Surging news reporter Chen Yuanyuan, intern Shu Yuyan and Liu Geng

  Yang Guangyu, a 15-year-old girl, often thinks of her "kindergarten".

  There, the parents of classmates are principals, teachers, accountants and security guards; her mother Ding Fengyun is a teacher, and her teaching plan is written until midnight.

The principal is also a vendor selling spices or toys in the market; the school song is written by Dad Xiaoyu, the owner of the bun shop.

In the years following her parents drifting north, almost all of her friends were here. This is her second home.

  Later in elementary school, Yang Guangyu would come back with a big schoolbag when he encountered troubles.

She was the first child who was allowed to enter this kindergarten with an exception that year. In the past, only children of market vendors were admitted here, and her family lived outside the market. Her father was an elevator maintenance worker.

  The "kindergarten" missed by Yang Guangyu is called the Sihuan Game Group (hereinafter referred to as the "Game Group"), which is an informal preschool education organization with the parents and children of market vendors as the main body.

In the spring of 2004, a group of teachers and students from Beijing Normal University surveyed the Beijing Fourth Ring Farmer's Market and found that the children of vendors generally faced "difficulties in entering the kindergarten."

They wanted to provide care and a social environment for their children through mutual assistance and parenting, so play groups were created, and the education of migrant children has thus increased a possibility.

  So far, the game team has gone through 17 years, but it has not been able to avoid the identity crisis dormant in it.

Learn Little Cat "Play Quietly"

  In 17 years, there have been countless times that in order to gather together for class, children in the game group, volunteer teachers, and parents needed to hide away to find a place.

  Initially, the Sihuan Farmer’s Market provided the game team with an abandoned warehouse and a large courtyard for children’s activities for free.

But once a major public health or safety incident occurs in Beijing, the game team will face closure.

  Volunteer guides said that they were worried that if the activities were stopped, it would be more dangerous for children to return to the market environment, and it would be difficult to get together again after stopping.

Therefore, they fought guerrilla warfare, went to the abandoned fitness equipment room, the open space in front of the booth, the passage at the entrance of the alley, and Houhai Park. When they arrived, they spread the newspaper on the ground. A group of people sat together, telling stories to the children and teaching origami. Or do exercises.

Volunteers take their children to do activities in the open space of the market.

The pictures in this article are provided by the interviewees

  A group of children staying together will inevitably be noisy, and the residents passing by saw it, and they spoke a lot of cold-eyed, "swearing", they could only change the place.

"If you have free space here, you can take it over there when you have time." At that time, Xiao Jinsheng, the parent of the game team, remembered that when they saw the city management, they were also scared.

Sometimes with twenty or so children walking on the road, they are afraid of the car and the child is lost.

  In May 2010, the game team encountered the most serious shutdown crisis. The cause was that a child in the market was bitten in the face by the dog of the director of the management office. This incident allowed market managers to see the risks of the game team. They directly The venue was recovered.

Since then, the game team fought a three-month guerrilla warfare, which was the longest.

  Later, they finally rented a private house.

"Single-door courtyard, the door is very safe when the door is closed," Xiao Jinsheng was quite content. "At the very least, the child has a place to stay. Don't fight guerrillas anymore."

  However, problems were encountered on the first day of the park.

Volunteer Yang Jianyu recalled that the uncle next door was standing on the roof and yelling, "Is it so noisy, why don't you let it pass?" After that, the other party called the police every day and said "disturbing the people".

For nearly a month, Yang Jianyu counted the time every day, it was almost time, stood outside the door waiting for the police to come over, and then apologized.

  A month later, the problem encountered by the game team was reported by a local TV station. A caring person anonymously donated 10,000 yuan and installed sound-proof glass for all four neighbors before they were in peace.

Over the years, they still give gifts to their neighbors during New Years and festivals, and carefully maintain the relationship between the neighbors.

  Usually, when doing activities in the yard, volunteers teach children to learn how to learn little cats. Quietly, don't make any noise, "If you don't keep your voice down, we might not be able to play here."

  The game group is a community service center registered with the civil affairs department, and uses the form of community family participation to carry out mutual parenting.

"But in the crevice between the civil affairs and education authorities, it is easy to want to manage both sides, and no one knows how to manage." Li Yuanxiang said.

