■ Zeng Qingjiang
"Thousands of Poems" is an important component of the ancient Mongolian school readings "Three Hundreds of Thousands of Thousands" (namely "Three Characters Classic", "Hundred Family Surnames", "Thousand Characters", "Thousands of Poems"). It has attracted much attention and spread widely.
"Thousands of Poems" spread to Hainan soon after its birth, becoming a model for people to understand society and learn poetry creation.
It is very interesting that although most of the poets in "Thousands of Poems" are from the Tang and Song Dynasties, several of them have come to Hainan, and there are also local poets in Hainan, who have a lot of fate with Hainan.
This explains the influence of the Central Plains culture on Hainan to a certain extent, and also proves that the local culture of Hainan has begun to have a national influence.
Su Shi's seven unique legends through the ages
Su Shi "has traveled thousands of miles and half the world", and came to Danzhou, Hainan in his old age.
During the period of exile, Su Shi insisted on diligently creating while enriching the culture and education. The "Poems of He Tao" represented the highest achievement in his later years, and was also an important component of ancient Hainan poetry creation. demonstration.
The title of "Thousands of Poems" is "Thousands of Schools". In fact, 122 schools were selected, mainly poets from the Tang and Song Dynasties, of which 65 were in the Tang Dynasty and 53 in the Song Dynasty.
Among the selected poets, Du Fu has the most works, with 25 works, followed by Li Bai, with 8 works; Su Shi has 6 works, ranking third, ranking first among the poets of the Song Dynasty.
"Thousands of Poems" is divided into five volumes, five verses, seven quintessences, and one volume each.
"Spring Night": "Spring night is worth a thousand dollars at a moment, the flowers are fragrant and the moon is cloudy. The sound of the singing tube tower is thin, and the swing courtyard is dark at night." The flowers emit an intoxicating fragrance, and the moon casts a hazy shadow. The beauty is worth cherishing.
In the depths of the platform, people were intoxicated with singing and dancing.
Unconsciously, it was late at night, and only the courtyard with the swing frame was silent.
"A spring night is worth a thousand gold" has become a famous saying that has been passed down through the ages.
Su Shi is good at discovering beauty in ordinary scenes, and a little bit of dyeing makes a masterpiece.
"Drinking on the Lake after the First Rain": "The water is bright and clear, and the mountains are full of rain. It's strange. If you want to compare the West Lake to Xizi, it is always suitable to wear light and heavy makeup." In his opinion, no matter it is a sunny day, Still in the rain, the beautiful scenery of the West Lake is unforgettable.
"Winter Scene" (also known as "Gift to Liu Jingwen"): "The lotus has no rain cover, and the chrysanthemum still has proud frost branches. A good year must be remembered, and the most orange-yellow orange-green time." Although facing the The bleak scene of late autumn and early winter, the withered lotus and the crippled chrysanthemum, but the "orange, yellow, orange and green time" that makes people feel fruitful is unparalleled in other seasons.
This is an affectionate tribute to the gift of nature, and a release to an old friend Liu Jingwen.
Dongpo's "Begonia" is vivid and expressive: "The east wind swirls around Sogo, and the fragrant mist covers the moon and turns the corridor. I only fear that the flowers will fall asleep at night, so I burn high candles to illuminate the red makeup." The east wind makes people feel strong The strong spring, the fragrance of flowers permeates the hazy fog, the moon slowly turns around the corridor, and the night becomes thicker and darker.
People who appreciate flowers are never tired of seeing Begonias, for fear that the flowers will fall asleep in the middle of the night, so they light candles to illuminate Begonia's beautiful appearance, reflecting their deep infatuation with Begonia.
Su Shi's "Flower Shadow": "It was stacked on Yaotai, and the child couldn't sweep it away. It was just cleaned up by the sun, but taught by the bright moon to send it to the future." On Yaotai.
As long as there is love in the heart, good times will always be there!
Even in the courtroom, Su Shi also has a pair of eyes that are good at discovering beauty, such as "Shangyuan Servant Banquet": "The moon and stars circle around the building, and the fairy wind blows the incense from the royal furnace. The courtier Hu stands in the Tongming Hall, a red cloud Hold the Jade Emperor." The moon is pale and the stars are scarce, the royal stove is fragrant, and the courtiers are standing up, all waiting for the emperor to arrive.
Although it is a praise poem that should be made, it is very decent. It has the ceremonies of the monarch and the minister, but it has no flattery. It is magnificent and solemn.
Hui Hong is young and talented in poetry
Huihong is also known as Hong Juefan.
His influence on ancient Hainan was no more than the song "Eating Lychees in Yazhou": "I was tired of eating and drinking, and I also tasted the precious fruits in Shanglin. The Lord of Heaven saw that I was salivating, and sent him to Yazhou to eat lychees." Seeing myself drooling is too much, so I was sent to Yazhou (now Sanya, Hainan) to taste lychees.
This poem, which speaks for Hainan lychee, is a precious cultural heritage that Huihong left to Hainan.
In August of the fourth year of Daguan in the Northern Song Dynasty (1110), Huihong, who was 40 years old at the time, went to the capital to defect to Zhang Shangying, the prime minister of the dynasty. Wealth and honor among monks."
However, good times do not always come, and good flowers do not bloom often.
