In recent years, social anxiety about education has intensified.
With the introduction of the "5:5" general vocational diversion policy, the long-standing educational anxiety has gradually manifested as the anxiety of entering a higher education in the diversion of the senior high school entrance examination.
"Cancellation of general job diversion" has once become a hot education topic of concern from all walks of life after the "double reduction".
A number of interviewed experts pointed out that the cancellation of general job diversion and the extension of compulsory education only delay and lengthen anxiety.
The general job diversion focuses on diversion, not elimination. This is the increase of personal growth opportunities brought about by the multi-cultivation mechanism.
Promoting the high-quality and balanced development of compulsory education, running vocational education well, and improving the diversified talent training model are the fundamental ways to relieve anxiety.
Where does general job diversion anxiety come from?
2021 is the first year of the implementation of the "double reduction". Children will be relieved, but some parents have not been able to "relieve their worries".
General job placement based on test scores is the strongest catalyst for parental anxiety.
In the opinion of many parents, after the senior high school entrance examination, the ratio of 5:5 is divided into general vocational schools, which means that 50% of students can only enter secondary vocational schools.
"Half of the students can't go to regular high schools, let alone college entrance examinations. Now parents are more anxious about the general job diversion than they are about the college entrance examination," said one parent.
According to the national education statistics of the Ministry of Education, in 2021, a total of 10.0132 million undergraduates will be enrolled, while the number of applicants for the college entrance examination will be 10.78 million.
"College Entrance Exam Anxiety" was advanced to "High School Entrance Exam Anxiety", and parents' "preparation plan" had to be advanced.
"In the past, for the college entrance examination, we must hurry up with junior high school studies. Now, in order to prepare for the high school entrance examination, even the primary school has a sense of urgency and dare not relax at all." He Xinyuan, the parent of the primary school, said.
Some parents are even more worried: "Children who take the senior high school entrance examination are not yet mature enough to understand the importance of learning, let alone what it means to them if they fail to pass the senior high school entrance examination. Advocate the senior high school entrance examination system that divides the general occupations, and put them out of the college entrance examination in advance. Elimination on the path is tantamount to depriving them of the opportunity to grow and transform.”
As a result, some scholars have suggested that high school education should be included in compulsory education, or even abolish the high school entrance examination, so that students can sit on the "12-year consistent system through train" to reduce the anxiety of parents and students.
In the opinion of experts and scholars who have made similar calls, firstly, it is too early for young people to decide their own life path scientifically and objectively; The training model is decoupled from the times; in addition, some people believe that the best way to avoid education stratification is to cancel the senior high school entrance examination, which can also reduce the educational burden.
Why is the general job diversion system established?
Li Bin, a professor of sociology at Central South University, pointed out that the distribution of general occupations focuses on distribution, not elimination.
Before the general vocational diversion, all children ran for the "single-plank bridge" of the college entrance examination. The reform of the general vocational diversion is to add another path to the college entrance examination, so that those children who may not be good at learning written knowledge can learn as soon as possible. Skills and expertise, reflect their value on different tracks.
Some scholars have hypothesized that if the general job diversion is abolished, all junior high school students will flood into high schools, while the scale of undergraduate enrollment in higher education will not expand, and the students who enter undergraduate studies three years later will still be those students.
Abolishing the general job diversion is just moving the anxiety back by three years, and cannot solve the fundamental problem, and the huge time and energy cost involved are difficult to calculate.
Xiong Bingqi, director of the 21st Century Education Research Institute, said that from a global perspective, high school education in various countries has secondary vocational education, but the model is different.
High schools in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom are generally comprehensive high schools, which integrate ordinary high school courses and skill courses, and students choose general high academic courses or skill courses independently.
After graduating from high school, apply for comprehensive universities, community colleges, and vocational colleges with high school course grades and unified test scores.
Germany implements a diversion method. Senior high schools have academic high schools and vocational high schools. Because vocational education has the same status as general education, skilled talents are respected by the society. Students who choose vocational high schools exceed those who choose academic high schools.
In fact, secondary vocational education also has some irreplaceable advantages of ordinary high school education, and its attractiveness is gradually increasing.
Deng Yunfeng, secretary of the party group and director of the Shandong Provincial Department of Education, said that in 2021, 29,500 students in Shandong Province will reach the general high school entrance examination. They did not choose to go to ordinary high schools, but vocational schools. Then transferred to secondary vocational school to study.
This proves that as long as secondary vocational education continues to improve in terms of skill development and employment promotion, parents and children are willing to choose.
What is the solution to the anxiety of general job diversion?
Many experts believe that parents' anxiety about general vocational diversion actually reflects the problems existing in vocational education in my country at this stage - the talent training system for secondary vocational education still needs to be improved, and the employment gap between secondary vocational students and college students is large.
Doing a good job in vocational education and improving the training mode of diversified talents is the fundamental way to relieve anxiety.
In recent years, the state has gradually established the college entrance examination system for vocational education, developed vocational undergraduate education, and gave students and parents who receive vocational education a better expectation.
"The segregation of general jobs makes many people anxious because of being stereotyped. It is recommended to establish an education evaluation system with mutual recognition standards between the two education systems of general higher education and vocational higher education." Xu Jin, member of the 14th Central Committee of Jiu San Society It is believed that this will not only give children more choices in the important growth stage of life, but also avoid the formation of two dead ends between general higher education and vocational higher education.
Li Bin pointed out that nowadays some vocational colleges do not have enough market research, the professional setting and teaching adjustment are not timely, the talent training and market demand are misaligned, and the social attractiveness of vocational education is not high.
It is recommended to further promote the reform of education methods, school-running models, management systems, and security mechanisms, firmly grasp the direction of service development and employment promotion, optimize the school's professional layout, open more majors that are in short supply and meet market demand, and cultivate more The useful talents of industrial development and social development make vocational education "learning, promising, and promising".
Su Hua, vice chairman of the China Vocational Education Association, believes that the society's stereotype of vocational education should be changed as much as possible.
General job splitting should not become "general job stratification".
It is necessary to further deepen the reform and development of education, improve the gold content of vocational school graduates, increase the salary incentives for technical and technical talents, gradually improve the social status of technical and technical talents, and gradually change the society's concept of vocational education through the realization of high-quality employment.
Source: "Ban Yue Tan", Issue 6, 2022 Original title: "How to relieve anxiety about general job diversion?
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Banyuetan Reporter: Xie Ying (Participating in the writing: Li Ziyi)