There are 30 million employees, and about 90% of them are from rural household economics.
Our reporter Li Xinping, Lu Yanan, Wang Ke
From Datong, Shanxi, a group of "Tianzhen nannies" came out. They put down their farm tools and traveled south and north with their expertise in housekeeping, supporting their families.
In Dingzhou, Hebei, there is a group of experts in housekeeping. They go to training classes and learn skills. They go to Beijing to manage the housework, take care of the old and young, and work hard to get rich.
Maternal and child care, elderly care, storage, cleaning... In recent years, my country's domestic service industry has developed vigorously, providing new opportunities for workers, especially rural workers.
Housekeeping is a sunrise industry, which not only meets the employment needs of rural migrant workers, but also meets the actual needs of urban families for childcare and elderly care.
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that we must do a good job in this mutually beneficial and win-win work, and make it a love project.
A few days ago, 14 departments including the Ministry of Commerce, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security jointly issued the Action Plan for Home Economics and Agriculture (2021-2025) (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan").
How to better combine housekeeping and "prospering agriculture"?
The reporter conducted an interview.
Low threshold and wide space
Housekeeping is a good place for employment and a good helper to get rich
When the reporter interviewed Cheng Meihua, she heard her voice without seeing her, and her hearty laughter was her most distinctive sign.
"The job is stable, the life is comfortable, and I love to laugh." Cheng Meihua said that she does housework by herself and earns 6,000 yuan a month. "I have worked in Beijing and Shanghai, and I have also received an invitation to work in Singapore in the past."
However, Cheng Meihua was not so cheerful when she was young. Her hometown is Tianzhen County, Datong. She used to stay out of the door.
"In the past, the whole family of 6 people only had 5 mu of land, and there was no income all year round."
What changed Cheng Meihua was the local nanny training.
Not only can you study for free, but you can also introduce jobs.
Walking into Tianzhen County Sunshine Vocational Training School, the huge classrooms are like open hands-on laboratories, filled with all kinds of tableware, electrical appliances, teaching aids, from nurses, elderly care to pediatric massage, baby care, here can be learn.
"The most important thing is that housekeeping is easy to get started with, we can learn it as soon as we learn it!" Cheng Meihua said.
Benefiting from the development of the housekeeping industry, a large number of rural laborers have embarked on the road to prosperity.
According to data from the Ministry of Commerce, there are 30 million domestic service practitioners in my country, about 90% of whom come from rural areas.
Since September 2017, the Ministry of Commerce, together with relevant departments, has actively promoted the poverty alleviation work with domestic help, and by the end of 2020, a total of 850,000 laborers in poverty-stricken areas have been driven to engage in domestic service.
Looking to the future, the development space of housekeeping is still broad.
Data from the National Development and Reform Commission shows that in recent years, the demand for housekeeping services has continued to grow, and the average annual growth rate of industry revenue has remained at around 20%.
In 2019, the operating income of the national domestic service industry reached 690 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 19.7%.
"With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the deepening of aging, the implementation of the three-child birth policy, etc., the scale of the housekeeping market will continue to expand." Xing Wei, director of the Social Affairs Office of the Institute of Social Affairs of the China Academy of Macroeconomics, predicts that the housekeeping service industry is expected to become a trillion-level industry.
Data from the Ministry of Commerce shows that the employment gap in China's domestic service industry is about 20 million, which means that tens of millions of rural laborers will have the opportunity to go out of the villages and enter the cities with the help of domestic services to increase their income.
The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security said that after receiving domestic service training and having a skill, rural laborers will have relatively stable jobs and incomes. They can also expand more employment opportunities through retraining, effectively consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation and helping rural revitalization.
Improve skills and strengthen security
Let the rural labor force come out, stay there and do well
A small housekeeping business is like a bridge, connecting families at one end and employment at the other.
In order to make household economics better for agriculture, we must first solve the problem that the rural labor force "cannot come out".
"It's not easy to take the first step in our line of work." Cheng Meihua said that in their village, it was embarrassing to be a nanny.
Looking back at the beginning, I went to a training class to learn skills without spending a penny, but no one was willing to come.
"Every time we train a nanny, we have to pass several levels, change the students' own ideas, and change the ideas of those around them." Li Chun, the principal of Tianzhen County Sunshine Vocational Training School, said.
Now the concept has changed, and we have to do a good job of docking.
The "Plan" proposes to strengthen the connection between supply and demand.