  This is a "kindergarten" that survives in the cracks.

Li Yuanxiang said with emotion, "We feel so lucky after we finish each year. We have gone through another year."

Hematopoiesis, not blood transfusion

  In Beijing's second ring road, there is a hutong called "Dabanjie".

On the morning of the autumnal equinox, the sky is still a bit hot, the sun is shining brightly, but there is a bit of coolness in the alley.

Walking towards the depths of the hutong, by chance, you might be able to see an adult send the child into a courtyard of 100 square meters-the door is inconspicuous, except for the house number, there is no word on the door, and the four rings are hidden by the locust tree. Game team.

  The door of the game group is never closed, and parents can enter and exit at any time.

In the classroom, there are parents on duty every day, and the game team hopes that parents will participate in the classroom.

More precisely, it is participation in education.

  But 17 years ago, this was not the case.

  At that time, Zhang Yan, a professor of preschool education at Beijing Normal University, was paying attention to community education. The meaning was to let parents help each other in raising children, "own your own children, do your own education."

It happened that a student said that there are many children at the Fourth Ring Farmers Market in Beijing's Second Ring Road.

  Soon, Zhang Yan and her graduate students came to Sihuan for market research.

At that time, Cheng Min, who was a graduate student, was among them. She saw children running around in the market. One child fell asleep on the vegetable stall.

It was still cold in Beijing in March. She asked the parents, how does the child sleep here?

The other party replied that he had a fever and was left unattended at home, so he brought it to the booth.

  The parent, Xiao Jinsheng, sells spices in the market. He described the children in the market walking around like monkeys on a horse all day long, "It's everywhere, dirty."

  The survey of this group of teachers and students found that there are more than 700 migrant workers in the market, and there are more than 80 pre-school children with the vendors. Except for a few who go to kindergartens, most of them are in a stocking state.

The vendor spends 14 hours at the booth a day

  These vendors have few choices for their children. Public gardens have household registration restrictions, while private gardens have high tuition fees.

If the vendor’s parents send their children to a private garden, they will not save much money from working for a year.

  At this time, the concept of "game team" leapt into Zhang Yan's mind.

It was originally mentioned in the United Kingdom in the 1960s. The main theme is "community family self-help parenting". It is organized by middle-class parents and takes the form of mutual assistance to care for and educate children. It appears to satisfy the inability to receive pre-school education in time. Family needs.

Zhang Yan envisions that, in the place of residence of the migrants, can parents help each other to provide these children with certain pre-school education?

  At first, the teachers and students had a very simple idea. The vendors were often fellow villagers and brought them to the Sihuan Market. They were close relatives, and their residences and booths were close to each other, so it was perfectly possible to form a game group.

As long as they take the lead in organizing some activities, it takes almost a week to mobilize parents to form a mutual child-rearing organization spontaneously. For example, the husband and wife will sell goods alone and the play team will take care of the children.

  Without hesitation, the parenting support campaign initiated by a group of teachers and students began quietly.

  On April 7, 2004, the first activity organized by the game group, no children and parents came.

Cheng Min said that the parents did not understand what the volunteers were doing at the time, but after the parenting activities of the game group persisted for a week, both the parents and the children liked it very much.

No need to call every day, children and parents will come automatically.

  The most central problem appeared along with it.

Although the parents sent their children here, they are greedy and busy with business.

They (parents) come to Beijing to make money. If someone takes their children to play, then have fun.

They think that children can grow up if no one looks at them.

Children in the Sihuan Market are playing on a tricycle

  However, the original intention of the Sihuan Game Group was not to help parents of migrant families bring their children.

Zhang Yan also anticipated that graduate students who were volunteers would graduate sooner or later, and in the end they would have to rely on their children's parents.

  Since the parents don't have time to come to the game group, the volunteers go to the parents. They go to each parent's booth to do work every day. This behavior is called "dropping the booth".

In order to communicate more effectively, the volunteers designed and produced "publicity pages" every day-the size of A5 paper, with short stories about 10 minutes before going to bed, puzzles, mini games, and some stories about children in the game group.

