Women are still paid on average 22.3% less than men, partly because they work more part-time or stop working to take care of children, but also because they have "less frequent access in the best paid positions”, according to an INSEE study published on Thursday.
For a quarter of a century (between 1995 and 2019, precisely), the gender pay gap has narrowed by only 5.1 points.
And only a third of this persistent difference of 22.3% can be explained by a “difference in volume of work”, points out the institute for statistical studies in this vast panorama entitled “Women and men, equality in question », the last edition of which dated back five years.
Women and men, equality in question – 2022 edition: This book takes stock of equality between women…https://t.co/X64Cto5Si2
— Insee (@InseeFr) March 3, 2022
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The impact of motherhood
On the labor market, "the family situation continues to make the difference" between men and women: when children arrive in the couple, fathers "always change their activity behavior very little", while for mothers " having children remains a determining factor of participation or not in the labor market”.
So much so that 27% of working women are part-time, compared to only 8% of men.
However, these differences only explain less than a third of the wage gap: even when comparing “full-time equivalent” wages, the gap (in 2019) is still 16.1% in favor of men.
This stems from differences in diplomas, experience or socio-professional category, and from the fact that women and men “do not work in the same sectors of activity or the same jobs”.
5.3% difference for the same work
In addition, although more women now hold positions of responsibility – they represent 43% of executives in 2020, compared to 21% in 1982 – their role as mothers still has a negative impact on their remuneration, even when they work full time.
The hourly wage of mothers drops following a birth, and "this wage disadvantage linked to maternity increases" over the years, because they "work more often in less remunerative companies, close to their home , and change employers less often”.
Nevertheless, even "once these differences in characteristics are taken into account, there remains an unexplained part of the gap": in the private sector, for the same job within the same company, in full-time equivalent, women are paid on average 5.3% less than men, according to data from 2017. 'Insee.
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Remuneration
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