China News Service, Tangshan, December 19

　　China News Agency reporter Bai Yunshui

　　In winter, although the cold wind is blowing on the southern foot of Yanshan Mountain in the east of Jidong, the sun is bright and soft. Over the red walls and yellow glazed tiles, between light and dark, let the Qingdong Tomb in Zunhua City, Hebei Province, which is located in the "First City of Guidong", More solemn.

　　The Qing Dong Tomb was built in 1661 (the eighteenth year of Shunzhi). It took 247 years and has 662 single ancient buildings within an area of ​​80 square kilometers. It is the largest and most complete emperor's tomb complex in existence in China.

There are 5 imperial mausoleums including the Xiaoling Mausoleum of Shunzhi Emperor, Jingling Mausoleum of Emperor Kangxi, Yuling Mausoleum of Emperor Qianlong, Dingling Mausoleum of Emperor Xianfeng, Huiling Mausoleum of Emperor Tongzhi, and 4 Hou Mausoleums including Empress Dowager Cixi’s mausoleum. tomb.

In 1961, the Eastern Tombs of the Qing Dynasty was included in the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units, and in 2000 it was included in the World Cultural Heritage List.

　　On the same day, the "Manchu Customs and Culture Exhibition of People Guarding the Mausoleum" was on display in the Eastern Tombs of the Qing Dynasty.

The exhibition is divided into five parts: clothing, food, housing, transportation, and calligraphy. More than 1,000 items and cultural relics of the mausoleum guards show visitors the past and present of the mausoleum guards of the past generations.

　　According to the records of "Changrui Mountain Wannian Tongzhi", there was a complete system for guarding the mausoleum in the Qing Dynasty. Every time a mausoleum was built, there would be a special team to protect, serve and worship it.

In the old days, the guardians of the tombs also had a special political identity and status. They had special treatments for the royal family and the Baqizi brothers, so the Tanglin area was very prosperous at that time.

　　The guardians of the mausoleum are commonly known as "iron crops". In addition to guarding the mausoleum, they must also prepare sacrifices and rituals.

Whenever there are festivals, customs celebrations of all sizes will be unfolded.

They have a clear division of labor and do one thing for a lifetime.

Later, with the change of dynasties, the guardians of the tomb gradually changed their identities. Without the "emperor's grain" for support, they were self-reliant, but still guarded the tomb.

　　Li Zhijun, 58, is a native of Yuda Village, Dongling Manchu Township, Zunhua City. He is engaged in paint work in the ancient construction team of the Dongling Cultural Relics Management Office of the Qing Dynasty. He is also the 13th generation of Yuling (Qianlong Tomb) guardian.

　　"Now there are nearly 20,000 descendants of the tombs in Dongling Manchu Township, engaged in different industries." Li Zhijun said that the family attaches great importance to the tradition of offering sacrifices to ancestors, and the awareness of protecting the tombs is also carved into the bones.

　　The tombs of the Eastern Tombs of the Qing Dynasty, including individual buildings, were all repaired using traditional craftsmanship.

From the age of 16, Li Zhijun followed his uncle to learn ancient architectural painting restoration techniques, such as Jinlong Hexi, Qing-style Xuanzi, Yawu Mo... the color paintings of cultural relics restored by Li Zhijun are clear and vigorous, simple and elegant.

　　Li Zhijun said that the ancient building color painting restoration process includes "one hemp and five ash", oil decoration and color painting, and each process must be carried out in strict accordance with traditional craftsmanship.

"We have done color painting for a lifetime and guarded the Qing Dongling for a lifetime. We have to be responsible to our children and grandchildren. We protect the history and culture of the Chinese nation."

　　According to Li Yin, a well-known expert in Qing history and director of the Qing Dynasty Tomb Museum, in the Qing Dynasty, the craftsmanship of paint was widely used, reaching the highest level in history.

For hundreds of years, there have been a group of old craftsmen around the Eastern Tombs of the Qing Dynasty who have passed down these traditional craftsmanship.

The Eastern Tombs of the Qing Dynasty can be preserved to the present level, and the restoration of colored paintings has played a role.

　　37-year-old Xie Jing has lived with her family in the Yuling (Qianlongling) East Class Room since she was a child. There was a duty room where the Eight Banners officers and soldiers guarded the mausoleum.

Her mother's ancestors belonged to Lanqi, and her relatives also came from Manchu ancestors, who belonged to Huangqi. In the Qing Dynasty, they all served in the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

　　"Since I was a child, I have felt that the Qing Dong Tomb is magnificent and magnificent. Most of my family members now work in the Qing Dong Tomb. Some are tour guides, some are ticket inspectors, and some do cleaning." In Xie Jing's heart, she never thought of leaving here. .

　　In 2009, Xie Jing, who graduated with an English major, came to the Qingdong Tomb Scenic Area as a tour guide as she wished.

She said, "Qing Dongling has nurtured me and given me a platform for growth. I also want to contribute everything I have learned to it. I want to tell more people about the history and culture of the Chinese nation by telling the story of the Qing Dongling. "

　　Near noon, the people who guarded the tomb were cooking smoke, and the ancient Qing Dong Tomb was still peaceful and safe with the company of Li Zhijun, Xie Jing and many other guardians.

(Finish)