  When leaving the booth, the volunteers sent out leaflets to the parents to talk to them about their children’s performance in the play group, understand how they get along with the children, and also care about their business and the situation in their hometown.

In the words of the volunteers, people's hearts are exchanged for people's hearts.

  At the same time, volunteers began to arrange classes for parents so that they could spend half a day on duty a week as much as possible. At the same time, they set up parent-teacher conferences, reading clubs, and large-scale activities, such as spring outings and autumn outings, parent-child sports games, parent-child story contests, and so on.

Teachers and students think of all kinds of tricks to let parents integrate into the game group.

  In order for parents to go to meetings, volunteers even help sell vegetables and buns.

At first, it was good for parents to be present, but some parents would still avoid it.

After the volunteers communicated with them, they found that some parents were unwilling to participate in the class, they always said "I can't", they were very shy and even had a low self-esteem.

  Cheng Min remembers that they deliberately learn about the specialties of their parents. For example, they know more about bookmakers and animals, and local nursery rhymes or handicrafts in the countryside. In ordinary activities, they ask these parents to show them and let them increase in the activities. Self-confidence, a deeper understanding of one’s potential educational abilities, and a better understanding of how high academic qualifications are needed to be children’s teachers, parents themselves are the children’s first teachers.

"Our parents are so capable"

  Six months after its establishment, the parents of the vendor really entered the game group for the first time and participated in parenting activities.

In the classroom every Thursday, the children are in class during the day, and the parents sit here in the evening to study with the group of teachers and students to discuss what problems the children have and how to teach them.

  At a parent meeting one day, He Xiang, the father of the child, talked about how he used the parenting experience he learned in the reading meeting to communicate with his child——

  "Today I finished my work and went to the stall. I saw a bag of peanuts scattered on the ground by my daughter. I was very angry and almost yelled. But I thought that the beating and scolding would not help, and I controlled myself. These days, I just watched. A book called "How to Criticize a Child Is Right", thinking that this is just an opportunity to educate the child, deliberately asked the child, "Why did you fall on the ground?" The child was also nervous and explained that he was hide-and-seek in the booth, accidentally Got down.

  I didn't say anything, I went to my own business, and let my daughter clean up.

When I came back, my daughter finished packing, and I asked her,'Is it hard to clean up?

'The daughter said,'difficult.

'I asked again,'Can I hide in the booth afterwards?

'The daughter replied,'No.

'Then I comforted her,'In the future, we should go outside to play. In the stall, if we don't pay attention, things on the shelf will fall off and hit the head, which will make Dad very worried.

'"

  Recalling this incident, He Xiang said that the game team let him know how to communicate with children on an equal footing.

He Xiang

  There is a mother who does not usually attend parent meetings. He Xiang understands that this mother is in trouble. Every time her child comes to the market, she will buy anything when she sees it, and cry if she doesn't buy it. The mother has no choice but to take the child.

  He Xiang remembered the book "Establishing a Boundary for the Child" and offered this mother a trick: In the future, when bringing her child into the market, we should communicate well, and can only buy one thing, and then bring it with him after agreeing to it.

If the child still cries if he doesn't buy it, stick to your principle and ignore him, "You can't always let him (child) use crying as a weapon, right?"

  Unexpectedly, this method worked, and after that the mother also came to the parent conference.

  In the game group, these parents who came to work in the city were considered capable.

Zhang Yan often "beats" her students, "To mobilize the initiative of their parents, they are actually capable people. From their hometown to Beijing, it's not that they have done a lot of business, but people suffer and suffer, and they dare to dare to do it, right? "

  Later, the game team also established a parent committee, and both He Xiang and Xiao Jinsheng became principals.

The parents of these vendors buy and sell goods, read books, and participate in parent meetings. They sit with teachers and students at the Normal University to discuss how to better educate their children.

Parent meeting of the game group

  Parent Wei Zhihong still clearly remembers a lesson the game group taught him.

Once, the game group held a story conference, and every child had to come on stage to tell a story.

She and her daughter had rehearsed at home many times, and her daughter spoke well, but when she got on stage, her daughter stood there, bowed her head, and said nothing.

When a group of teachers and children watched, Wei Zhihong felt very embarrassed, thinking, "Other children can talk about it, why don't our children talk about it?" On the spot, her temper "jumped" out and went directly to the stage to drag her daughter off. Shaking away.

