China News Service, Beijing, April 21 (Reporter Yuan Xiuyue) In 2021, the latest data released by the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer showed that breast cancer surpassed lung cancer for the first time and became the "world's largest cancer".
Because most of the patients are women, breast cancer is also known as the "pink killer".
How far is the hyperplasia and nodule from breast cancer?
What bad habits and mistakes should you watch out for?
The "Medical Line Observation" column of Chinanews.com invited Shen Songjie, deputy chief physician of the Breast Surgery Department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, to interpret the topic of breast cancer prevention and treatment.
Shen Songjie, Deputy Chief Physician of Breast Surgery of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, gave a video interview with China News. The right is Shen Songjie.
Photo by Cao Miaoxin of China News Service.
——The incidence of breast cancer in Chinese women is getting higher and higher? What is the reason?
"The incidence of breast cancer in my country is growing very fast. In the past 20 years, our annual growth rate of breast cancer has reached 4%. What is the concept? Now the global growth rate of breast cancer is 2%, and we are twice theirs."21 Shen Songjie said in a video interview with Chinanews.com.
He added that in fact, the incidence of breast cancer varies greatly from place to place.
Generally speaking, the incidence of breast cancer in cities is higher than that in rural areas, and that in big cities is higher than that in small cities.
In other words, the more developed the economy, the higher the incidence of breast cancer.
Shen Songjie explained that more and more people are entering a Westernized way of life, the pace is getting faster and faster, and the impact is relatively large.
In addition, Shen Songjie also mentioned that breast cancer in my country has two characteristics: an earlier age of onset and a later diagnosis.
"On the one hand, the mutation spectrum of breast cancer genes in Chinese women may be different from those in European and American countries. In addition, in terms of lifestyle and living environment, middle-aged women, especially women in their 40s, face challenges from work, life, marriage and children. Multiple pressures, superimposed together, lead to significantly younger breast cancer incidence."
He said that in terms of breast cancer surgical treatment, China is not worse than foreign countries, but the survival rate of breast cancer among Chinese women is relatively low.
--alert! Smoking, drinking and obesity increase breast cancer risk
Who is more likely to get breast cancer?
Shen Songjie said that there are two types of high-risk factors for breast cancer, one is uncontrollable and the other is controllable.
"What is an uncontrollable high-risk factor? It means that you are prone to cancer when you are born. For example, women have a higher risk of breast cancer than men, and men's risk is about 1% of women's. There is also age, the peak of breast cancer in Chinese women. The age is 40 to 50. The third is also related to the menstrual cycle. If the age of menarche is younger, the menopause is later, and the breasts are exposed to estrogen for a longer time, the risk of breast cancer is higher. In addition, the breast Cancer family history, gene mutation, etc." Shen Songjie said.
As for the controllable risk factors, they include fast pace of life, high work pressure, emotional anxiety, lack of exercise, obesity, smoking, drinking and so on.
"Female estrogen not only comes from the ovaries, but also from fat. Fat women have more fat, and they will synthesize more estrogen, and her risk will increase. When people are emotionally anxious and nervous, their immunity will decline. Some Cancer cells will be missed by the immune system, thereby increasing the risk of breast cancer. So you must control your emotions, don't get angry, and smile more." Shen Songjie said.
——How far is the breast nodule from breast cancer? Breasts cannot be massaged casually!
Many women will find breast nodules and breast hyperplasia during physical examination. How to deal with them?
Shen Songjie said that breast nodules are actually a relatively general concept.
"There is a BI-RADS classification for breast nodules in imaging, which is divided into 7 grades from benign to the most malignant. Among them, grades 4 and above may be malignant, and attention should be paid to them, and grades 3 and below are benign nodules. , can be reviewed regularly.”
In life, many people use massage to relieve nodules or hyperplasia. Are these really useful?
Shen Songjie reminded that breast massage should not be done casually. Those with a BI-RADS rating of 2 or higher are useless, that is to say, those with long things are useless.
"Breast hyperplasia troubles many women. It will hurt when they are about to have a period or get angry. Massage may relieve the pain symptoms. But if the breast grows nodules, don't massage. It is not only ineffective, but also harmful. For example, it is already Breast cancer, if you massage it and spread it, it will be more troublesome. If you really want to massage, you must do a physical examination first to see if there is any problem.”
Shen Songjie also suggested that women can perform self-examination on their breasts at ordinary times.
One look: Look at the changes in the shape of the breasts, whether there are local bumps or redness, orange peel, and eczema.
Second touch: Press the breast against the chest wall with the belly of your fingers and gently rub, and feel for the presence of lumps.
Three squeezing: squeezing the nipple, nipple discharge is mostly benign, if one day the squeezing is bloody and colored, it must be paid attention.
He suggested that there are many methods for breast self-examination, but you must not pinching the glands, which are all lumps.
He suggested that women can self-examine within three days to one week after menstruation, and postmenopausal women can self-examine at a fixed time every month.
- Breast cancer must cut the breast? Avoid these mistakes!
In the interview, Shen Songjie suggested that women must seek medical attention in time if they find breast cancer problems. Some people are afraid of having breast cancer and will cut their breasts.
He said that if you have breast cancer, you don't have to cut the breast. Now many breast cancers can do breast conservation and armpit conservation.
"Two small operations are performed for early breast cancer, a small incision in the breast and a small incision in the armpit, two or three centimeters, which are not obvious, and have no impact on life and appearance."
In addition, Shen Songjie also clarified several cognitive misunderstandings about breast cancer.
For example, breast cancer must be checked and reviewed regularly. A single check does not mean that it will be fine for life. It can only be said that no signs of cancer have been found so far.
Some women are very anxious after being diagnosed with BI-RADS grade 3, fearing that they will soon become grade 4 breast cancer.
In this regard, Shen Songjie said that there are many cases in which grade 3 develops to grade 4. One is that the tumor is cunning. It behaves like grade 3, but it is actually malignant.
But some grade 3 tumors that have been observed for two or three years are basically benign tumors and rarely become cancerous.
"Excessive anxiety is unnecessary, and overconfidence should also be avoided." Shen Songjie suggested that on the one hand, everyone should adjust their pace of life, change unhealthy living habits, and slow down their lifestyle as slowly as possible.
At the same time, don't be afraid of breast cancer. He emphasized that "breast cancer is preventable, curable, and curable." If you have cancer, you must find it early and treat it early.
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