Superimmune: this is the genetic and immune shield that protects those who have not been infected six waves later

• Direct Latest news about the coronavirus

Six waves, more than eleven million infected in Spain and more than 80,000 confirmed reinfected cases (in addition to another almost 60,000 possible) and there are many people who, despite having high exposure to the virus, have not contracted the infection.

Even in this

, and despite the presence of

-one of the viral variants considered more contagious than other highly transmissible pathogens, such as measles-, they have not been infected,

compared to other people who, Regardless of risk factors such as age or previous health status, they fell ill with covid-19, suffered from its

.

The

that the international scientific community is considering

and seem to involve individual immunity, but especially the

, whose peculiarities would act as a shield against SARS-CoV-2, giving the organism a higher status. of hyperimmunity.

The potential

in the development and severity of the covid-19 disease and its influence on immune responses has been in the spotlight since the

.

In a paper published in Nature Immunology, the French immunologist and pediatrician

, director of the Laboratory that is shared between the Rockefeller University in New York and the Necker Children's Hospital in Paris, pointed out that "the genetic panorama of an individual in particular and of a population in general seemed to play a

the dynamics of Covid-19.

It proposed "up to

potentially important genetic gateways for covid-19 infection and that could explain, at least in part, the discrepancies in its spread, severity and mortality", referring to genetic alterations that reduce a

involved in immunity and are associated with

.

Moreover , this renowned world expert told Diario Médico that

(MIS-C) that seriously affects some

also has a genetic explanation.

Although the data is expected to be published this year, "the answer is yes.

, MIS-C appears due to congenital errors," Casanova advanced.

These and other early investigations justified the

, in March 2020 and driven by geneticists and immunologists, of the COVIDHGE (COVID Human Genetic Effort) International Consortium,

, whose first project was to specify how

could help understand cases extremes of severity:

or, in the best of cases, required assistance in intensive care units (ICU) with the need for assisted mechanical ventilation.

The starting hypothesis, later confirmed in various investigations, is that up to

were due to

, according to a study in Science.

Another

with the presence of

, the line of defense knocked out or by genetic mutations or by blockages by the antibodies themselves, indicated data from another study also published in Science.

These enlightening results constitute a new starting point for the researchers that make up this international consortium.

"In reality, they are two sides of the same coin: applying genomic medicine to understand

,

, and

,

(sleep for a week with their partners who have tested positive, do not use the protection of the mask or any other preventive measure) and

.

Could the key be in their genes?

This is the answer that we are going to analyse", explains the geneticist

, professor Icrea, group leader at the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (Idibell), in Barcelona, ​​and

of the international COVIDHGE Consortium (COVID Human Genetic Effort ) for the

to covid-19.

This subproject is coordinated by

, a clinical microbiologist at the universities of Utrecht, in the Netherlands, and Rockefeller, in the United States, within the Casanova laboratory, and

.

In

, the development of the international clinical trial on hyperimmunity also includes the participation of

, from the Internal Medicine Service of the Infanta Leonor University Hospital, in Madrid, and

, of the Dr. Negrín University Hospital of Gran Canaria. , and

.

At this time, the members of the aforementioned consortium, which represent

, have recruited 1,000 volunteers -in Spain more than 100- and

;

men and women from the age of 18, in whom there is no trace of SARS-CoV-2 in their cells.

These are people who have had

for SARS-CoV2 in the home environment with regular cohabitants or in the professional setting -mostly healthcare-, but in whom

at any time during the pandemic.

In them, the existence of covid-19 has been ruled out with a

: negative IgM and IgG serological test.

An important aspect of this clinical trial, whose first conclusions could be obtained

, is that data are collected from

that "may be genetically dependent on one pathway or another and thus offer clarifying data", considers Pujol, not only about the

-resistant to this coronavirus but, and more importantly, about the

in this phenomenon.

could also be found

, which influence but do not determine, similar to those detected in severe cases.

genetic lottery

According to Jesús Troya, an expert who

in patients with severe covid-19 pneumonia in a study carried out at his hospital and published in the Clinical Journal of Immunology, as occurs with all pathogens, a certain percentage of the population is

.

"Usually, the phenomenon is conditioned by

that express genes of various kinds."

In

, they would be cell receptors that could be related to

, as hypothesized in a study published in Nature.

In the specific case of those

, and in that of other infections, "what, initially, genetics has generated as an abnormal transformation in a person,

. In genetics of the general population can be considered as something abnormal. But, in individual cases it can become or suppose an

", explains Troya, who gives another clear example: "If the pandemic had been

, it would have decimated the world population, but

.

It's what we call a genetic lottery for a certain type of infection or other disease."

key and lock

To try to explain why some people are resistant to the development of the infection, Pujol and Troya use the

;

you want to open your neighbor's door lock with your door key.

Logically, it does not open.

.

According to Pujol, who is also an expert in Neurology, Rare Diseases and the Nervous System, in side B of this international trial, the one

, the interferon pathway, key in patients who seriously ill, but due to contrary factors: here, instead of not having a defense, what could be happening is that

.

"The virus, when it tries to join the cells to invade, has to enter through a door and it turns out that, in the case of the resistant ones,

. The key that the virus uses to penetrate the vast majority of people have broken locks on the resisters".

The international scientific community has already identified some of the entry receptors for the virus, such as the

, which, however, does not seem to work alone since other proteins could be involved.

This is, therefore, the first hypothesis of the work: the locks of the entrance door are altered,

.

"Understanding how this lock works is essential because, based on this understanding,

that prevents the virus from penetrating cells," considers Pujol, who does not hesitate to stress that

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