  When they got home, the mother and daughter were annoyed and went to sleep without talking.

  The next day, volunteer Ma Nan came to the door-pre-school education emphasizes family education and believes that family education has a profound impact on children's character development.

In the game group, when the teacher finds a child who is particularly fond of beating, afraid to speak, crying a lot and other abnormal behavior traits, he will go to the child’s home to find out the reasons, to understand their living environment, living habits, and parent-child communication. Way.

  Ma Nan and Wei Zhihong talked, let her understand that education should not be eager for success, but should listen to the children's ideas.

Wei Zhihong admits to being short-tempered. He used to be more rude to children.

Afterwards, she confessed her mistake to the child.

The daughter also explained that she could not speak because she was afraid.

  After this incident, Wei Zhihong understood that the child had his own ideas and choices. She began to ask the child's opinions in everything she did. The relationship between the mother and daughter gradually ran into each other, and she found that her daughter believed her and was willing to say anything to her.

Mother teacher

  Today, the game team has trained eight mother teachers from the children's parents.

  Liu Xiangying is a professor of children's education at Fukuyama City University in Japan, and has brought students to the game group for exchanges many times.

In her opinion, there is no way for the game group to train teachers from parents.

In her contact with her mother and teacher, Liu Xiangying found that these teachers are better than regular kindergarten teachers and can understand the true essence of preschool education-"there are children in the eyes".

  In the spring of 2011, Ding Fengyun started a new life-she was going to be a mother teacher in the game group, riding a bicycle on the road, and her daughter sitting behind her.

There was a breeze, everything seemed as usual, but she felt that her whole body was different, "still very excited".

  That year, Zhang Yan, who was 60 years old, was about to retire and was about to recruit the last batch of graduate students. Considering that after the students graduate, there will be no volunteer teachers in the game team.

At the beginning of its founding, I discovered the teacher's ideas from my mother and was brought up again.

  Volunteer Ma Nan remembers that since then, everybody will discuss which mother is more suitable at the regular meeting.

As for the selection criteria, there are no more than two: First, enthusiasm and willingness to talk about things; second, a full-time mother or no stable job.

Everyone thought of Ding Fengyun, the mother of the child Yang Guangyu.

  At that time, Ding Fengyun was 27 years old and his daughter Yang Guangyu was 4 years old. In order to take care of the children in school, Ding Fengyun found a part-time job nearby to clean the elderly.

My husband is doing elevator repairs. Since the birth of my daughter, the two have discussed with him. The husband is busy with work. She stays at home to take care of the children. From then on, her life is occupied by household chores. Only four corners of the sky are left. "I feel that there is no goal in life, but I don't want to live like this."

  She has always been dissatisfied with her life.

In junior high school, her grades were not bad, but every time she saw her mother had to go to the street to sell rice hard to pay the tuition fees for her children.

As the eldest daughter of the family, in order to allow her three younger siblings to go to school, she took the initiative to give up the opportunity to go to school.

But she is someone who "wants to do something".

After that, despite the opposition of her parents, she opened a restaurant with a loan of 2,000 yuan. The business was not lost or profitable. In the second year after the restaurant was closed, she married and had children.

  When volunteer Fan Yanru invited Ding Fengyun to be a teacher, she hesitated and went back to discuss with her husband. Her husband worried that she had no experience and could not do well, but she had already decided to be a teacher in her heart.

  When she first started as a teacher, Ding Fengyun felt fresh about everything. When the children called her "Teacher Ding", Ding Fengyun was happy in her heart.

At that time, she did simple tasks, such as helping to prepare materials and maintaining discipline in class.

But a month later, pressure came. Volunteers asked Ding Fengyun to give lectures. She began to write a teaching plan before class, design the classroom, and write a teaching log after class to record what happened on that day and how to deal with it.

She "completely didn't understand" these tasks, nor was she able to type on a computer. She learned everything from the beginning, and she was busy every day until after twelve o'clock at night before sending emails to Zhang Yan.

She doesn’t know how to use nursery rhymes or finger exercises. She wakes up to practice in the dark, "just take it seriously."

  Since then, her husband’s attitude has also changed. After dinner, her husband took the initiative to help wash the dishes and let her study.

