Northwest China and North China are dusty again! An article to understand the "black" history of sand and dust to master the scientific defense guide
China Weather Network News Affected by the cold air, today (April 11), wind and sand in parts of Northwest China and North China rose again. The PM10 concentration in Ningxia, eastern Gansu, northern Shanxi and western Beijing increased significantly, the sky turned yellow obviously, visibility decreased, and airborne It also smelled of dust.
The Central Meteorological Observatory issued a blue warning for sandstorms at 6 am this morning, reminding the public to take precautions.
Spring is the season of high sand and dust. How to protect when sand and dust strikes?
Which places in my country are prone to dusty weather?
China Weather Network has comprehensively combed the big data of sand and dust weather in the past 30 years, taking you to understand the sand and dust early warning, and master the scientific protection guide.
alert! The sandstorms in these 7 provinces are more common and the southernmost sand and dust can reach the northern part of South China
From the statistics of China Weather Network from 1991 to 2020, the distribution of sandstorm days in my country can be seen. It can be seen that sandstorm weather mainly affects the northern region of my country. Among them, the southern Xinjiang Basin and western Inner Mongolia are high-incidence areas of sandstorms, and the annual number of sandstorm days is 10 more than 20 days in some areas.
Sandstorms are also common in Xinjiang, Qinghai, most of Gansu, Ningxia, central and western Inner Mongolia, northern Shaanxi, and northern Shanxi. These seven provinces are also the areas most frequently affected by sand and dust in my country.
In addition, the impact of sandstorms can also be seen in North China, Huanghuai, Northeast China and other places.
Since the beginning of this century, the process of sand and dust weather in my country has generally shown a trend of decreasing. However, from March to May every year, it is still a period of high sand and dust incidence in the north, and the impact of sand and dust weather cannot be ignored.
From March 14th to 16th, 2021, the strongest sand and dust weather process occurred in northern my country in the past 10 years.
The air quality in many places has reached severe pollution. In some areas, flight cancellations, high-speed control, and train delays have occurred. In Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Xinjiang, and other places, crops have been damaged and agricultural facilities have been damaged. Baotou, Inner Mongolia, was urgently suspended due to sand and dust weather.
From March 19 to 22, 2010, the severe sandstorm process affected a wide range of areas, including Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Shaanxi, and most of North China. From the south to the northeastern part of South China, the cumulative impact has reached 21 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities.
From March 18 to 22, 2002, the strong sandstorm hit the northwest, north China, northeast, Huanghuai, Jianghuai, Hanshui basin, Sichuan Basin, Hunan and other places, which constituted the largest sandstorm profile in the spring of that year, with 11 Sandstorms have occurred in 72 stations in the province, and the visibility of Dingxin in Gansu and Wulatehou Banner in Inner Mongolia has dropped sharply to zero.
Notice! Not all dusty weather is called a dust storm
Whenever the sky turns yellow and there is dust floating in the air, some people think: the sandstorm is coming!
In fact, not all dusty weather is a dust storm.
Only when the dust weather reaches a certain intensity can it be called a sandstorm.
In meteorology, dust weather can be divided into floating dust, blowing sand, dust storm, strong dust storm and extra strong dust storm according to the impact from light to heavy.
The lightest degree of floating dust refers to the weather phenomenon in which dust and fine sand are evenly floating in the air, so that the horizontal visibility is less than 10 kilometers.
In the sand blowing weather, the wind blows the dust and sand on the ground, making the air quite turbid, and the weather phenomenon in which the horizontal visibility is within 1 km to 10 km.
When the dust storm level is reached, the strong wind will blow up a large amount of sand and dust on the ground, making the air very turbid, and the horizontal visibility is less than 1 km.
A strong sandstorm is a strong wind that blows the sand and dust on the ground, the air is blurry and turbid, and the horizontal visibility is less than 500 meters.
When the most terrifying ultra-strong sandstorm occurred, the strong wind blew the sand and dust on the ground, the air was particularly turbid, and the horizontal visibility was less than 50 meters.
fear! Disaster blockbuster "Black Storm" reality has also happened
The gust of wind swept through the dust, forming a sand wall roaring, covering the sky and sweeping the urban and rural areas. Such scenes are not only seen in film and television lenses, but the "black storm" exists in reality.
"Black Storm" is usually a common name for extra-strong dust storms, also known as "Black Wind", which is a rare phenomenon in which dust weather reaches its maximum intensity.
When the "black storm" occurred, the visibility was almost zero wherever it passed, and it was a disastrous weather mixed with strong winds and dense sand and dust.
"Black storm" has the characteristics of strong suddenness, wide influence and great destructive power; its life history is very short, generally less than 12 hours from occurrence to disappearance.
Li Liang, a meteorological analyst at China Weather Network, said that "black storms" are prone to appear in desert and semi-desert areas, and occur mainly at the turn of spring and spring and summer. And will destroy and bury near-ground objects and fertile fields.
"Black storms" will not only directly lead to the excessive loss of nutrients in the soil, but also pollute the air quality and have great destructive power to the natural environment.
On May 5, 1993, a rare and catastrophic black storm swept across parts of Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia, and Inner Mongolia. When the black storm occurred, the maximum wind force reached 12, and the visibility was zero when the visibility was at its lowest.
Caused heavy casualties and huge industrial and agricultural losses, known as the "5.5 Black Storm" in history.
Level three! A picture to understand the sandstorm warning
Sandstorms, especially strong sandstorms, are extremely harmful and disastrous weather.
When sandstorms strike, the meteorological department will issue corresponding warnings.
According to the current national-level early warning release standards, the sand and dust storm warnings issued by the Central Meteorological Observatory are divided into three levels: sand and dust storm blue, yellow, and orange warnings.
Please keep this protection guide when sand and dust strikes
Sand and dust weather will cause air quality to decline, seriously affect people's daily life, and also have a certain impact on the ecological environment and some facility agriculture.
Once you receive the sand and dust storm warning issued by the meteorological department, please take preventive measures in time to reduce the adverse effects of sand and dust.
The elderly, children, pregnant women, people with respiratory diseases and cardiovascular diseases are sensitive groups. They should avoid going out as much as possible in dusty weather. In case of chronic cough with sputum or shortness of breath, episodic wheezing and chest pain Seek medical attention as soon as possible.
(Planning: Feng Wei Data Support: Li Liang Design: Zhang Li)