The dance poem "Only This Green", which is based on the Northern Song Dynasty painter Wang Ximeng's green landscape "A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains", was popular in this year's CCTV Spring Festival Gala, attracting a lot of praise.

In the Yuan Dynasty, a Shandong painter also had a blue-green landscape painting "Spring Mountain Scroll". Like Wang Ximeng, he was the only one of his paintings that has been passed down to later generations. This painting is now collected in the Palace Museum.

His name is Shang Qi, the character is Defu, the number is Shouyan, and he is from Caozhou (now Heze City, Shandong).

  Shang Qi was born in a family of officials and scholars. His grandfather, Shang Heng, was a scholar in Jin Zhining's year (1213).

His father, Shang Ting, was a well-known official in both civil and military affairs in the early Yuan Dynasty.

In the first year of the Yuan Dynasty (1264), Shang Ting was called into the capital to serve as the political affairs officer of Zhongshu, and successively held the positions of Tongqi Privy Council, Xie Shu Privy Council, Privy Council Deputy, and Anxi King.

Shang Ting was also a famous Sanquist in the Yuan Dynasty. In his youth, he made friends with the famous poet Yuan Haowen, and he was also a master of poetry, calligraphy and painting.

There are more than 1,000 poems, but unfortunately most of them have been lost. Today, there are 19 small poems, and most of them are about love and scenery of the four seasons.

After his death, he was posthumously presented to Taishi and Duke of Lu, with the posthumous posthumous title Wending.

Shang Ting had five sons: Shang Hu, Shang Lin, Shang Tang, Shang Rong, and Shang Qi.

  With such a superior family environment, Shang Qi, the youngest son of Shang Ting, has been influenced and nurtured by his father since childhood, and has a profound literary and artistic accomplishment.

In the eighth year of Dade in the Yuan Dynasty (1304), Emperor Chengzong Tiemuer summoned Shang Qi and entered Beisuwei.

Shang Qi had a close relationship with Aiyu Liba Liba (later Yuan Renzong), who was a prince at the time.

In the first year of Huangqing (1312), Emperor Renzong ascended the throne, and he was awarded a bachelor degree by Shang Qi, Jixian Shi and lecturer, a doctor in the court, and in the fourth year of Yanyou (1317), he was promoted to an official and a doctor, and in the third year of Zhizhi (1323) on the eleventh On the second day of the lunar month, he was promoted to the secretary, the official third grade.

Shang Qi had a prominent position and was very favored by the emperor.

  Shang Qi was both an official and a painter. In the art of painting, he was good at painting landscapes and bamboo, and he learned from the famous painters of the Northern Song Dynasty, Li Cheng and Guo Xi.

He learned from the ancients and learned from nature. He painted with his own comprehension and personal experience. His brush strokes were magnificent, his brush and ink were elegant, his ink and wash were bright and clean, and he was also highly interesting. His reputation was growing, and he was well-known. "Three Heroes", and has the praise of "unique", "excellent art" and "unparalleled in the world".

  His painting style influenced the painting circle in the late Yuan Dynasty.

Ke Jiusi, a famous calligrapher and painter in the Yuan Dynasty, inscribed Shang Qi's "Landscape Map" poem: "There are many wonders and a hundred delusions, and the brushwork is natural everywhere. Wang Wei's death is long enough to wake up, and this painting will be reborn once doubts arise." He also said: "Jixian He once painted Jiaxi's clothes, and he gave gold to worship and dance. From then on, he painted landscapes in the world, and the clear springs and white stones turned into sunshine." Although the Yuan Dynasty did not have a painting academy, Shang Qi was actually a senior court painter.

  After Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty, established the Yuan Dynasty and established the capital of Dadu, he changed the practice of decorating the royal palace with gold and silver in the previous dynasties, and advocated the use of frescoes to embellish it, which is both frugal and cultural.

Some wealthy aristocrats, dignitaries and dignitaries were also elegant, and invited famous painters to paint murals with themes of landscape, bamboo, stone, flowers and birds in the halls of the mansion, so the murals in the Yuan Dynasty were relatively prosperous. The painting content is also very extensive.

  Most of the murals in the temples are made by folk painters, while the murals in the palaces and noble houses are mostly made by literati and scholars, and Shang Qi is the leader of the murals.

Renzong once ordered him to paint walls, not using gold and vermilion pastels, but only using ink. It can be seen that his ink-wash landscapes, bamboo and stone paintings were outstanding at that time.

He painted many murals in his life, and many murals in palaces and noble houses at that time came from his handwriting.