  As a kindergarten teacher, apart from teaching, Ding Fengyun has to face various problems with children every day.

There is a child named Xiaoyu who has been in the game group for almost a month. He seems to have completely adapted to the new life. He is very excited every day. Sometimes he does morning exercises. He runs around in the team and suddenly throws other children Overturned.

  After discovering Xiaoyu's problem, Teacher Ding reminded him many times, but Xiaoyu still did not correct it.

Later, Teacher Ding found Xiaoyu and asked him why he did this.

Xiaoyu did not speak, nor did he look at Teacher Ding's eyes.

Teacher Ding asked Xiaoyu to follow him and put his hands behind him so that his hands would not touch others.

Xiaoyu put her hand behind her, tears fell immediately, crying and said, "What should I do?" Teacher Ding said, she can only control her own hands, otherwise she can't let go.

Xiaoyu vomited for a while, and then agreed not to push the children.

  Another time, when two children were fighting, Teacher Ding saw it and called a child: "Little Stone, what are you going to see them doing? You can help solve it." Unexpectedly, after Little Stone passed, he went out of his pocket. He took out candy, gave the two children one each, and then said: "You two don't fight anymore." Unexpectedly, the two children really stopped. Ding Fengyun was surprised when he saw that scene, and there was a conflict between the children behind. As long as she is within the safe range, she will only be a bystander and send a child to solve it.

  The most troublesome problem for Ding Fengyun is getting along with her daughter: in class, her daughter raised her hand to answer questions. To avoid suspicion, she deliberately did not call her daughter. One time she was out for fun, her daughter wanted to hold her hand, but Ding Fengyun felt that she was a teacher. Leading the team, she didn't hold her hand, and the daughter cried. On another occasion, her daughter stole the snacks from the game group. Ding Fengyun angrily rebuked her, "I hope my children are good, don't let me feel shameless."

Ding Fengyun was with the children during the spring outing

  After that, Ding Fengyun noticed her problem through her daughter.

A child cried. Her daughter went into the house and took Fengyun’s hand, and brought her to the crying child, and said to the child, “Zhang Yike, don’t you like Teacher Ding? I will bring Teacher Ding to you. When Ding Fengyun saw that her daughter was willing to share her mother's love with others, she realized that she hadn't taken care of her daughter's feelings because of avoiding suspicion. As a teacher, she should treat every child equally.

Live child

  The 15-year-old Yang Guangyu always remembers a scene from his childhood.

In a large classroom, the teacher was giving lectures with round teaching aids, and the 3-year-old Yang Guangyu and the children were sitting in rows on the pony studs.

It's very quiet all around.

Yang Guangyu raised his hand and said, "Teacher, I want to go to the bathroom." The class was interrupted suddenly, and the teacher was expressionless and said solemnly, "No, hold back."

  It was a kindergarten for migrant children. Yang Guangyu remembered that she would cry every time she went to school, and her parents sent her to the door of the kindergarten. She grabbed the door and refused to go in.

Here, Yang Guangyu needs to learn to write "123", but she doesn't understand these numbers, "I go home and write while crying every day."

  Yang Guangyu said that the environment of this kindergarten is very good. The area of ​​the playground is twice the size of the playground of the game group. All teachers wear work clothes.

However, she was extremely depressed, "I feel that the childishness of the children has been wiped out."

  In just three months after entering the kindergarten, Yang Guangyu often got fever and sickness.

Later, because the kindergarten cost was too high and it was too far away from home, Ding Fengyun considered changing Yang Guangyu to a kindergarten.

  The scene of looking for a kindergarten is also printed in Yang Guangyu's heart.

Her parents drove her on a battery car, going round and round around the house.

Suddenly, Yang Guangyu saw many children who were as old as herself coming out of the alley. She followed into the courtyard and saw the children and the teacher having a great time.

She wants to stay and play, this is the game group.

  The doors and windows of the game team are a bit dilapidated, and there are a few potholes on the concrete floor.

