At this time, Huang Yuanfei, who has graduated from vocational colleges for more than half a year, is still looking for a suitable job.

During her job search, she deeply felt the "identity gap" between herself and ordinary college graduates.

"The gap is all-encompassing, and it always feels inferior," she said.

  This statement is true.

Degree has always been one of the key pain points hindering the development of vocational education.

Thankfully, however, this issue has finally come to an end.

The Office of the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council recently issued the "Opinions on Doing a Good Job in the Authorization and Granting of Bachelor Degrees in Undergraduate Vocational Schools" (hereinafter referred to as "Opinions").

The "Opinions" incorporates vocational undergraduate degrees into the existing bachelor's degree work system, grants bachelor's degrees according to disciplines, and the format of bachelor's degree certificates is consistent. , to improve the quality assurance system for conferring bachelor's degrees in vocational undergraduates, and promote the high-quality development of vocational undergraduates.

  It is worth noting that the "Opinions" make it clear that both general undergraduate and vocational undergraduates are authorized, awarded, awarded and awarded bachelor's degrees in accordance with the "Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Degrees", "Interim Measures for the Implementation of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Academic Degrees", and "Administrative Measures for the Authorization and Granting of Bachelor's Degrees". Management and quality supervision; in terms of certificate utility, the two are of equal value, and have the same effect in employment, postgraduate entrance examinations, and public examinations.

  After being incorporated into the bachelor's degree system, what changes will take place in the admissions, evaluation, and talent training methods of vocational schools at the undergraduate level?

What problems and challenges should we pay attention to?

  Vocational education is no longer "decapitation education"

  "With the continuous deepening of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, my country's technical skills level and comprehensive quality requirements for high-end application-oriented talents have been continuously improved. Under this background, my country is gradually building and adapting to the needs of emerging industries' skill endowments. In the view of Xue Xinlong, an assistant researcher of the National Institute of Openness and Opening-up at the University of International Business and Economics, the incorporation of vocational undergraduates into the existing bachelor's degree work system means that the country will have a higher The standardized talent training requirements and quality control procedures ensure the implementation of the vocational education talent training goals at the undergraduate level; at the same time, it is also an important part of vocational education, as a type of education closely related to regional economic development, to improve its own management system and achieve high-quality development. link.

  Pan Haisheng, deputy dean of the School of Education of Tianjin University, believes that this is an inevitable choice for my country's high-quality development for technical and skilled talents.

"From an institutional point of view, the inclusion of vocational undergraduates into the degree system has opened up the final obstacle to the vertical and horizontal integration of the modern vocational education system. From then on, vocational education is no longer 'decapitation education', and secondary vocational students and vocational college students have obtained a fair right to further education. , obtained more opportunities for personal development other than direct employment, and vocational education has broad prospects. In terms of positioning, vocational undergraduates highlight the characteristics of vocational education in terms of bachelor's degree authorization and degree-granting standards, and highlight vocational ability and quality. Vocational undergraduate education is a different type of education from ordinary undergraduate education, which helps to further strengthen the type orientation of vocational education and continuously improve the adaptability of vocational education, and vocational education has great potential.”

  The great increase in the gold content is the most important point of Zhu Wenhui, an associate professor of the Department of Education of Northeast Normal University.

"Low popularity and narrow upward promotion channels for graduates are long-standing problems in vocational education. Incorporating vocational education undergraduates into the degree system can break the inherent prejudice against vocational education and help prevent graduates from vocational undergraduate colleges from finding employment, Being discriminated against in the process of entering a higher education, help vocational undergraduates to develop characteristics and high quality, reverse the society's view of vocational education as inferior to others, and greatly improve the gold content of vocational education."

  Carry out high-level, high-starting, high-standard overall planning

  However, it should be noted that for vocational education undergraduates, the inclusion of the bachelor's degree system is only the beginning.

Pan Haisheng emphasized that in order to adapt to the new system, vocational education undergraduates need to carry out high-standard overall planning in terms of enrollment, training and evaluation.

  "In terms of the admissions system, it is necessary to speed up the establishment of a 'vocational education college entrance examination' system that conforms to the rules of vocational education undergraduate education and is mutually recognized as equivalent to the general college entrance examination, improves the 'cultural quality + vocational skills' examination admissions method, explores classified examinations, comprehensive evaluation, The multi-admission examination and enrollment model has established an open vocational education college entrance examination enrollment model that focuses on secondary vocational students and absorbs general education students and social personnel." Pan Haisheng said.

  Zhu Wenhui said that compared with vocational education at the specialist level, undergraduate vocational education has more theoretical and innovative requirements.

Compared with ordinary undergraduates, vocational education after being incorporated into the degree system has more practical and technical requirements.

