Taiyuan, March 28 (Reporter Li Jianbin) The Shanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology has officially announced the results of the archaeological excavations at the Jishan Canal site: newly discovered remains of the Dongxiafeng culture in the Xia Dynasty.
The characteristics of the remains and relics found at the Dongqu site this time are very consistent with the remains of the Xia Dynasty found in the southern Jinan area of Shanxi, such as the Dongxiafeng site in Xia County and the Dachai site in Xiangfen. The rare new Xia period archaeological discovery in the region is the largest Xia period site excavated after the Dongxiafeng site and the ancient city Nanguan site.
The Dongqu Site is located in the north of Dongqu Village, Jifeng Town, Jishan County, Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province. It is a cultural relic of the Xia Dynasty newly discovered during the exploration of the site in 2020 to cooperate with the construction of the Jishan County Stadium Project.
In 2021, the Shanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology and the Yuncheng Cultural Relics Protection Center jointly conducted an archaeological excavation of the site, covering an area of about 1,000 square meters. A total of 1 house site, 2 pottery kilns and 36 ash pits were cleared.
There are many pottery pieces, animal bones and stones. The small pieces unearthed include bone arrowheads, bone hairpins, bone needles, bone cones, stone knives, stone shovels, etc., as well as sporadic painted pottery fragments, which are still rare in the same period. .
The two newly discovered pottery kilns are both small vertical pit kilns with simple structure, the same size and shape.
This is the same as the pottery kiln found at the Dongxiafeng site in both size and shape.
There are 36 ash pits found in the Dongqu site, and some larger-scale ash pits can best represent the characteristics of the Dongqu site.
Among them, the ash pit numbered H10 is the largest ash pit in this excavation. The opening is about 21 meters long from east to west, 5.6 meters wide from north to south, and 2 to 3.5 meters deep. The pit wall is rough and adducted.
The relics unearthed at the Dongqu site are mainly pottery, mostly gray pottery, and brown pottery account for a certain proportion.
The pattern is mainly Jomon, and there are also a small amount of embossed "S" pattern, additional pile pattern, swirl pattern, string pattern, scratch pattern, basket pattern and so on.
Typical utensils include high-necked double li, single-handle li, pottery jar, jar with li, single-ear jar, deep-bellied jar, flat-bottomed shallow-bellied basin, double-sided deep-bellied basin, plate, bowl, small-mouth drum-shoulder jar, folded shoulder Cans, big mouth urns, small mouth urns, egg-shaped urns, convergent urns, lids, beans, quadruped square cups, jue, pheasants, etc.
At the same time, there are also jade tools, bone tools, and mussel tools such as jade tombs, stone shovels, stone knives, stone spinning wheels, stone adzes, stone chisels, stone arrowheads, bone hairpins, bone cones, bone arrowheads, bone needles, bone shovels, etc.
In addition, the staff unearthed a large number of animal bones, and initially identified pigs, cattle, sheep, chickens, etc.
Preliminary research on plant archaeology shows that millet and millet are the basic crop species at the Jishandongqu site. At the same time, the ancestors may have collected wild plants such as crabgrass as animal feed, and used the young leaves of Chenopodiaceae and other plants as food supplements.
Cui Junjun, the project leader and deputy director of the Institute of Chinese Civilization of the Shanxi Provincial Academy of Archaeology, said that the excavation provided material support for a comprehensive and systematic study of the cultural connotation, handicraft production, and livelihood patterns of the Dongqu site, which was helpful for southern Shanxi Province. The region's long-silent summer archaeological research has played a role in promoting.