If you look at it carefully, you will find some unique features: a white foam plate hung on the opposite side of the classroom with a twenty-four solar terms picture painted on it; on the side is a large tree trunk, dotted with flowers and leaves made of colored paper and wool ; On the desk in the corner of the classroom are piles of fat pumpkins, sweet potatoes, and cucumbers; as soon as you look up, bunches of sorghum hang on the wall like broomsticks, and children's paintings are pasted under them.

These are the toys and teaching aids for the play team, all made by teachers, children and parents.

Parents and children make toys together

  The mother teacher here is good at designing classrooms with rural experience.

  When spring is here, children will make winter jasmine trees with colored paper; when summer is here, bees and butterflies will fly to collect pollen, and they will start insect classes; when they are stung, small insects emerge from the soil, and children can go to the yard to turn over rocks , Looking for ants and snails; at the time of Bailu, the teacher will assign the task of getting up early, and the children who get up early can see the dewdrops.

  Ding Fengyun's teaching journal records a vivid nature lesson.

After morning exercises one day, she took the children to observe the shape of poplar trees.

After the children found the poplar tree at the entrance of the alley, they rushed up and touched the big tree with their hands. Every child answered unexpectedly: Huihui said that the big tree is bumpy; Junxi said that the big bark is lumpy. After touching it, his hands became slippery; Tongtong said, the bark of the big tree looked like an old man's face, with many wrinkles.

  After a while, Teacher Ding asked the children to stand further and observe.

A child raised his head and said, the tree is so tall.

Teacher Ding asked the children to see how the big branches grow?

Xixi said that the big tree trunk is thick and thick, and the longer it gets, the thinner it gets. According to the way, the branches on the big branch are messy. Yuanyuan discovered that there are two nests on the tree. The children began to guess that there should be in the bird’s home Where's the baby bird.

After returning to the classroom, the children drew the big tree they had observed.

Ding Fengyun shows crops in class

  Zhang Yan said that although these migrant children come from rural areas, they rarely return to their hometowns, and they are already far away from nature.

  Pinyin, arithmetic, and calligraphy are not taught here.

Some parents are also anxious, "Why don't you teach something?" Ding Fengyun said, parents think that what they learn is visible and tangible, such as how much homework they have left and how many words they have learned.

She will explain to the parents that if you start to read words and teach some "dead" things now, the children's thinking is easy to solidify.

Just like some adults, they don’t look at the paintings when they pick up a picture book. All they see are words and they don’t have their own thoughts.

Diversion

  Starting from 2014, it is necessary to gather the "five certificates" to study in a public elementary school in Beijing.

For the parents of the game group, the most difficult thing to satisfy is the proof of residence in Beijing and the proof of continuous social security payment.

In the same year, on September 30, the Sihuan Market posted an announcement that the market will be demolished within one month due to the upgrading of the urban environmental planning.

  At that time, most of the stalls’ parents took their children back to their hometowns. Principal He and Principal Xiao’s family all left the stall one after another.

  Some vendors’ parents are still trying their best to help their children stay in Beijing to go to school.

The mother of Chen Yizhou, a child of the game group, said that she did not leave Beijing, but wanted to "let her son receive the best education."

The vendor leaves after the sale ends

  Wei Zhihong's daughter Dai Jiajia was in the fourth grade at a public elementary school in Beijing.

Later, in order to allow her daughter to graduate from elementary school, she went to the hotel and the Xu Beihong Memorial Hall to clean up successively, and became a accompany mother.

  Among the children who graduated that year, Yang Guangyu, the daughter of Teacher Ding, was the luckiest.

Originally, Teacher Ding had prepared to take her children back to her hometown in Hebei to study because the conditions were not met, but on the last day of the deadline for registration, she borrowed a real estate certificate from a Beijing neighbor, and finally Yang Guangyu successfully entered a public elementary school.

  These are the greatest efforts that parents of migrant workers have made for their children.

After a few years, these children were unable to take the Beijing college entrance examination because they did not have a Beijing registered permanent residence, so they left Beijing before and after graduating from elementary school.

