China News Service, Beijing, May 6th (Reporter Chen Su) The Rural Revitalization Strategy Implementation Progress Evaluation Seminar and "Comprehensive Survey and Research Report on China's Rural Revitalization 2021" jointly sponsored by the Institute of Rural Development, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and China Social Sciences Press The "Report") press conference was held on the 6th. The report shows that the aging of China's rural population is severe, and the proportion of the population aged 60 and above exceeds 20%.
The "Comprehensive Survey and Research Report on China's Rural Revitalization 2021" systematically analyzes the progress of the implementation of China's rural revitalization strategy, covering 10 provinces (autonomous regions), 50 provinces (autonomous regions), Guangdong, Zhejiang, Shandong, Anhui, Henan, Heilongjiang, Guizhou, Sichuan, Shaanxi and Ningxia. 3833 valid questionnaires for farmers and 308 valid questionnaires for villages were obtained in 156 townships (towns), 308 administrative villages, and 15554 family members were collected.
The report shows that the human capital level of Chinese rural households is still not high at present, the overall age is relatively old, and the overall education level is relatively low, especially the quality and structure of the agricultural labor force is not high, and the regional differences are obvious.
The aging of the rural population is an important issue related to the development of rural areas and the entire country. The data of this survey intuitively reflects the severity of the problem.
Judging from the survey sample, the proportion of the population aged 60 and above reached 20.04%, and the proportion of the population aged 65 and above reached 13.82%, fully meeting the standard of "aging society" and very close to "aging society". "standard.
The proportion of the permanent resident population aged 60 and above reached 23.99%, and the proportion of the population aged 65 and above reached 16.57%, which exceeded the "aging society" standard and was only 3.43 percentage points away from the "super-aging society" standard.
Compared with the national aging data (in 2019, China's population aged 60 and above accounted for 18.1% of the total population, of which the population aged 65 and above accounted for 12.6% of the total population), the degree of aging in rural areas far exceeds the national situation.
Educational level is an important feature of human capital. According to the survey data, the human capital level of rural households is still not high.
The 15-64-year-old working-age population accounts for the majority of junior high school education levels; the illiteracy rate of the 15-year-old and above population is nearly 2 percentage points higher than the national level; the higher education gross enrollment rate of the 18-22-year-old higher education-age population is lower than the national level Level nearly 9 percent.
Nearly 1/3 of the working-age population are full-time farmers, among whom only about 10% have high school education and above (1.21% of them are junior college and above), and their average age is over 50 years old.
The report points out that the quality and structure of the agricultural labor force pose challenges to agricultural and rural modernization and rural revitalization.
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