For example, the poet Ding Fu at that time once wrote a poem about Shang Qi's painting of murals in the Prince's Mansion: "At that time, a man was a man of virtue, and he made a floating map in the west of Renhuang's mansion. I didn't like the gods to travel to the Baji, but the love was better than Luohuan. District. No ghosts and ghosts can be painted on the plain walls, nor can they be painted with gold and vermilion. But let the ink and wash write the rivers and mountains, the pines and red junipers are rooted.”

  Shang Qi also painted murals for the palace of the imperial censor and the first Timur. Zhao Mengfu praised it in a poem: "The mountains are swathed in the sky, and the hills are flat and far away. "The poet Zhu Xiyan of the Yuan Dynasty also wrote a poem titled "Mt. Meishan Chunxiao Painting Wall Made by the Bachelor of Commerce in Kaiyuan": "The rising sun in the special court moves to the clear sky, and the clear windows are covered with snow. Qiang melts and releases spring waves, Emei washes makeup and buns green. Flying in the sky for three hundred miles, as if there is a sound of Ba ape. The ancient trees stand in the clouds, and the southwest sky is half-walled alone. Lying at the ginseng and hanging high in autumn, it is true Danti picked it by hand. There is no such beautiful landscape in the world, what year did the Yinghai come to the fairy cliff. The green should not cover the spring and the day, and the sky should be empty in the evening."

  Shang Qi once went on an envoy to Shu, traveled to the south of the Yangtze River, and enjoyed the magnificent mountains and rivers of Shenzhou, which was of great benefit to his painting creation.

The poet Yu Ji of the Yuan Dynasty wrote a poem: "In the past, the Duke of Shang looked at Qin and Shu, and the bottom of Jiange's brush was opened. He lived in the south of the Yangtze River for three years, and it was not Lufu or Tiantai." : "The White Emperor of Qutang lingers on the rocky hills, and it is difficult for the red ox to climb. Emei comes to the west to open the gap, and the north of the sword pavilion fights."

  As a high-ranking member of the court, Shang Qi was favored by the emperor. His paintings mainly served the court, and he never painted for others easily in the society.

At that time, the eminent monk Dayi asked him for paintings and stayed in the mountains for more than ten days, but Shang Qi did not send the paintings after his death. I returned with a bunch of silk, and the painting was made by Xu Ji and fell to nothing. Xi Weng He was fortunate to get half of it, and he sent dead wood with me." Coupled with the change of dynasties and the chaos of war, Shang Qi's surviving works are very rare.

  From the poems written by literati and painters at that time, it can be seen that Shang Qi painted some beautiful landscapes at that time.

For example, Zhao Mengfu wrote a poem titled "Shangqi Taoyuan Spring Dawn Picture": "Suyun is scattered in the early days of the green hills and wet, and the red and colorful streams are fast. There are many springs in the peach blossom source, and the spring smoke at the entrance of the cave shakes the green radish. Foot. Yao grass is far away from the full stream, long pine and falling volley and blue sky. Chickens croak and dogs bark into a village, and the inhabitants do not know each other. Yingzhou cyclists know the immortal road, and they dye Danqing and send light and vegetarian food. Where can there be such a picture of a mountain? I want to move my family to live in the mountains." Through this poem, it can be seen that Shang Qi's "Peach Spring Dawn" is a painting of Tiantai Mountain's Taoyuan Spring Dawn, but unfortunately we have no chance to see the original painting today.

At present, only "Spring Mountain Scroll" is recognized as Shang Qi's work, which is now in the Palace Museum.

  "Spring Mountain Scroll" is a long scroll of green landscape with a length of more than two meters.

In the distant view, the mountains are continuous, winding and undulating, shrouded in smoke and mist, and the clouds are dense and majestic. The flow, sometimes turbulent, sometimes gentle, seems to hear the sound of flowing spring water, adding dynamic to the quiet mountains and rivers, showing infinite vitality; the pines and cypresses at the foot of the mountain are tall and straight, the jungle miscellaneous trees, the lush deep and beautiful, the lake is vast, the water ripples, the houses on the shore The house is like a house, scattered among the trees, and it has a paradise of paradise; the proportion of the figures in the picture is very small, but the shape is accurate, and only a few strokes point out the identity of their scholars and guests. They are in the mountains and forests, or they are facing each other. language, exchange comments, or walk with a stick and enjoy the beauty of the mountains and rivers.

  The painting also expresses Shang Qi's desire to express his love for landscapes and his longing for a leisurely and ordinary life.

A contemporary Zhang Yu said in his poem "Giving a Business Bachelor's Virtue": "A poor person is as confident as Tao Kan, but who can be as confident as Zheng Qian in the three unique ways."

  □ Zheng Xuefu