"This means that we should not only train students to master a more extensive knowledge system, and be able to give detailed explanations and elaborations to some technical problems, but also emphasize that students have solid operational skills and solve some technical problems. plan."

  Pan Haisheng added that for the high-end and high-end industries, we should focus on the cultivation of compound and innovative capabilities, improve public basic courses and professional basic courses, strengthen the modular construction of professional core courses, strengthen technology application and technological innovation, strengthen practical teaching management, and cultivate students with reviewing skills. Developmental, compound, and innovative high-level technical skilled talents with critical thinking ability, complex problem-solving ability and innovation ability.

  "The evaluation mechanism is also very important." Zhu Wenhui pointed out that vocational education undergraduates cannot follow the evaluation standards of vocational education at the specialist level, nor can they follow the evaluation standards of ordinary undergraduates. A new evaluation standard for teaching undergraduate law.

The evaluation criteria should be able to reflect the requirements for students' ability to use knowledge to solve specific technical problems.

  In this regard, Pan Haisheng suggested that we should adhere to the student-centered approach, build an external evaluation system for the quality of vocational undergraduate education with the participation of multiple subjects, actively explore the vocational education undergraduate professional certification model, give full play to the enthusiasm of the institutions themselves, explore the establishment of a vocational undergraduate teaching diagnosis system, and gradually establish a vocational undergraduate education diagnosis system. A quality evaluation system in which self-supervision evaluation and external evaluation complement and support each other.

  Avoid problems such as the disconnect between theoretical learning and practical application

  After vocational undergraduates are included in the degree system, what problems and challenges should we pay attention to?

How to deal with it?

  Pay attention to avoid the convergence of vocational education undergraduate talent training standards and models with ordinary undergraduates, and vocational education will lose its own school-running positioning characteristics.

Xue Xinlong reminded, "This requires that undergraduate-level vocational education bachelor's degree-granting units should highlight the training rules of vocational skilled talents when formulating their own degree-granting procedures and awarding standards, pay attention to improving the application skills literacy assessment conditions and curriculum system, and establish a vocational education bachelor's degree. The rules and regulations related to management and quality assurance should be avoided, and the standards for conferring bachelor’s degrees in ordinary undergraduate schools should be avoided.”

  "The requirements for the ability level of students to be cultivated by vocational education undergraduates have been raised, and the complexity and integration of the fields involved have been greatly improved. The corresponding textbook compilation, curriculum setting, teaching methods, and student development must also change." Zhu Wen Hui said: "In general, it is necessary to avoid the problem of disconnection between theoretical learning and practical application, and to avoid the problem of diminishing professionalism and craftsmanship. Only by closely linking theoretical learning and practical application, and integrating professionalism and craftsmanship with science and technology. Only by truly integrating can we cultivate high-quality technical and skilled talents.”

  "Undergraduate vocational education, the key is to obtain social recognition, and the fundamental lies in the quality of running schools, which depends on the establishment of the standard system, the improvement of the connotation and the improvement of the guarantee system." Pan Haisheng pointed out that a standard system for vocational education undergraduates should be established, and follow the type of vocational education. The growth law of technical and skilled talents, we should promptly formulate various standards such as practice and training standards for vocational undergraduate education, talent training quality standards, and professional equipment and equipment specifications, and build a vocational undergraduate education standard system that is suitable for national conditions and has a reasonable structure.

  It is also imperative to strengthen the connotation construction of vocational education undergraduates.

Pan Haisheng suggested that, on the one hand, professional construction should not only reflect "professional" but also "high"; Specialist education should be organically connected and integrated; it should focus on key areas of national and regional economic, social and industrial development, serve new formats and new models of the industry, connect with new occupations, and be in line with the school’s school-running characteristics.

On the other hand, it is necessary to actively practice the new form of school-enterprise cooperation that integrates scientific research and education, actively promote new forms of school-enterprise cooperation such as industrial colleges and corporate universities, and constantly innovate the ways and methods of school-enterprise cooperation to educate people.

  Pan Haisheng also suggested that the vocational education security system should be further improved.

"On the one hand, we will continue to increase investment in school building construction and facilities and equipment, strengthen the construction of professional and substantive practice and training bases, and attract enterprises to jointly build industrial colleges and collaborative innovation centers, corporate studios, laboratories, innovation and entrepreneurship bases, and practice bases. , off-campus practice bases, etc., to improve the hardware conditions for running a vocational education undergraduate school. On the other hand, strengthen the construction of teachers, strengthen the training of teachers' scientific research and innovation capabilities, guide teachers to take the initiative to undertake 'on-site' research and development tasks, and focus on solving the technical problems in enterprise production, Transform new production cases, new technology solutions, and new research and development results into teaching projects, feed back teaching with scientific research, and improve the quality of vocational education undergraduate talent training."

  (Jin Haotian, our reporter)