In October of the first year of Zhenghe (1111), due to Zhang Shangying's dismissal from the prime minister, Huihong was sent to Kaifeng Prison.
Huihong's life was very tortuous.
At the age of 14, his parents died, and he relied on Buddhism as a boy. At the age of 19, he passed the test in the capital.
He has been in Jinling, Kaifeng, Taiyuan, and Nanchang prisons four times, and has been deprived of his monk status twice.
After entering Kaifeng Prison, he was stripped of his monk status and assassinated with Hainan Zhuya Army. This was a low point in his life.
After a short psychological struggle, Huihong, a monk, chose to face it calmly, and this is how he created "Eating Lychee in Yazhou for the First Time" created for Hainan.
The verses are clear and clear, but full of affection, showing the poet's personality and open-mindedness.
"Eating Lychee in Yazhou for the First Time" is only one of Huihong's poems. Many of his works have been included in "Shimen Word Zen", which not only makes people understand the creative style of "Jiangxi Poetry School", but also makes people understand The great charm of Zen "word Zen".
Huihong, who is so poetic, will naturally be admired by many people.
His seven-law "The Swing" was selected into "A Thousand Poems": "The easel is double-cut with the emerald slant, and the beauty is in front of the small building of the Spring Opera. The fluttering blood-colored dress mopped the floor, ruining the jade-like person to the sky. Hanging green poplar smoke. Come down and stand calmly, it is suspected that the Toad Palace exiled to the immortal."
In the fourth year of Xining in the Northern Song Dynasty (1071), Huihong was born in Xinchang County, Junzhou, Jiangxi.
Because Jiangxi has a good tradition of "cultivating, studying and managing the family", the young Huihong received a good Confucian education and had a high literary quality.
The poem "The Swing" was written by Huihong when he was studying in the school when he was 14 years old, and it has become a masterpiece that has been passed down and recited by people for hundreds of years.
Through bright colors, vivid images and full of vigor, "Swing" depicts nature and beauties in such a way that they are incomparably fragrant, yet integrated and unforgettable.
What is commendable is that although the poem is titled "The Swing", it concentrates on describing the "beautiful woman" with pen and ink, showing her temperament like a fairy, and it belongs to the excellent work of poems about things.
Huihong's young talent is evident.
But after a few months, Huihong suffered the human tragedy of the death of both parents and had to choose to step into the life of Buddhism.
The occasion in life is truly heart-wrenching.
Bai Yuchan's Poem Wings of Early Spring
In Hainan in the Song Dynasty, Bai Yuchan was of course a character that had to be said.
He was the first cultural celebrity in Hainan to have an influence in the whole country, and was honored as the fifth ancestor of Taoism Nanzong.
Bai Yuchan, who was born in Qiongshan, Hainan, has a talent for poetry as a teenager.
It is said that at the age of 12, he went to Guangzhou to take the boy's test, and the examiner ordered him to write a poem on the subject of "loom".
Bai Yuchan wrote in response: "The earth, mountains and rivers are used as looms, and hundreds of flowers are made of brocade and willows as silk. When one is made in the empty space, the sun and the moon are flying in the sky." This imaginative poem alarmed the examiner, but it was considered that Arrogant and defeated.
The unfair treatment made Bai Yuchan tired of the imperial examinations, and instead fell in love with the way of change of the gods.
At the age of 16, Bai Yuchan left home and wandered, and went to practice in Songlinling, Danzhou, and officially entered Taoism. At the age of 23, he crossed the sea alone to seek teachers in various parts of the mainland. His footprints spread all over southern China, leaving behind many legends.
If the poem "The Loom" that led to Bai Yuchan's defeat in the imperial examination is still just a legend, his Qijue poem "Early Spring" was included in the Mongolian classic "A Thousand Family Poems", which is a true manifestation of his brilliance.
"Early Spring" wrote: "The south branch has only two or three flowers, and the snow is incense and powder is added. The smoke is faint and the moon is thick, and the water is deep and the sand is deep." It's early spring.
At this time, auspiciousness fell from the sky, and a snow came, which made the blooming plum blossoms no longer lonely.
It is very pleasant to experience the fragrance of plum blossoms in the snow under the moon and enjoy the whiteness of plum blossoms.
The first plum blossoms are of different shades, and the night fog and moonlight are attached to the flowers, either like cold water or clear sand, each with its own taste.
In the hazy beauty, the poet connects flowers, snow, smoke, moon, water, sand, etc. into one, and integrates them into one, and has a poetic and pictorial meaning in it.
Bai Yuchan traveled all over the country and finally stayed at Zhizhi Nunnery in Wuyi Mountain, Fujian.
This ethereal "Early Spring" should describe the early spring weather in the south of the Yangtze River, and belongs to his masterpiece of poetry in his mature period.
Although he has been away for many years, Bai Yuchan misses his hometown more and more.
He wrote in "Huayang Yin": "My home is thousands of miles away in Qiongzhou, and my body travels like a lonely boat. At night, I dream and ride the west wind, and my eyes are broken and my home is full of tears. Hainan is a cloudy sky, and my eyes have grown flowers for ten years. When I look back at one or two o'clock, the west wind and sunset swallow me sad." The nostalgic feeling of constant cutting and disorder is a spiritual treasure left by Bai Yuchan.
(About the author: Zeng Qingjiang, professor of School of Communication, Soochow University)