Amazing details about the farthest galaxy in the universe, 13.5 billion light-years away from Earth!

Astronomers have monitored the farthest galaxy ever discovered, 13.5 billion light-years away from Earth, according to a recently published study, and its results must be confirmed by more advanced observations.

After more than 1,200 hours, during which the sky was observed through four telescopes, "HD1" was detected, a very bright object "its red color matches the characteristics of a galaxy 13.5 billion light-years away," according to what the discoverer of the galaxy Yuichi Harikaneh explains in a statement published on the sidelines of the study. The Royal Astronomical Society.

Additional data collected by the ALMA observatory in Chile confirmed the results of the new study, as the "HD1" galaxy is farther away than the "GN-z11" galaxy, which until the discovery of "HD1" was the farthest galaxy ever, by 100 million years.

Thus, the HD1 galaxy was formed 300 million years after the Big Bang, the period of the emergence of the universe, and the light it emits took 13.5 billion years to reach Earth.

In order to determine the age of the galaxy, scientists measured the redshift of its original light.

As the universe expands, the distance between objects expands.

As we go back in time, the distance between objects increases and their light extends more, transforming into wavelengths that become increasingly red.

"When I spotted the color red, I got goosebumps," says Yochi Harikan, an astrophysicist at the University of Tokyo and one of the authors of the study published in the Astrophysical Journal.

But one problem arises in light of this discovery, as scientists have also detected an unusually strong intensity of ultraviolet radiation in the galaxy, which is a sign of activity that has not been addressed by theoretical models of galaxy formation.

The study authors therefore put forward two hypotheses. The first indicates that the galaxy would have constituted a fertile ground for star formation in particular, and the formation of about 100 of them annually, a rate ten times higher than expected.

These stars could represent the "third star population" that astronomers have not yet been able to spot.

These first generations of stars are larger, brighter and hotter than modern stars, said lead study author Fabio Paccucci of the Harvard Center for Astrophysics in the United States.

The second hypothesis is that there is a huge black hole in the center of the galaxy, which, by swallowing huge amounts of gas, emits strong ultraviolet radiation.

But for this phenomenon to occur, the black hole must be the size of a hundred millionths of the mass of the sun.

In this context, astrophysicist Francoise Coombs of the Paris-PSL observatory, who was not involved in preparing the study, says that reaching a similar size in a very short time is a remote possibility.

To clear up the confusion, the HD1 galaxy has become a target for the James Webb Space Telescope, which has an unparalleled ability to see the very distant universe.

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