  再往后看,这一批游戏小组的孩子,不论是直接回到了老家,还是留在北京读了几年书再回到老家,他们离开游戏小组的保护之后,很快都感知到了外部世界的差异性,接踵而至的是身份疼痛感。这些隐秘的感受,孩子们很少向大人倾吐。

  杨光雨先是进入北京公立小学读书,毕业后,又回到了老家,经历了双重生活,她的感受最为强烈。在游戏小组,很多小朋友特别愿意亲近杨光雨,大人们都抱着一颗愿意为孩子好的心,杨光雨感受到了温暖,她形容,这是一种胜似亲人的关系。

  进入小学后,班里几乎都是城市里的孩子,她初次有了金钱的概念,懂得什么叫做贫富差距。在她的观察里,城市里的孩子有钱出去上补习班,学习也往往较好;班里的外地小孩下课会围在本地小孩身边。

  这些发现刺痛着杨光雨,但是她没有把这些心事告诉母亲,“因为我妈已经非常累了,不应该把这些东西告诉她。”

  在杨光雨的讲述里,小学六年的生活“不太幸福”,她因为状态不好,基础没打好。六年级这一年,她和父母商量后,决定一个人回河北小镇上初中,让父母继续留在北京打工。

  和杨光雨不同的是,进入打工子弟小学读书的陈一洲,班里都是农民工的孩子,他没有身份上的差异感,他还因为成绩好,当上了班长,但是他同样难以适应新生活。在那里,他感受到了人与人之间的疏离感,“那时候和谁都不熟,感觉自己很高冷,没有主动和别人说过话。”

  2015年,为了提前回老家适应教材难度,在北京打拼了15年的陈一洲父母,决定带着儿子回到河北县城上学。陈一洲说,自己一度不能接受离开北京的事实,回到老家后,情绪波动很大,可能因为学习压力变大,也可能是无法适应新环境,“回到老家就是感觉自己在异地。”他原本听话,这时起,总想和母亲反着来,母亲也觉得他在逆反。陈一洲没有和父母说过自己不能适应老家的生活,他觉得父母不能理解他。

  这些流动儿童在北京出生长大,老家的记忆是空白的,他们一直以为自己就是北京人,突然中断生活回到老家,都经历了漫长的身份体认过程。一年级的肖灿得知自己要离开北京,回老家上学时,她感到不解、奇怪,“那时候我都在好奇,我到底是哪的?”

  转回福建县城老家上学之后,同学都好奇这个新转来的学生是哪来的,知道肖灿是从北京转回来后,同学都自然而然地把她当成北京人。上课讲到了有关北京名胜古迹的课文,老师会请肖灿介绍一下北京到底是什么样的。哪怕上了初中,同学听到她的北京口音,仍然会问,“你是北京人吗?”身份上的错位感纠缠着她,她感觉自己不太一样,既不像北京人,又不像福建人。

  这些流动儿童对北京有着特殊的情感,他们知道自己不属于北京,又对北京有着无法割断的依恋。“北京更像家,不管(以后)做什么,至少能回北京。”陈一洲说。

  一时间,大量市场里的农民工回了老家,这意味着游戏小组将失去一大批孩子,为了应付房租,他们像民办幼儿园一样开始考虑招生的问题,每周的例会开始讨论怎么招收新的孩子。志愿者带着小朋友去后海活动的时候,会带着宣传册,有人围观的话,就发给他们。

  也是这一时期,一些认同游戏小组教育理念的北京家长把孩子送到了这里,现在这样的孩子超过一半,但整个游戏小组的孩子人数仍为历史最少。

试验田里的回响

  9月,在游戏小组的大院里,我见到了张燕。她身型瘦小,齐耳短发,穿着一件素净的白衬衫。小朋友们正在做活动,她坐在一旁的小板凳上,看着孩子,目光柔和。偶尔,她会起身拍下小家伙们跳跃时的身影。活动的一个小时里,她和家长坐在一块,视线几乎没有离开过孩子。

张燕和孩子一起做游戏

  多年来,张燕每天坚持看妈妈老师的教学计划和教学日志并反馈,每周的教研会从未停过;她很少去谈游戏小组的价值,她一直告诉所有人,“四环不是完美的,它就是一种互助的教育形式,不要美化它,也不要过分赞美它。只要儿童喜欢、家长喜欢,那就是合适的教育。”

  如今,已经有六百多个孩子从游戏小组毕业,最早的一批已经上了大学。当这些孩子离开游戏小组升入小学时,他们年仅七八岁,关于游戏小组的课堂和游戏,记忆已经难以清晰而微。