By improving the working mechanism of docking and assistance, innovating the way of docking supply and demand, and building a domestic labor export base, we will build a "rainbow bridge" for laborers to find employment.
"Cultivating a labor service brand plays a significant role." The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security said that building a labor service brand will help improve the organization of labor output, and employees will have more stable employment, higher income, and more secure rights and interests. "We must strive to create high-quality services. A service-oriented labor service brand, allowing laborers who are willing to engage in domestic service to go out for employment smoothly.”
To solve the problem of "can't come out", the rural labor force must be "retained" and "done well".
"To work in the city, you must first be able to communicate." "Housekeeping is more than just physical work"... To do well, induction training and on-the-job training are indispensable.
In this regard, the "Plan" proposes to increase the intensity of housekeeping training for the poverty-stricken population and the rural low-income population, provide living allowances to those who meet the requirements, and support the construction of various training bases.
The first National Rural Revitalization Vocational Skills Competition specially set up competitions for elderly care workers and baby care workers.
"The babysitter project is one of the key trainings carried out in the province. Through the competition, we have learned advanced training concepts, which is conducive to improving the level of skill training." said Ma Fuhai, assistant to the team leader of the Qinghai delegation.
Many training institutions and employers have reported that villagers are “fearful” of going out to work: they are afraid that their wages will not be guaranteed, they are afraid of encountering danger, and they are afraid that their families will not be cared for. The platform in the field of housekeeping provides protection for occupational injury rights and interests of employees who are flexibly employed; it provides services such as emotional escort and humanistic care for the children of migrant workers, making the work of housekeepers more secure and secure.
The relevant person in charge of the National Development and Reform Commission said that from 2021 to 2023, the "leader" action to improve the quality and expansion of the domestic service industry will be further deepened.
Through the implementation of skill level identification and improvement of the salary distribution system, the security level of employees has been improved.
Improve standards and improve quality
Focus on solving the industry's pain points and expand the development space for workers
"It's so hard to find the right aunt!" "Bao Ma" Tang Jinhua changed 4 aunts before and after, and was not satisfied until the fifth one.
Talking about the domestic service industry, consumers are also a lot of distress: strong demand, shortage of supply, "can't find, can't afford to hire, and can't use it well".
To better achieve the goal of "prospering agriculture" and achieve the healthy development of the industry, meeting consumer demand is the key.
Xing Wei analyzed that consumers' distress mainly stems from the mismatch between demand and supply.
With the development of economy and society, consumers' demand for domestic service industry is more refined and professional level is higher.
For example, cleaning requires partitioned cleaning, as well as special home appliance cleaning, sorting and storage needs; childcare is no longer simple life care, but also needs to protect the mental health and intellectual development of infants and young children.
It is very important to improve the standard system of the domestic service industry and strengthen the standard certification.
The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Commerce said that in recent years, the Ministry of Commerce has formulated more than 10 industry standards in the field of housekeeping services. Standardized international exchanges and cooperation in the field of domestic economics.
Experts said that improving the standard system of the domestic service industry will help guide the industry to improve service quality and form a virtuous circle of high quality, high price, and survival of the fittest.
At present, my country has made positive progress in the standardization of domestic service industry and the construction of credit system.
During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, more than 160 local standards and norms were formulated in various regions.
The housekeeping service credit system has been initially established, and the housekeeping credit information platform has accumulated a total of 16,000 housekeeping enterprises and 12 million pieces of information on housekeepers.
According to reports, the National Development and Reform Commission will scientifically plan for industrial agglomeration, build a housekeeping industrial park, build an inter-regional supply and demand coordination mechanism, and lead the agglomeration development of the housekeeping industry.
At the same time, build a housekeeping credit service platform, improve the housekeeping information entry mechanism, carry out a special action for the credit construction of housekeeping enterprises, and promote the branded and standardized development of the housekeeping service industry.
"The healthy development of the industry will provide practitioners with a broader space for development." Xing Wei said.
Li Yuguang, a domestic helper, has a deep understanding of this point.
After removing the casing, taking out the filter, and flushing the body with a high-pressure water gun, Li Yuguang quickly cleaned an air conditioner in less than half an hour.
In the summer of 2021, Li Yuguang received more than 100 orders for cleaning air conditioners, and his income more than doubled than before.
In recent years, many domestic service companies have been actively developing new projects, which not only improve the quality of services, but also provide new employment opportunities for young people.
"In the past two years, the company's home appliance engineering department has recruited 30 new colleagues, all of whom are born in the 1990s." Li Yuguang said.