The flower of ancient and modern blending nations blooms brilliantly (the first-class pavilion you don't know)

　　In the downtown area of ​​Harbin, Heilongjiang, different from the common oriental baroque buildings in the streets and alleys, a three-entry courtyard imitating the Qing Dynasty stands majestically, with red walls and golden tiles, which is particularly eye-catching.

This is a national key cultural relics protection unit and the largest existing Confucian Temple in Northeast China - Harbin Confucian Temple, and is also the location of the Heilongjiang Provincial Museum of Ethnicities.

　　Harbin Confucian Temple was built in 1926 and completed in 1929, covering an area of ​​25,000 square meters and a building area of ​​5,674 square meters.

The Heilongjiang Provincial Ethnic Museum is based on the Confucian Temple. It opened to the public in 1988. It is the first provincial-level professional ethnic museum in China.

　　The architecture of the Confucian Temple is unique

　　Wanren Palace Wall, Panchi, Dacheng Hall, Chongsheng Temple, "Harbin Confucian Temple Inscription" monument... From the east archway into the Confucian Temple, under the shade of pines, cypresses and elm trees, dozens of landscapes are scattered.

　　The east and west arches are arranged on both sides of the first courtyard. They are all buildings on the roof of the hall, and under the yellow glazed tiles are painted with Xuanzi.

The east archway is called "Limen", and the inscription is "De Pei Tiandi"; the west archway is called "Yi Road", and the inscription "Dao Guan Ancient and Modern".

　　"This means that the virtues of Confucius coexist with heaven and earth, and Confucianism runs through ancient and modern times," said Tan Jin, director of the Heilongjiang Provincial Museum (Heilongjiang Provincial Museum of Ethnicities).

　　Why not enter through the main entrance?

It turns out that the Harbin Confucian Temple has no main entrance.

"It is a custom among the people that no matter where a Confucian temple is built, the champion of the local dynasty must come to worship Confucius, and then the main gate can be built." Qin Jin said that since the Harbin Confucian Temple was built in the Republic of China, the imperial examinations have been abolished and there are no champions, so the The Wanren Palace Wall replaced the main entrance.

　　On the south side of the first courtyard, the carved brick wall of the Wanren Palace wall is integrated with the Confucian Temple wall. The center and four corners of the wall are inlaid with colored glazed glazed carved bricks with flower patterns. The ridge of the wall is covered with yellow glazed tiles. There is a vivid nine-curved dragon pattern.

　　"Panchi is like the moon, the Hongqiao flying frame, the white jade carving rails, and the carving is exquisite."

"In ancient times, only the champion can walk on this bridge." A tourist said, taking his child across the bridge.

　　The Dacheng Hall, the main hall of the Confucian Temple, is located in the second courtyard. The top of the double eaves is solemn. The bucket arches under the eaves are painted with "Golden Dragon and Seal". "Three words.

Dragon and Phoenix, Tianma, Xiezhi, Bullfighting... There are 9 ridged beasts on the top eaves of Dacheng Hall. According to traditional regulations, only 6 ridged beasts can be displayed.

　　"The overall size of the Dacheng Hall is the same as that of the royal building. Because it was built in the Republic of China, it broke the original pattern and constraints." Qin Jin pointed to the opposite of the Dacheng Hall, and the scarlet Dacheng Gate was also assembled to the highest specifications.

The door is inlaid with ninety-nine-eighty-one door nails in accordance with the royal palace etiquette. The white marble relief in front of the door is also called "Danbi".

　　The Harbin Confucian Temple was built when the country was in domestic and foreign troubles. The stone tablet in the southeast corner of the second courtyard is engraved with the "Harbin Confucian Temple Inscription" written by the patriotic general Zhang Xueliang: "Harbin is located in the upper reaches of the Songhua River. Quail dwellings, arranging all kinds of shops, and saying a lot of vulgar words" "Schools are booming, and the canon of worshipping the first saints cannot be abandoned" "A gentleman's teaching is also full of teachings, and must be based on its originality"...