  陈一洲在老家的县城中学读初二了。许多时刻,他会想起在游戏小组度过的那些天真又温馨的时光——掉牙时,志愿者老师笑着把他的牙齿扔到了房顶;和小朋友在后海跳绳,他像大哥哥一样照顾他们;妈妈老师温柔的笑容;还有一些不那么清晰的追逐打闹的画面。

  这些回忆仿佛近在眼前,又似乎很遥远了,他有些怅然,“我就感觉是不是自己突然长大了,没有小时候那种天真了。”陈一洲还记得小学的一次期末考试,作文主题是写自己的小时候,他写了游戏小组,有一段是这么写的:当踏入了游戏小组的大门,我就感觉整个人都在放松。

在山坡森林里奔跑的孩子们

  很多孩子童年记忆的开端就在这里。杨光雨说,去游戏小组之前,她没有朋友,之后她所有的朋友都在游戏小组。她还记得,夏天放学了,他们摘下黄瓜,搁水池里洗一洗,一口咬下去,特别甜;过年的时候,菜市场的很多摊商家长都不放假,他们会聚在一起包饺子;还有妈妈老师丘老师曾经在课上做示范时,握住了她的手,她记得丘老师手的触觉,“真的好嫩”,这只手后来教会了她给鞋带打蝴蝶结。

孩子们做手指游戏

  长大后,肖灿从父母那里得知,以前孩子满市场乱跑,困了就躺在摊位上睡觉,饿了就出去买个包子吃,没有人照料。而这时,游戏小组把他们组织到一块玩,让他们学到东西,肖灿说,“(游戏小组)给所有的小朋友一个接受教育的机会,还有一个快乐的童年。”

  在游戏小组的那些年,同样给家长留下了深刻的记忆。1999年,魏志红和丈夫“为了生活”来到北京,在市场里卖衣服勉强谋生,一直有强烈的漂泊感,惦记着老家和孩子。当志愿者向导得知,他们家还有一个儿子留守,主动给孩子写了很多信,关心孩子的学习和生活。回忆起志愿者,魏志红忍住眼泪,“我觉得跟他们在一起聊天,我心里舒服,特别温暖、特别贴心、特别真诚。”

  The people in the game group moved and changed like a floating family. Ding Fengyun moved to another kindergarten institution as a kindergarten teacher in the first half of this year because of the move.

In recent years, all the salary of my mother's teacher came from fundraising from the foundation, from 500 yuan a month to more than 4,000 yuan now.

Once, a relative didn't understand Ding Fengyun, why the family didn't have any money, so she worked so hard to earn this little money?

  Ding Fengyun values ​​personal growth, value recognition, and those innocent moments that belong to children.

She still remembers that on Teacher's Day, when children were asked to paint the teacher, a girl said that she wanted to paint her.

Ding Fengyun sat there seriously, but for a long time, the girl didn’t look up. Ding Fengyun asked her in surprise, “Aren’t you going to draw Teacher Ding, why don’t you even look at me?” The girl said, “Teacher Ding, I don't need to look at it, you are pretending to be in my heart."

  Regarding changes in children, several parents mentioned reading habits.

In the game group, the teacher will read picture book stories to the children in the yard every morning, register the picture books for the children every week, and then hold a parent-child story contest.

Now, Ding Fengyun discovered that the first thing her daughter Yang Guangyu did when she came to Beijing from her hometown was to read a book in the Book Building.

She said that for children from migrant families, this is a very precious and important habit. "We don't read books every day, but my children are like this now."

  After graduating from the Normal University, most of Zhang Yan's students, former volunteers, are still engaged in preschool education related jobs, becoming college teachers or kindergarten principals.

After graduation, I rarely hear feedback from children.

When I told Yang Jianyu these distant repercussions, he paused for a few seconds and smiled, "If you say that, I think what we did before is quite worth it. In fact, we also hope that they remember this experience. He can feel joy and happiness when he comes to life. He has a good psychological foundation for any problems he will encounter in the future, and he will not collapse or fall."

  (Children in the text are all pseudonyms)

  Reference materials: "Buried Seeds in the Soil" edited by Zhang Yan and Li Yuanxiang