtai Station, the last two key constructions were completed. One was to traverse the temporary track of the Beijing-Shanghai Railway to the official line, and the other was to construct the signal system.
At this point, Beijing Fengtai Station will have the conditions for railway pick-up and departure, and officially enter the countdown to its opening.
April
Beijing Fengtai Station is basically completed and ready for operation.
June 17
China National Railway Group announced that Beijing Fengtai Station will open for operation on June 20, 2022.
Beijing News reporter Pei Jianfei