　　Zhang Xueliang pointed out that the construction of the Confucian Temple has a positive effect on resisting cultural aggression and invigorating the national spirit.

　　colorful national culture

　　Heilongjiang Province is a frontier province where many ethnic groups live together. In addition to the Han people, there are 10 ethnic minorities living here.

The fishing and hunting culture represented by the Hezhe, Oroqen, Ewenki, and Daur nationalities, the grassland nomadic culture represented by the Mongolian, and the farming culture represented by the Manchu, Xibe, Hui, Korean, and Kirgiz nationalities, basically cover The main cultural types of human society before the industrial age contain the idea of ​​harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

　　Since the establishment of the Heilongjiang Provincial Ethnic Museum, it has devoted itself to collecting, researching and displaying cultural relics of Heilongjiang ethnic minorities.

　　The fish skin costumes of the Hezhe people, the Luozi of the Ewenki people, the embroidered shoes of the Daur people... In the large and small side halls, the colorful exhibits tell the story of the integration and development of various ethnic groups in the black land, and vividly reproduce the traditional production and life scenes of ethnic minorities.

　　The exhibition area of ​​the glorious history of Hezhe social development is located in the east side hall of the first courtyard.

There are many medals displayed in a showcase: Stalin Medal, North China Liberation Medal, Northeast People's Liberation Army Hard Work Medal, Northeast Liberation Medal... These medals tell the glorious deeds of the Hezhe nationality.

　　"Many young people of the Hezhe ethnic group actively participated in the anti-Japanese war. Among them, Dong Guixi, Dong Guifu, Dong Guishou, Bi Faxiang, Bi Qinglin and others were incorporated into the Far East Eighty-Eight International Brigade led by General Zhou Baozhong and General Li Zhaolin as investigators." According to Shen Yi, these fighters ventured into the border areas to conduct reconnaissance and gained a lot of military intelligence. They also led the Soviet Red Army across Heilongjiang to fight against the Japanese invaders. The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union awarded them the Stalin Medal.

　　The second courtyard in the east and west is the historical and cultural exhibition area of ​​the ethnic minorities living in Heilongjiang Province.

The "Ancient Echoes" unit introduces the origin, distribution and development of ancient cultures in Heilongjiang between 50,000 and 3,000 years ago through the display of objects and pictures.

Yuhuan, jade dagger, and jade jue are crystal clear and emerald green, lying side by side in the showcase.

"It's hard to imagine that the ancestors of Xiaonanshan 9,000 years ago could make so many exquisite jade articles." Liu Shenyi introduced that there are cultural relics in five different periods at the Xiaonanshan site in Raohe County, with a time span of more than 15,000 years. The earliest evidence of systematic use of jade in East Asia was found in

The discovery of the Xiaonanshan site is of great significance for the construction of the archaeological cultural sequence in the lower reaches of Heilongjiang and even in Northeast Asia.

　　In the Mongolian cultural unit, you can see the Matouqin, which is loved by the Mongolian people, and hear the Mongolian long melody accompanied by the Matouqin.

"The Mongolian long tune is melodious and soothing, with a long breath. It is most distinctive with its highly decorative melody and colorful singing style. When singing, the singer will incorporate his own perception of life." Qin Jin said.

In 2005, "Mongolian Long-tuned Folk Songs" was included in the third batch of "Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity" by UNESCO.

　　A unique wooden boat attracted the attention of reporters.

This is the birch bark boat of the Oroqen people. The hull has a sharp head and a sharp tail, and it is streamlined. The skeleton is made of sycamore pine, and there is no iron nail around it. After baking, it is impermeable to water.

Liu Shenyi introduced that a slightly larger birch bark boat can be carried by one person. It is light and silent when rowing, and fishing by boat will not disturb the fish.

　　On a wooden board is painted a mighty and sturdy horse, which is called "Ozla" in the Kirgiz language, which means "horse god".

