Adolescents' vision protection needs the joint efforts of social schools and families
The prevention and control of myopia should "grasp the early and catch the small", the representatives of the National People's Congress appeal
□ Our reporter Zhao Chenxi
Every half hour of using electronic products, you must do an eye exercise, and then take a ten-minute rest.
This is the "hard requirement" that Lu Ning, who works on the Internet, gives to his children.
He and his wife are both short-sighted and fully aware of the inconvenience caused by poor eyesight, so he hopes that children can develop good eye habits from an early age.
Since 2020, the new crown pneumonia epidemic has opened the era of online classes. While parents are worried about the effect of their children's online learning, they are also worried that the long-term use of computers, electronic tablets and other devices will affect their children's eyesight.
Such concerns are justified.
In June 2020, the Ministry of Education conducted a survey on the vision conditions of primary school students, junior high school students and high school students in 9 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) during the epidemic. Compared with the data at the end of 2019, the growth rate of myopia in six months reached 11.7%. The myopia rate of primary school students increased by 15.2%, junior high school students increased by 8.2%, and high school students increased by 3.8%.
"Children's vision health is related to the happiness of every family, as well as the development of the country and the nation, which cannot be ignored." Wang Jiajuan, deputy to the National People's Congress and senior teacher of the No. 1 Middle School in Liaoyang City, Liaoning Province, pointed out in an interview with a reporter from the "Rule of Law Daily" recently. , Children and adolescents' vision protection needs the joint efforts of society, schools and families to jointly raise awareness and prevent from childhood.
The state attaches great importance to the prevention and control of myopia in young people
In addition to sleeping, the third-grade student Duoduo (pseudonym) spends almost a "seamless connection" between various electronic devices. He uses the electronic tablet to finish online classes, pick up the mobile phone to play games, watch videos, and eat at noon and at night. to watch TV.
Many parents don't realize that there may be a problem with their children's vision until they find that their children start to rub their eyes frequently and blink hard.
After seeing the doctor, the doctor said that the child's eyes were overused and his eyesight had declined. He repeatedly urged to reduce the use of electronic devices and participate in more outdoor activities.
"In recent years, the number of young people who visit the hospital for myopia has increased unabated. In the winter and summer vacations, the number of daily visits in our hospital alone has reached more than 800." Sun Feng, deputy to the National People's Congress and director of the Orbital Disease Research Institute of Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital Yuan has been paying attention to the vision problems of young people for many years. He said that too long using the eyes at close range, too close vision and insufficient lighting will lead to the occurrence of myopia.
It is very important to strengthen physical activity, receive a lot of sunlight, and eat a reasonable diet.
"At present, 20% of young people's myopia eventually develop into high myopia." Sun Fengyuan pointed out that once myopia is formed, there is no cure. Wearing glasses or surgery can only correct vision, but cannot correct pathological changes. If it develops into high myopia, it is easy to Irreversible blinding eye disease occurs.
The vision situation of young people in our country is indeed not optimistic.
According to a research report released by the World Health Organization in 2018, there are 600 million people with myopia in my country, and the rate of myopia among adolescents continues to rank first in the world.
On June 5, 2020, the National Health Commission released the "White Paper on Eye Health in China", which is the first white paper on eye health in my country.
According to the survey results of the white paper, in 2018, the overall myopia rate among children and adolescents nationwide was 53.6%.
Among them, 14.5% of 6-year-old children, 36% of primary school students, 71.6% of junior high school students, and 81% of high school students.
The country has always attached great importance to the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents.
In August 2018, the "Implementation Plan for the Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Myopia in Children and Adolescents" (hereinafter referred to as the Implementation Plan) jointly issued by the Ministry of Education, the National Health Commission and other eight departments proposed that "by 2023, strive to achieve the overall myopia rate of children and adolescents in the country in 2018. On the basis of the annual reduction of more than 0.5 percentage points, the province with high incidence of myopia will reduce it by more than 1 percentage point per year”.
In order to strengthen the attention of local governments to the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents, the implementation plan proposes to include the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents, the overall myopia rate and physical health status into government performance assessment indicators.
Affected by the new crown pneumonia epidemic in the first half of 2020, students have longer online learning time and fewer outdoor activities. In order to guide the prevention of myopia in children and adolescents during the epidemic, the National Health and Health Commission issued the "Guidelines for the Prevention of Myopia in Children and Adolescents During the New Coronary Pneumonia Epidemic". The use of electronic products, online learning time, etc. have been standardized, and they have been continuously updated and adjusted according to the normalized epidemic prevention and control situation and the resumption of schools and classes.
In April 2021, 15 departments including the Ministry of Education jointly issued the "Work Plan for the Prevention and Control of Myopia in Children and Adolescents (2021-2025)", which proposes school teaching and assignments in response to the issue of how long students use electronic products, which parents are most worried about. Without relying on electronic products, the teaching time using electronic products should not exceed 30% of the total teaching time in principle.
At the same time, we call on parents to strengthen the supervision and management of children's use of mobile phones, and form a joint effort between home and school to educate people.