In the Kirgiz people, a family of horses will choose a good horse as a sacred horse, which symbolizes the ancestors riding this horse to take care of their herds. People who don’t have a horse will draw a horse and hang it in the southwest corner of the house, in order to protect the herd. shelter.

　　In the "Tradition and Modernity" exhibition area of ​​the side hall of the third courtyard, many people enjoyed the experience in front of the AR fitting mirror.

With a single tap, you can try on the characteristic costumes of 10 ethnic minorities in the mirror, and you can also take pictures.

　　In the animal skin craft unit, the Oroqen roe deer skin robes and color-matched animal skin bags attracted the audience's admiration.

"The clothes made of animal skins are wear-resistant and keep out the cold, and the leather boots and gloves make little noise when moving, which is especially suitable for the cold climate of the Northeast region and the hunting life of climbing mountains and forests." Liu Chenyi introduced that the production of animal skin clothing of the Oroqen people The main raw materials are roe deer skin, deer skin and scorpion skin, especially roe deer skin. The Oroqen roe deer skin production skills have been included in the national intangible cultural heritage list.

　　Qin Jin told reporters that the Heilongjiang Ethnic Museum is actively preparing for a new special exhibition, selecting representative collections of ethnic costumes, and presenting the exchanges and interactions of various ethnic groups by interpreting the cultural information and evolution of clothing materials, styles, and decorations. Historical trajectories and the process of gradually integrating into a community of the Chinese nation.

　　Social education activities innovate

　　"Qi-hu--" Following the chanting instruction, the Dacheng Gate slowly opened, and the children in Hanfu boarded the Pan Bridge, walked to the Dacheng Hall, and worshipped "Tianyi" under the guidance of the teacher. Confucius.

　　Followed by the "Writing and Respecting the Book" link: Master Meng exhorted "there must be my teacher in the three-person walk. Learning must start from being a human being, be kind to others, unite and help each other", while writing with the children to complete the writing of the word "person".

　　Every year during the school season, many students come to the Harbin Confucian Temple to participate in the "Opening Ceremony".

In ancient times, before children entered school, they had to hold the "Opening Ceremony", which symbolized the enlightenment of enlightenment.

After thousands of years of inheritance, the "opening ceremony" still plays an important role in "the first lesson of life".

　　"The 'Opening Ceremony' can guide children to respect teachers and knowledge, and benefit them for life," said a parent who participated in the event.

　　Opening ceremony, apprenticeship ceremony, graduation ceremony, coming-of-age ceremony, swearing-in ceremony, climbing to the Dragon Gate... Heilongjiang Provincial Ethnic Museum, based on the resources of the Confucian Temple, gives full play to its educational function, actively builds a platform for cooperation with schools, enterprises and social groups, and conducts traditional cultural activities every year on average. More than 70 educational activities have attracted nearly 100,000 students.

　　In 2006, the Harbin Confucian Temple resumed the Confucian sacrifice activities that had been interrupted for more than 60 years.

Since then, on September 28 every year, the Confucius Ceremony will be held here.

Affected by the epidemic last year, the Confucius Ceremony was held online, and the live broadcast was broadcast on provincial satellite TV, attracting more than 10,000 viewers.

　　The Heilongjiang Provincial Museum of Nationalities planned and launched a large-scale traditional culture tour exhibition "Everlasting Teachings - Biography of Confucius". Every time they went to a school, students recited the famous sentences of "The Analects of Confucius", visited the exhibition and listened to lectures.

The museum also makes full use of new technologies to move cultural relics and cultural resources to the "cloud".

VR tours, cloud exhibitions, online quizzes on ethnic knowledge...a variety of online activities are well received by the public.

　　"We have launched nearly 200 episodes of various new media displays, and nearly one million viewers have enjoyed a cultural feast through the Internet." Qin Jin said, hoping that the charm of traditional culture can infect more people.

　　The pictures in this article are provided by Heilongjiang Provincial Museum of Nationalities