"The prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents has made significant progress in the past three years, basically reaching the goal of decreasing by 0.5 percentage points per year." On October 26, 2021, Director of the Mechanism Office of the National Joint Conference on Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Myopia in Children and Adolescents, Ministry of Education Wang Dengfeng, director of the Department of Sports, Health and Art Education, said at a press conference of the Ministry of Education that in 2018, the overall myopia rate among children and adolescents nationwide was 53.6%. In 2019, the overall myopia rate dropped to 50.2%. At the end of the year, the overall myopia rate rose again to 52.7%, but compared with 2018, it was still down 0.9 percentage points.
The prevention and control of myopia should focus on "grasping early and small"
The prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents is also an area of continuous concern for some NPC deputies.
"Myopia is currently characterized by a young age of onset, high incidence, and deep degrees." Sun Fengyuan found in the survey that the current incidence of myopia continues to increase from primary school to high school. Myopia appeared before primary school, which means that the age of myopia prevention and control needs to be further advanced.
Bi Hongsheng, deputy to the National People's Congress and president of the Eye Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, has a deep understanding of this.
He pointed out that in the past, in the field of young people's vision health, the emphasis on prevention was not enough. It is necessary to move the threshold forward and shift the focus down, starting from the grassroots level, checking every child in every school, and establishing eye health records for them.
Bi Hongsheng said that Shandong Province has established a "life-cycle eye health system" from the age of 0 to the end of life. Measures to carry out the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents.
At present, more than 60 centers for the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents have been established in various cities across the province to carry out myopia screening, filing, early warning, and prevention and control of children and adolescents in a scientific, systematic and standardized manner.
In February this year, the Ministry of Education set up a national provincial reform demonstration zone for the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents in Shandong Province to actively explore new models and experiences that can be replicated and promoted in the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents.
The prevention and control of myopia needs to form a joint force of home and school
Schools are an important part of the prevention and control of young people's myopia.
As a teacher, Wang Jiajuan has seen too many examples of students who are obsessed with mobile phones leading to vision loss and delaying their studies.
"The number of students wearing glasses has increased significantly today, which has a lot to do with the long-term use of mobile phones. Frequent use of mobile phones by students can easily distract them from study and be infringed by bad content on the Internet." Wang Jiajuan noticed that many schools prohibit students from carrying The regulation of mobile phones entering the campus, but relying only on school rules and disciplines is far from enough to deter. In 2018, she proposed to revise the education law to increase the prohibition of students in basic education from bringing mobile phones into the campus.
This recommendation was adopted in the revised Minor Protection Act.
Article 70 of the revised Minor Protection Law, which will take effect on June 1, 2021, stipulates that underage students are not allowed to bring smart terminal products such as mobile phones into the classroom without the permission of the school, and those brought into the school shall be managed uniformly.
"This is the first time that the mobile phone management of primary and secondary school students has been raised to the level of national law. The introduction of the law not only makes school management based on the law, but also increases the attention of teachers, students and parents." Wang Jiajuan pointed out that the revised future After the implementation of the Adult Protection Law, the problem of students' use of mobile phones in school has been greatly improved, and teachers have also raised their awareness and try not to leave homework on electronic devices to protect students' eyesight.
During the epidemic at home, family education dominated, but Wang Jiajuan found that some parents enroll their children in many online training courses after students finish online classes, which is not only detrimental to students' eyesight health, but also difficult for this kind of cramming education. Really let students master knowledge, but will increase too much burden, counterproductive.
"Article 16 of the Law on the Protection of Minors stipulates that the parents or other guardians of minors shall guarantee the time for the minors to rest, entertain and exercise. Article 22 of the Family Education Promotion Law also stipulates that the minors' Parents or other guardians should reasonably arrange the time for minors to study, rest, entertainment and physical exercise, so as to avoid increasing the burden of minors' study." Wang Jiajuan pointed out that the law clearly stipulates the right of minors to rest, and it is necessary to publicize and popularize the law. Let parents understand and protect them, and also form a home-school synergy in the prevention and control of myopia.
"It is necessary to raise the awareness of the prevention and control of myopia among young people, and make it clear that families, schools, and medical institutions are the main responsible for the prevention and control of myopia." At this year's National People's Congress, Sun Fengyuan submitted a statement on comprehensively doing a good job in the prevention and control of myopia in adolescents. Recommendations for controlling and improving the eye health of the whole population.
Sun Fengyuan suggested that education authorities and schools should set up personnel agencies for the prevention and control of myopia, with designated personnel responsible and clear responsibilities.
Schools should establish students' vision health files, manage them individually, monitor the vision development curve, and detect and intervene early.
In addition, while strengthening physical education teaching and outdoor activities, we should formulate and supervise the implementation of standardized reading distances, standardized lighting, and continuous reading time standards for adolescents, promote popular science education courses for adolescent myopia prevention and control, and popularize eye exercises.
And according to the characteristics of children's development, strengthen the scientific management of school meals.
In Sun Fengyuan's view, one of the most important aspects of the prevention and control of myopia in young people is to truly "relieve the burden" for students from the source.
As the first person responsible for the "double reduction" of students, the school must earnestly fulfill its responsibilities, reduce the pressure of extracurricular homework, maintain linkage with students' parents, manage dynamically, and effectively reduce the burden.